电力系统专业词汇

电力专业术语英汉对照表sudden loss of a generator or transmission line. 突然损失发电机或线路sudden load increases or decreases负荷突然增加或减少short circuits and switching operations. 短路和开关操作three-phase and line-to-ground faults三相和对地短路circuit breaker短路器transient overvoltages and currents暂态过电压和电流lightning strikes雷击surge arrester电涌放电器phasor相量instantaneous power瞬时功率A sinusoidal voltage or current at constant frequency正弦电压或电流maximum value最大值effective value有效值average value平均值real axis坐标系实轴imaginary axis坐标系虚轴phasor diagram for相量图passive elements无源元件resistor电阻inductor电感capacitor电容reactance电抗inductive感性capacitive容性real power or active power有功功率reactive power无功功率power factor功率因数power factor angle功率因数角The physical significance of 物理意义be in phase with 与同相位As indicated by (2.1), 如式（2.1）所示The current lags（leads） the voltage by 90落后(超前)多少相位.sinusoidal-steady-state正弦稳态让ab，得到：Letting a=b givesBy convention, the power factor cos(a-b) is positive按照惯例（通常）.a time interval T. Example: The total energy absorbed by a load during a time interval时间区间rating. 定值 power rating额定功率power rating of electric generator；发电机额定功率voltage rating. 额定电压Kirchhoffs current(voltage) law基尔霍夫电流（电压）方程nodal equations节点方程admittance matrix导纳矩阵column vector of N bus voltages有N个节点电压构成的列相量diagonal elements对角元素off-diagonal elements非对角元self-admittance; driving-point admittance自导纳mutual admittance; transfer admittance互导纳The US blackout on 14 August, 2003美国8.14大停电The blackout will have huge technical and organizational consequences for the US power industry对将产生深远影响The existing local reactive power sources were not able to support the voltages. 当地仅存的无功电源无法维持电压trip(tripped) the lines. 切除线路Power system stability refers to the ability of synchronous machines to move from one steady-state operating point following a disturbance to another steady-stateoperating point, without losing synchronism. 电力系统稳定是指nominal values额定值loss of generation, line-switching operations, faults, sudden load changes故障类型EMS=Energy Management System能量管理系统DMS=Distribution Management System配电网络管理系统SCADA=Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition 监管控制与数据采集（调度自动化系统）AGC=Automatic Generation Control自动发电控制LFC=Load Frequency Control负荷频率控制EDC=Economic load Dispatching Control 经济调度负荷控制RTU=Remote Terminal Unit远程终端单元（远动分站）MMI=Men Machine Interface人机交互界面（在屏幕上进行监视与操作、控制）CRT=Cathode Ray Type阴极射线显示（显像管监视器）LC=Load Control负荷控制AM/FM=Automated Mapping and Facilities Management自动绘图与设备管理DSM=Demand Side Management需求端管理TOU=Time Of Use使用时间（次数）GEM=Generation Efficiency Management发电功效管理MIS=Management Information System信息管理系统OS=Operation System操作系统DTS=Dispatcher Training Simulator调度员培训系统EMP=Energy Management Platform能量管理平台FAT=Factory Acceptance Test工厂验收试验SAT=on Site Acceptance Test现场验收试验RTGEN=Real Time Generation Control实时发电控制RTNET=Real Time NETwork state analysis实时网络状态分析FM=Facilities Management设备管理GIS=Geographic information System地理信息系统IEEE=The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 电气电子工程学会POSIX=Portable Operating System Interface Standard Portable操作系统标准MIT=Massachusetls Institute of Technology麻省理技术学院OSF=Open System Foundation开放式系统基础ANSI=American National Standards Institute北美标准协会TCP/IP=Transaction Control Protocal/ Internet Protocal 传输控制协议与互联网协议SQL=Structured Query Language结构查询语言LAN=Local Area Network局域网络EPRI=Electric Power Research Institute电力研究（科学）院MMI=Man-Machine Interactive人机交互界面MMC=Man-Machine Communication人机交互通讯PHIGS=Programmers Hierachical Interactive Graphics System 分级式程序员交互图形系统LTU=Local Terminal Unit负荷终端单元SOE=Sequence Of Event recording 事件记录顺序记忆PDR=Post Disturbance Review提示扰动（故障）记忆AFC=Automatic Frequency Control 自动频率控制ACE=Area Control Error区域控制误差 PLC=Plant Controler 工厂控制TBC=Tie line Bias Control联络线（功率）偏差控制CFC=Constant Frequency Control恒定频控制CNIC=Constant Net Interchange Control 既定网络交换控制NERC=North American Electric Reliability Council 北美电力可靠性联合会LDC=Load Duration Curve负荷变化曲线ELDC=Equivalent Load Duration Curve 等效负荷变化曲线OPF=Optimal Power Flow 最优潮流GRG=Generalized Reduced Gradient 函数化简梯度AVR=Automatic Voltage Regulation自动电压调整REI=Radial Equivalent Independent REI等值（辐射状等值独立电源发）ZPBN=Zero Power Balance Network零功率平衡网络（无交换功率网络）OMG=Object Management Group目标管理集合CORBA=Common Object Request Broker Architecture公共目标请求对象体系IDI=Interface Definition Language界面定义语言API=Application Programming Interface 应用程序界面ORB=Object Request Broker目标请求对象armature电枢（电机的部件）field场，范围pole pair杆对, 极对mmf=Magnetic Motive Force 磁动势quadrature90 度相移direct and quadrature axesd和q轴magnetic circuit磁路Per unit representation每个机组的表示法Stator定子, 固定片Rotor转子flux linkage磁链torque转矩phasor representation矢量表示法,magnetic saturation磁(性)饱和open circuit电断路swing摆动、摇摆inertia惯性constant常数large-scale大规模的amortisseur阻尼器reactive电抗的capability可能输出功率natural固有的surge冲花transfer传递,转移loadability载荷能力,载荷率induction motor感应电动机steady-state稳态approach趋近,近似法excitation励磁underexcite欠励磁, 励磁不足limiter限制器overexcitation过激励, 超激磁subtransient次暂态phase-shifting transformer移相变压器field-shorting励磁短路prime mover原动机energy supply供电hydraulic turbine水轮机governing控制，管理，调节turbine汽轮机、涡轮机inelastic非弹性的governor蒂器thermal热的off-frequency越限频率fossil-fuelled energy systems燃气能量系统converter变换机valve阀, 活门blocking闭塞harmonics谐波ratio比fault故障composite复合的underfrequency低于额定频率,频率过低shunt并联series串联Underfrequency load shedding低频减载Interarea oscillation基面（主面）振荡AC relay交流继电器Abnormal information 异常信息abnormal load不规则负荷absorption capacitor吸收电容器active load有功负荷active loss有功损耗active power有功active power balance有功电力平衡Adaptive control自适应控制Air conditioning loads空调负荷Alert state 警戒状态alternating current交流alternating current commentator motor交流换向器电动机alternating field交变场Analytical solution 解析法angle stability功角稳定Angular velocity角频率asynchronous异步的Asynchronous Motor异步电机Asynchronous operation of a synchronous machine同步电机异步运行ABC Automatic bias compensation 自动偏压补偿automatic field-suppressing自动灭磁Automatic generator control自动发电控制Automatic supervision function自检功能Automatic voltage regulator自动电压调节器recloser自动重合闸Available transfer capability可传输能力Backbone主网架Backup protection后备保护Base load set基本负荷机组basic theory of circuitry电路基本理论blackout停电Brittle, fragile脆弱Bulk power system大型电力系统bulk transmission system大容量输电系统Bundled conductor分裂导线bus bar母线Cable电缆Capability curves 运行极限图cascading failure连锁故障condenser调相机Conditional stability of a power system电力系统条件稳定性Constant active power load恒功率负荷Constant energy load恒能量负荷Contingency screening and ranking事故筛选与排序continuous current generator直流发电机conversion equipmen换流设备Converter整流器copper loss铜耗Corona电晕critical clearing time极限切除时间Critical voltage临界电压curve fitting曲线拟合Customer power定制电力daily load curves日负荷曲线damping阻尼DC converter直流换流器degree of compensation补偿度destabilizing perturbation不稳定扰动digital sampling control数字采样控制DC Direct current直流direct current transmission直流输电Distribution network配电网Distribution voltage regulator 配电电压调整Disturbance扰动Dynamic analysis method动态分析方法dynamic reactive power compensation动态无功补偿Dynamic simulation动态仿真dynamic stability动态稳定DVR Dynamic voltage restorer动态电压恢复器earth fault接地故障Economic loading schedule经济承载计划Effective short circuit ratio有效短路比electric apparatus电气设备，电气装置，；电机；电器electric drive电力传动electrical braking电气制动Electrical islanding电器孤岛electronic commutation电子换向，电子整流emergency state紧急状态EMS energy management system能量管理系统Epoch angle初相角equal incremental cost rule等微增率准则equal-area criterion等面积定则Equilibrium平衡Equilibrium point平衡点equivalent circuit等值电路equivalent network等值电网excitation励磁excitation control励磁控制Fast fault clearing快速故障切除装置Fault clearance time故障清除时间Fault location故障定位Ferror-resonance铁磁谐振field regulator励磁调节器Filter滤波器fixed series capacitor compensation固定串联电容补偿flexibility灵活性FACTS Flexible AC transmission system柔性交流输电Frequency drift频率漂移frequency response characteristics频率特性Fundamental frequency temporary voltage基频短时过电压fuzzy identification模糊识别generation capacity装机容量generation mix多能源发电Generation schedule发电计划Generation shedding切机Generator capability curve发电机运行极限图Generator Q-V curve发电机Q-V曲线generator terminal机端generator tripping切机Governor power flow调速器潮流harmonic谐波harmonic distortion谐波畸变High pass filter高通滤波器High performance excitation system高性能励磁系统high voltage shunt reactor高抗High-side voltage control高压侧电压控制Hunting of interconnected synchronous machines并联同步电机振荡hydro generation水力发电厂Induction motor感应电动机Inherent stability of a power system电力系统固有稳定性Initial mechanical power初始机械转矩In-phase (voltage)control纵向电压调节instability criterion不稳定性判据installed capacity装机容量Insulation fault绝缘故障intangible depreciation无形损耗integrated system综合系统interconnected systems互联系统internal combustion内燃机Interrupt开断Inverter逆变站Inverter control逆变器控制iron loss铁耗isolator刀闸（隔离开关）LDC line drop compensation线路补偿器Line Commutation电网换流Line drop compensation线路压降补偿Load characteristic负荷特性load curve负荷曲线load disconnection切负荷Load diversity负荷不同时性Load dynamics负荷动态Load factor负荷率load forecasting负荷预测Load patterns负荷形式Load rejection甩负荷load reserve负荷备用load saturation curve负载饱和曲线Load shedding切负荷LTC Load tap changing 有载调压Load testing负荷测试Load-ability curve负荷能力曲线load-frequency and load-voltage characteristics负荷特性Loss of synchronism同步失稳low frequency oscillation低频振荡low water condition year枯水年lower limit下限Magnetic and electric field电磁场magnetizing current励磁电流Management forecast of a system电力系统预测负荷Mature power system饱和电力系统mean absolute deviation平均绝对偏差measurement of phase sequence and phase angle相序和相位测量mechanical stability against short circuit动稳定性MSC Mechanically switched capacitors机械投切电容器Mid-term stability中期电压稳定Modal analysis模型分析modulator调制器Negative (sequence) component负序分量negative damping负阻尼negative sequence impedance负序阻抗feeder馈电线Network maximum power transfer网络最大传输能力network optimization电网优化Neutral中性点Nodal admittance matrix节点导纳矩阵no-load current空载电流nonlinear control非线性控制nonlinear model非线性模型one machine - infinity bus system单机无穷大系统Online security assessment在线安全估计OLTC On-load tap changing有载调压Operating point运行点optical operation collapse prevention灾变防治optimal control最优控制optimal power flow最优潮流ORF optimal reactive power无功优化optimization of reactive power distribution无功功率最优分布Optimum load经济负荷Optimum power flower有功潮流优化oscillation振荡Oscillatory instability振荡不稳定Oscillatory voltage instability振荡性电压失稳outage断电Outage state停运状态Out-of-step operation失步运行Over-excitation limiter过励磁限制器Overload capacity过载能力Over-voltage过电压parallel AC/DC交直流并联Past Voltage within Power system电力系统内部过电压Per Unit标幺值Per unit system标幺制系统perturbation theory小扰动理论Positive (sequence) component正序分量positive sequence impedance正序阻抗Post-disturbance stability扰动后电压稳定Post-transient stability暂态后电压稳定Potential电位potential distribution电位分布Power circle diagram功率圆Power factor功率因数Power flow simulation潮流仿真power frequency voltage工频电压Power instability功率不稳定性power line/over head功率损线power plant发电厂Power quality电能质量Power shortfall电力短缺Power system abnormality电力系统异常Power system fault电力系统故障Power system management电力系统管理Power system planning电力系统规划Power system stability电力系统稳定性Power transmission line输电线power(load) flow电力潮流power-angle功角power-factor功率因数Power-regulation coefficient of load负荷的功率调节系数primary power-system一次系统pulse脉动Power quality电能质量quick action速动，快动，快作用quick action valve速动阀，快动阀门Radial operation辐射运行Radial system辐射型系统reactive compensation equipment无功补偿装置reactive component无功分量reactive load无功负荷reactive loss有功损耗reactive power无功reactive power absorption无功功率吸收reactive power compensation无功补偿reactive power dispatch无功调度reactive power distribution无功分布reactive power flow无功潮流Reactive power margin无功功率裕度reactive power source无功电源reactive-load compensation equipment无功补偿设备reactor电抗器receiving system接收系统Rectifier整流站Redundant equipment冗余Region of attraction 吸引域reinforced excitation强行励磁Reinforcement of a system电力系统改造relay failure disoperation误动作reliability可靠性Reliability criteria可靠性准则reliability evaluation可靠性评估reliability of transmission system输电系统可靠性remote kilowatt-hour-meter reading远方自动抄表retarding/synchronizing torque阻滞转矩/同步转矩robust鲁棒性Rotor转子Rotor angle stability功角稳定性rotor coil转子线圈Schematic示意图secondary power-system二次系统security monitoring安全监视Self-(or mutual) induction自（互）感Self-synchronization自同步series capacitor串联电容器series compensation串联补偿Severe voltage dip电压跌落严重Short circuit capacity短路容量Short circuit ratio短路比SC shunt capacitor并联电容器shunt commutator motor并励换向器式电动机shunt reactor并联电抗器simulation analysis仿真分析Skin effect集肤效应Slip转差stability稳定性Stability limit of a system state variable系统状态变量稳定极限Stability margin of a system state variable系统状态变量稳定裕度Stability zone稳定区Stall-prone motor堵转电机State estimation状态估计State transition diagram状态转移图Static models稳态模型SVC static var compensator静止无功补偿器，静止无功补偿装置SVG static var generator 静止无功发生器Static voltage stability analysi静态电压稳定分析方法Stator定子steady short-circuit current稳态短路电流steady state operation稳态运行steady-state analysis稳态分析steady-state analysis of power system电力系统稳态分析Steady-state load characteristic静态负荷特性steady-state stability静态稳定Steady-state stability of a power system电力系统静态稳定性stochastic modeling随机模型(统计建模)Sub synchronous resonance次同步谐振substation变电站Sufficient resilience足够的恢复能力SCADA Supervisory control and data acquisition system监视控制和数据收集系统Supply-interruption costs停电费用Surge impedance波阻抗surge impedance loading冲击阻抗Surge voltage冲击电压swing摇摆Swing curve摇摆曲线switching station with single bus单母线配电站Switchyard开关站Synchronism restoration再同步synchronize同步Synchronous condenser同步调相机Synchronous operation of a machine电机同步运行Synchronous time同步时间SPC System protection centre系统保护中心System black start generator系统黑启动发电机System demand control系统需量控制SPT System protection terminals系统保护终端System reliability系统可靠性System robustness系统的鲁棒性tap分接头Tap changer instability分接头不稳定性Terminal voltage端电压The time-overload limit of transmission lines输电线路过载时间限制Thermal capacity 热容量Thermal limit热极限Thermostatically-controlled heating loads温控加热负荷threefold line of defense三道防线three-phase fault三相故障three-phase ungrounded fault三相非接地短路故障Time frame时间框架Tolerance 容差topological structure拓扑结构Torque-slip curve转矩-转差曲线Transfer limits传输极限transformer amplifier变压器耦合放大器Transient angle instability瞬时功角失稳Transient load characteristic暂态负荷特性transient overreach暂态超越Transient rotor angle stability暂态功角稳定transient stability暂态稳定Transient voltage stability暂态电压稳定transient-state analysis of power system电力系统暂态分析transmission and distribution energy losses线损Transmission grid输电网transmission line输电线Transmission losses输电损耗transmission network输电网trigger amplifier触发放大器turbine generation汽轮发电厂two-step earth-fault protection二级接地保护ULTC blocking ULTC闭锁ULTC under load tap changer有载调压变压器Under-frequency load shedding 低频减载Under-voltage load shedding低压减载unit commitment开停机计划UPFC United power flow controller 联合潮流控制器unstable equilibrium point不稳定平衡点unstable oscillation不稳定运行unsymmetrical short-circuit不对称短路upper limit上限urgency control system紧急控制系统Utilization time of power losses最大功率损耗等值时间v-curve V形曲线vibration absorber减振器，消振器，振动吸收器voltage collapse电压崩溃VCPI Voltage Collapse Proximity Indicator电压崩溃邻近指标Voltage control电压控制Voltage control area电压控制区域voltage curve电压曲线Voltage fluctuation电压波动voltage grade电压等级Voltage instability mechanisms电压失稳机理voltage profile 电压分布Voltage reduction 电压降低voltage regulation电压调整Voltage security电压安全Voltage sensitive load电压灵敏性负荷Voltage sensitivity电压灵敏性Voltage stability电压稳定Voltage stability factor电压稳定因子Voltage stability limit电压稳定极限Voltage stability margin电压稳定裕度voltage stresses电压强度Voltage-weak point弱电压节点V-Q curves V-Q曲线vulnerability脆弱性Weather sensitive loads对天气变化灵敏的负荷WAPS Wide Area Protection System广域保护系统wireless radio-controlled无线控制zero (sequence) component零序分量zero sequence reactance零序电抗abnormal overload异常过载，事故过载active power 有功功率ampere-hour efficiency充电效率aperiodic damping非周期阻尼arithmetic circuitry运算电路capacitive voltage transformer电容式电压互感器closed electric circu