英美文学试题.doc

I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets. 1. _D_ is not the best representative of the English humanists in the English humanists in the Renaissance. P9-line34 A. Thomas more B. Christopher Marlowe C. William Shakespeare D. Edmund Spenser2. _D_ does not belong to Christopher Marlowes play. P20 A. Tamburlaine B. Dr. Faustus C. The Jew of Malta D. Hero and Leander3. _B_ is regarded as the pioneer of English drama. P22 A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe C. Edmund Spenser D. John Donne4. _A_ are Shakespeares two narrative poems.P29A. Venus and Adonis B. The Two Noble Kinsmen C. The Rape of lucrece D. The Winters Tale5. English Renaissance Period was an age of _B_. A. prose and novel B. poetry and drama C. essays and journals D. ballads and songs6. Shall I compare thee to a summers day? This is the beginning line of Shakespeares _D_. P37 A. songs B. plays C. comedies D. sonnets7. Which play is not a comedy? P30（D） A. A Midsummer Nights B. The Merchant of Venice C. Twelfth Night D. Romeo and Juliet E. As You Like It8. In 1847, the Bronte Sisters published the following famous novels except_D_.p256 A. Jane Eyre B. Shirley C.Wuthering Heights D. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall9. In _B_s hands, dramatic monologue reaches its maturity and perfection. P283 A. Alfred Tennyson B. Robert Browning C. Williams Shakespeare D. George Eliot 10. _C_ is a natural medium for Hamlet to release his anguish.p34 A. conversationB. speech C. soliloquyD. action11The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events EXCEPT_B_.Athe rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureBthe vast expansion of British colonies in North AmericaCthe new discoveries in geography and astrologyDthe religious reformation and the economic expansion 12. William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and _D_ are the best representatives of the English humanists. A. Edmund SpenserB. Francis Bacon C. John MiltonD. Thomas More13. _B_ is not a comedy. A. As You Like ItB. Romeo and Juliet C. A Midsummer Night DreamD. The Twelfth Night14. Marlowes _A_ is a play based on the German legend of a magician aspiring for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil. P21 A. Dr. FaustusB. Tamburlaine C. The Jew of MaltaD. Edward II15. All the following poets except _D_ belong to the metaphysical school.p64 A. DonneB. Herbert C. MarvellD. Milton16. The publication of _C_ established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England transcendentalism. A. NatureB. Self-reliance C. The American Scholar D. The Over-soul17. American Romanticism started with the publication of _A_ and ended with Leaves of Grass.p399 A. The Sketch BookB. Nature C. The AlhambraD. Leatherstocking Tales18. Being a period of the great flowering of American literature, the _B_ period is also called the American Renaissance.p399 A. Puritan B. Romantic C. RealisticD. modern19. The American _C_ as a cultural heritage exerted great influence over American moral values and literature.p401 A. democracyB. ideal C. PuritanismD. Romanticism20. _D_ is considered by H. L. Mencken as the true father of our national literature. P477 A. Ernest HemingwayB. Edgar Allan Poe C. Washington IrvingD. Mark Twain21“It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good for-tune, must be in want of a wife.” The quoted part is taken from _C_.AJane Eyre BWuthering HeightsCPride and Prejudice DSense and Sensibility 22All of the following poems by William Wordsworth are masterpieces on nature EXCEPT _D_.A“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” B“An Evening Walk”C“Tintern Abbey” D“The Solitary Reaper” 23All of the following are stream of- consciousness novels EXCEPT_A_.APilgrimage BUlyssesCMrs. Dalloway DTess of the D Urbervilles 24Shakespeares four greatest tragedies are _C_.p33ARomeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, Hamlet BHamlet, Othello, Macbeth, The Merchant of VeniceCHamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth DRomeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venice, Othello, Hamlet 25All of the following novels by Daniel Defoe are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people EXCEPT _A_.p9798ARobinson Crusoe BCaptain SingletonCMoll Flanders DColonel Jack 26Among the three major works by John Milton _D_ is indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. P71AParadise Regained BSamson AgonistesCLycidas DParadiseLost 27English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have ended in 1832 with _A_. P157Athe passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament Bthe publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges Lyrical BalladsCthe publication of TSEliots The waste LandDthe passage of the Bill of Rights in the Parliament 28Contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, the modern English novel gives a realistic presentation of life of _A_.Athe common English people Bthe upper classCthe rising bourgeoisie Dthe enterprising landlords 29Herman Melville wrote his semi-autobiographical novel Redburn concerning the sufferings of a genteel youth among brutal sailors. P459ATypee BRedburnCMoby-Dick DMardi 30“The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.” This “iceberg” analogy is put forward by _D_.AMark Twain BEzra PoundCWilliam Faulkner DErnest Hemingway 31In many of Hawthornes stories and novels, the Puritan concept of life is condemned, or the Puritan past is shown in an almost totally negative light, especially in his _D_ and The Scarlet Letter. P432ATwice-Told Tales BThe Blithedale RomanceCThe Marble Faun DThe House of the Seven Gables 32The white whale, Moby Dick, symbolizes _B_ for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.P461Asociety BnatureCocean animals Dhuman being 33After the American Civil War, the literary interest in the so-called “reality” of life started a new period in the American literary writings know an the Age of _A_. P471 ARealism BReason and Revolution CRomanticism DModernism 34Altogether, Emily Dickinson wrote 1775 poems, of which only _C_ had appeared during her lifetime.P517Athree BfiveCseven Dnine 35The _B_ Age of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby.P548ALost BJazzCReason DGilded 36Robert Frost is generally considered a regional poet whose subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in _D_.P561Athe west Bthe south CAlaska DNew England 37Realism was a reaction against Romanticism and paved the way to _A_. P471AModernism BScientismCPost-Modernism DFeminism 38Mark Twain employed an unpretentious style of _C_ in his novels which is best described as “vernacular”. P479Astandard English BAfro-American English Ccolloquialism Durbanism 39. In 1847, the Bronte Sisters published the following famous novels except_D_. A. Jane Eyre B. Shirley C.Wuthering Heights D. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall40. The eighteenth-century England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of _B_. P80 A. IntellectB. Reason C. RationalityD. ScienceII. Topic discussion. Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.1. How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism? Provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best.新古典主义与浪漫主义有什么不同？从你知道最好的文学作品中提供简短的证据予以说明。Neoclassicists upheld that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expressions should be of proportion, unity, harmony and grace.Alexander Popes “An Essay on Criticism” advocated grace, wit (usually though satire / humor), and simplicity in language (and the poem itself is a demonstration of those ideals, too), Henry Fieldings Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel; Grays Elegy Written in Country Churchyard displays elegance in style, unified structure, serious tone and moral instructions. Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings”, and no matter how fragmentary those experiences are (Wordsworths I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud or The Solitary Reaper or Coleridges Keble Khan), the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes. In a word, Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individuals mind.新古典主义坚持理想的艺术应该是秩序，逻辑，情感的克制和准确性，而文学作品的，应判定其为人类服务，因此，应该是文学表达的比例，团结，和谐，教皇grace.Alexander的“一篇文章批评“倡导的宽限期，机智（通常是讽刺/幽默），和简单的语言和诗本身是这些理想的演示，太，亨利菲尔丁的汤姆琼斯帮助建立形式新颖;写灰色的悲歌在国家墓地显示优雅的风格，统一的结构，严肃的口气和道德指令。浪漫主义者往往以看个人的非常中心的所有经验，包括艺术，并因此，文学作品应该是“自发溢出的强烈的感情”，并不管如何零碎的这些经验是（华兹华斯的，我逛到孤独云或本孤独的割麦女或柯勒律治的基布尔汗），谎称工作的价值在提出这些独特的感受和态度，特别是的准确性。总之，新古典主义强调理性和形式，但浪漫主义高度重视个人的心灵。2. What is your understanding of the Renaissance?你理解的文艺复兴时期是什么？This Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started from Italy and then spread all over Europe. The Renaissance, which means rebirth or revival, is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. 这座文艺复兴时期的过渡标志着从中世纪到现代世界。一般来说，它是指期间14和中旬17世纪之间。它首先从意大利开始，然后传遍欧洲各地。文艺复兴时期，这意味着“重生”或“复兴”，实际上是由一系列历史事件，如古希腊和罗马文化的再发现刺激的运动，地理占星术，的宗教reformance和经济的新发现扩张。文艺复兴时期，因此，在本质上，是一个历史时期，欧洲的人文主义思想家和学者试图摆脱那些旧的封建主义思想在中世纪的欧洲，引入新的理念，表达了新兴资产阶级的利益，并收回早期教会的纯度从罗马天主教会的腐败。3. Discuss the historical and socio-cultural background and the literary characteristics of American Romanticism.讨论美国浪漫主义的历史和社会文化背景，以及它的文学特征。Background: 1. American pioneers had pushed the frontier line of settlement beyond the Mississippi to the west, which has risen as a sectional power to challenge the political dominance of the East and the South. 2. Before 1860, the United States had begun to change into an industrial and urban society. 3. The rise of Nationalism4. Historically, time of westward expansion;5. Economically, industrial transformation6. Politically, democracy and equality as the ideal of the new nation, and the two-party system came into being.7. Literarily, an urge to have its own literary expression and to make known its new experience1.美国拓荒者曾推动解决边境线跨越密西西比河的西部，具有挑战的东方政治优势、南部的一个部门的权力上升。2。1860之前，美国已经发展成为一个工业和城市社会。3，民族主义的崛起。4。从历史上看，西进运动的时间；5经济，产业转型。6。在政治上，民主和平等的新的国家的理想，和两个政党制度应运而生。7。文学上，要有自己的文学表达，并使其新的经验Literary characteristics: Romanticism, Transcendentalism浪漫主义，超验主义文学的特点The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature. Romanticism have been seen as a key movement in the Counter-Enlightenment, a reaction against the Age of Enlightenment. Whereas the thinkers of the Enlightenment emphasized the primacy of deductive reason, Romanticism emphasized intuition, imagination, and feeling.1) Strong sense optimism giving birth to the spectacular outburst of romantic feeling;2) The impact of English Romanticism;3) America sown philosophy Transcendentalism;4) Moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception and a presumption that nature was a source of goodness浪漫主义时期，一个在美国文学史上最重要的时期。浪漫主义被视为反启蒙运动的关键，对启蒙时代的反应。而启蒙运动的思想家强调演绎推理的绝对性，浪漫主义强调直觉，想象力，情感，1）强烈的乐观主义诞生的浪漫感觉的壮观的爆发；2）英国浪漫主义的影响；3）美国播种哲学的超验主义；4）的道德热情，在个人主义和直觉的价值信念和假设，自然是善的源4. Give a summary about the England literature in the Renaissance period.总结一下在文艺复兴时期的英国文学。English literature in the Renaissance period is usually regarded as the highlight in the history of English literature. It was not until the reign of Henry VIII (from 1509 to 1547) that the Renaissance really began to show its effect in England. With Henry VIIIs encouragement, the Oxford reformers, scholars and humanists introduced classical literature to England. Education, based upon the classics and the Bible, was revitalized, and literature, already much read during the 15th century, became even more popular. Thus began the English Renaissance, which was Englands Golden Age, especially in literature. Among the literary giants were Shakespeare, Spenser, Jonson, Sidney, Marlowe, Bacon and Donne. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and Reformation. English literature developed with a great speed made a magnificent achievement.在文艺复兴时期的英国文学通常被认为是英国文学史上的突出。直到亨利八世在位期间（15091547），英国文艺复兴时期真的开始显示其效果。亨利八世的鼓励下，牛津改革者，学者和人道主义者介绍到英国古典文学。教育，基于经典和圣经，复兴，文学，已经多读在第十五世纪，成为更受欢迎。因此，英国文艺复兴时期的开始，这是英格兰的黄金时期，特别是在文学。文学巨匠莎士比亚，斯宾塞，琼森，西德尼，马洛，培根和多恩。的态度和感情已在第十四和第十五世纪的特点一直延续到人文主义与宗教改革时代。英国文学的发展取得了辉煌成就一个伟大的速度。In literary terms, the study of the classical poets led not only to their translation into English but the adaptation of their verse forms and systems of poetical metre, as well as the embracing of their themes and genres. An illustration of the linguistic explosion caused by the Renaissance is the addition of more than 10,000 new words to the language in a short space of time, mainly from Latin. The Renaissance also led to a rebirth of classical humanism, which encouraged knowledge of the arts, languages, and a generally broad and active education. This led to a great spirit of confidence and the urge to explore the potential that language, literature, and philosophy could offer and the heights that humans could reach.在文学方面，对古典诗歌的研究不仅导致他们翻译成英文，但他们的诗歌形式和诗歌格律系统的适应性，以及拥抱他们的主题和体裁。在文艺复兴时期造成的语言爆炸的一个例证是超过10000个新单词，在很短的时间空间的语言外，主要是从拉丁语。文艺复兴时期也导致了古典人文主义的复兴，这鼓励的艺术语言，知识，和广泛的和积极的教育。这导致了一个巨大的信心和渴望探索，语言，文学和哲学精神的潜力，可以提供与人类能够达到的高度。5. Whats the theme of “Hamlet”? “哈姆雷特”的主题是什么？His tragedies often portray some noble hero who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation. The heroes have some weaknesses in their characters, which finally lead to their tragic falls.Shakespeare puts forward the image of Hamlet as a humanist of the Renaissance. He has an unbounded love for the world, nature and man; he loves good, hates evil, and is free from medieval prejudices and superstitions, he shows a contempt for rank and wealth; he is a man of genius, highly accomplished and educated; he is a scholar, soldier, and statesman. His image reflects the versatility of the man of the Renaissance. His weakness is his melancholy, but in spite of his melancholy and delay in action, Hamlet still retains his active energy. His learning, wisdom, noble nature, limitation and tragedy are all representative of the humanists at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries.他的悲剧经常描绘一些高尚的英雄，谁面临的不公正人类生活陷入困难的情况下，其命运与整个国家的命运是紧密相连的。英雄有自己的角色的一些弱点，最终导致了他们的悲惨瀑布。提出了莎士比亚的哈姆雷特形象作为人文主义的文艺复兴。他有一个世界，自然和人为的无限的爱，他爱的好，讨厌邪恶的，是免费的，从中世纪的偏见和迷信，他显示了地位和财富的蔑视，他是一个天才的人，高度完成教育;他是一个学者，战士和政治家。他形象地反映了文艺复兴时期的人的多功能性。他的弱点是他的忧郁，但尽管他的忧郁和行动中的延迟，哈姆雷特仍保留着他的积极的能量。他的学习，智慧，高贵的性质，限制和悲剧在16世纪和17世纪之交的所有代表的人文主义。6. Whats the difference between the traditional and the present the theme of the play “ The Merchant of Venice”?戏剧“威尼斯商人”传统的和目前的主题的区别是什么？The traditional theme of the play is to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew.Many people today tend to regard the play as a satire of the Christians hypocrisy and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews.传统题材的主题是赞美安东尼奥和巴萨尼奥之间的友谊，将女主波西亚这个美女理想化，赞颂了她的智慧和忠诚度，并揭露贪得无厌和残酷的犹太人。今天，许多人倾向于把该剧作为基督徒的虚伪和虚假的友谊和爱情的标准，他们狡猾的方式追求世俗和不通情理的对犹太人的偏见的讽刺。7. Why is humanism the essence of the Renaissance?为什么人文主义是文艺复兴时期的精髓？Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things. Through the new learning, humanists not only saw the arts of splendor and enlightenment, but the human values r