福建省尤溪县高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解编练（五）.doc

福建尤溪县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解编练（五）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall?what do you think caused this change in colour?it is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from the nearby fields.components of soilsoil is made up of a number of layers(层),each having its own distinctive colour and texture. the upper layer is know as the litter. it acts like a blanket,limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss. the topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖质),which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. this layer is usually rich in nutrients,oxygen,and water. below the topsoil is the subsoil,a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter. this layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus. beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.soil forms from the bottom up. over time bedrock is attacked by rain,wind,frost,and snow. it is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. plants begin to grow,and rotten materials enrich the topsoil. most of the soil in eastern canada,for example,was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago.water beneath the soilsurface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes,ponds,and rivers. once in the soil or rock,it is called groundwater. gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation(渗透). eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.as water percolates downward,it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers. this causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.soil phsoil can be acidic,neutral,or basic. the ph of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed,and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it.the acidity of rain and snow can lower the ph of the groundwater that enters the soil. by burning fossil fuels such as coal,oil and gasoline,humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils. when fossil fuels are burned,gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain. acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. as nutrients are removed,soil is less fertile. plants grow more slowly in acidic soil,and also become easily attacked by diseases.1. the layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called.a. litterb. topsoilc. humusd. subsoil2. according to the text,which of the following isnot true?a. soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.b. the deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil.c. air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.d. groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth.3. we can infer from the passage that the water table lies.a. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layerb. in the subsoil layer above bedrockc. between the subsoil layer and bedrockd. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil4. the underlined word“dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are.a. rushed away into the river b. cleaned and purified by waterc. destroyed and carried away by water d. mixed with water and become part of it【参考答案】1-4、bbcd社会文化（阅读理解）由 (2010安徽,c)改编american cities are similar to other cities around the world:in every country,cities reflect the values of the culture.american cities are changing, just as american society is changing.after world war ,the population of most large american cities decreased;however,the population in many sun belt cities increased.los angeles and houston are cities where population shifts (转移) to and from the city reflect the changing values of american society.in the late 1940s and early 1950s,city residents (居民) became wealthier.they had more children so they needed more space.they moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes.they bought houses in the suburbs (郊区).now things are changing.the children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults.many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities.they continue to move to sun belt cities and older ones of the northeast and midwest.many young professionals are moving back into the city.they prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.this population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits.countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent.in the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.only a few years ago, people thought that the older american cities were dying.some city residents now see a bright, new future.others see only problems and conflicts.one thing is sure:many dying cities are alive again.1.what does the author think of cities all over the world?()a.they are alive.b.they are hopeless.c.they are similar.d.they are different.2.why did american city residents want to live in the suburbs after world war ?()a.because older american cities were dying.b.because they were richer and needed more space.c.because cities contained the worst parts of society.d.because they could hardly afford to live in the city.3.according to the 4th paragraph, a great many poor people in american cities .a.are faced with housing problemsb.are forced to move to the suburbsc.want to sell their buildingsd.need more money for daily expenses4.we can conclude from the text that .a.american cities are changing for the worseb.people have different views on american citiesc.many people are now moving from american citiesd.the population is decreasing in older american cities语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者向我们叙述了二战后以及现在美国城市中人们的变迁,从侧面反射出贫富差别给人们带来的影响。答案及剖析:1.c事实细节题。由第一段第一句可知美国的城市和世界其他城市是类似的。故选c。2.b推理判断题。由第二段最后四句可知城市居民变得富有,他们有较多的孩子,需要较大的空间,因此他们想搬到郊区。故选b。3.a推理判断题。由第四段第二句可知:无数的穷人必须离开他们的公寓,因为房东想卖掉他们的房子而不想出租了。故选a。而b和第四段倒数第二句矛盾;c的主语应该是房东(the owners);d未提到。4.b推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知不同的人对城市有不同的观点,故选b。a和第一段最后一句矛盾,the worse错误;c的主语应该是many poor people;文中没有和d相关的信息。【长难句子分析】countless poor定语 people主语 must leave谓语 their apartments宾语 inthe city定语 becausethe owners want to sellthe buildings or make原因状语从句 apartments for sale instead of for rent.原因状语从句无数的穷人必须离开他们市里的公寓,因为房东想卖掉他们的房子而不想出租了。句中的because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent是原因状语从句,for sale待售;for rent出租。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东深圳市第二次调研考试】 were so well educated but were useless students who have lost the ability to do anything practical. the only thing weve mastered is consumption.large numbers of students have entered higher education in the past 10 years, but despite being the most educated generation in history, it seems that weve grown increasingly ignorant when it comes to basic life skills. looking back on my first couple of weeks of living in student halls, i consider myself lucky to still be alive. unfamiliar to freshers, there are many hidden dangers in the dirty corners of students accommodation.i have survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and lots of cases of food poisoning, probably from dirty kitchen counters. although some of my clothes have fallen victim to ironing experimentation, i think i have now finally acquired all the domestic (居家的) skills i missed out in my modem education.in 2006 and 2010, the charming educationist sir ken robinson gave two very amusing talks in which he discussed the importance of creativity in education. robinsons main viewpoint is that our current education system dislocates people from their natural talents. i would like to go a step further and propose that besides our talents, the system takes away what used to be passed from generation to generation a working knowledge of basic life skills.todays graduates may have earned themselves honor in history, law or economies, but when it comes to simple things like putting up a shelf to hold all their academic books, or fixing a hole in their on trend clothes, they have to call for help from a professional handyman or tailor.since the invention of the internet, it has never been easier for people to access information, but our highly specialized education has made us more one sided than ever.i suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of some of the most vital aspects of “domestic science” education, before the current lack leads to serious accidents in student halls.36people call us useless students for the reason that .awhat weve learned is beyond consumptionbwe are educated generationcweve entered higher educationdour living skills are so poor【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据were so well educated but were useless students who have lost the ability to do anything practical.被称为无用的学生是因为我们失去做事的能力，也是就是学生的生活技能是不好的，故选d。37which is not the incidents the writer had during the first few weeks in student halls?ahe was seriously burnt by boiled eggs.bhe was accidentally poisoned by food.che damaged his clothes while ironing.dhe was severely beaten by freshers. 【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据i have survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and lots of cases of food poisoning, probably from dirty kitchen counters. although some of my clothes have fallen victim to ironing experimentation,他经历了煮鸡蛋被烫伤，食物中毒还有衣服熨坏了等，只有选项d他被新生打了一顿没有提及，故选d。38according to robinsons opinion, our current education .afocuses on the importance if creativitybdislocates people from their natural talentschas equipped students with basic life skillsdhas followed the tradition properly【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据robinsons main viewpoint is that our current education system dislocates people from their natural talents.根据robinson的观点我们目前的教育阻止了人的天赋的发挥，故选b。39why are the graduates poor at basic life skills?abecause they are not interested in them.bbecause they have little relevant practice.cbecause they are affected by internet.dbecause they are easy to be one-sided.【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据the system takes away what used to be passed from generation to generation a working knowledge of basic life skills.这种教育制度使他们有更少的切实的实践，故选b。40the main purpose of writing the passage is that .athere is no need to introduce “domestic science”bits time we did something to current educationcmore attention should be paid to natural sciencedaccidents should be prevented in student halls【答案】b【解析】作者意图题。根据i suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of some of the most vital aspects of “domestic science” education,到了我们采取措施解决目前的教育情况的时候了。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东深圳市第二次调研考试】 since the beginning of the year, smog has covered parts of north china. in january, beijing saw only five days without smog. the rising pm 2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious, hospitals receive more patients suffering acute respiratory（呼吸系统）and heart diseases.later, news of polluted underground water in some provinces scared people who wondered whether the water they drink is safe.so the need to emphasize environmental protection while developing the economy is heard everywhere. smog especially is a common concern. like a popular online post said, air may be the only thing that is equal for everyone, despite your income or vocation. people with higher incomes are able to drink only bottled spring water and eat only organic food by paying higher prices, but they breathe the same air as everyone else. at a meeting on monday, many representatives have expressed their concerns about the air quality, too. one talked about his experience in beijing. “after taking a taxi from the capital airport to my hotel, which took about an hour, i washed my nose and found the inside of my nose was black. we should ask ourselves this question: why do we want to develop? its for living a better life. dirty air is definitely not a better life, he said. china needs to develop its economy and invest(投资) in high-tech. every chinese wants a strong country. but without blue sky, clean water and safe food, the achievements in the economy will become meaningless. space technologies are not to be developed for building a base on mars so that one day all human beings can migrate to the red planet because they have destroyed earth. what the public wants is a strong and beautiful china. president hu jintao spoke at the 18th party congress last november saying that great efforts must be made to promote ecological progress and build a beautiful china. the words have shown the central governments resolution to address the environment issue. 41the effect of smog doesnt include .athe rising of pm 2.5 readingsbmore people suffering diseasescthe increase of peoples incomedpatients increased in hospital【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据the rising pm 2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whe