Unit 3 Grammar and usage 课件.ppt

Unit3Grammarandusage课件 Whoarethey TheyareFeiJunlongandNieHaisheng Wecallthemgreatheroes objectobjectcomplement Payattentiontothefollowing 1 Theobjectcomplementgivesmoreinformationabuttheobject TheycalledtheyoungmanGreatHero 2 Anobjectcomplementalwaysoccursinthispattern verb object objectcomplement Theobjectcomplementcanoftenbeanounphraseoranadjective TheymadeYuTongmonitoroftheirclass Youmustkeeptheroomcleanallthetime 3 Sometimesato infinitiveorbareinfinitivecanbeanobjectcomplement I dlikeallofyoutoworkstillharder 4 Anobjectcomplementcanbeaprepositionalphrase Ifyoukeepthenewdressinhotwater thecolorswillrun 5 Anobjectcomplementcanalsobeapresentparticiplephraseorapastparticiplephrase Themostexcitingthingfortheoldmanwastowatchthechildrenplayinginthegarden Theytoldmetohavemycarrepairedassoonaspossible 6 Anobjectcomplementusuallyagreeswiththeobjectinnumber Afterthatpeoplecalledtheboyalittlehero Summary 1 Thefollowingverbsareoftenfollowedbyanobjectandanounoranounphraseasanobjectcomplement name call choose elect make e g WeelectedJohnchairmanofourclubaftertheformeroneretired Whenwewereworkingonthefarm weallcallIronOx 2 Thefollowingverbsareoftenfollowedbyanobjectandanadjectiveasanobjectcomplement make get keep find consider e g Thoughhedidnotmeantohurther yethisjokedidmakeherangry Aftermanyyearsofhardwork hefounditimpossibletocarryonwithhisexperiments 3 Thefollowingverbsareoftenfollowedbyato infinitiveasanobjectcomplement ask tell beg invite order advise warn want get wish expect persuade allow permit forbid help e g Sheaskedmetoanswerthequestionatonce Theteacherdidnotallowustotalktoeachotherinclass 4 Thefollowingverbsareoftenfollowedbyabareinfinitiveasanobjectcomplementhave make let help see hear watch notice find observe lookat listentoe g Inthatfactory thebossalwayshashisworkersworkmorethanfifteenhoursaday TheMostexcitingthingfortheoldmanwastowatchhisgrandchildrenplayinthegarden 5 Thefollowingverbsareoftenfollowedbyapresentparticipleasanobjectcomplement have keep get feel see hear watch find notice observe e g Aswegottothetopofthemountain wesawthesunrisingintheeast Somevillagersreportedthattheysawthemissingboyplayingneartherivertowardevening 6 Thefollowingverbsareoftenfollowedbyapastparticipleasanobjectcomplement have make get seefeel hear watch find e g WhenyouspeakEnglishyoushouldtryyourbesttomakeyourselfunderstood Iwassurprisedtofindmyroomthoroughlycleanedandeverythingarrangedingoodorder PleasegothroughLostcivilizationsagainandfindasmanysentenceswithanobjectcomplementasyoucan Examples Svenfoundtheremainsofbuildingsburiedunderthesand togetherwithalotoftreasures suchascoins paintedpots silkmaterials documentsandwallpaintings remainsofbuildingsistheobject andburiedunderthesandistheobjectcomplement whichgivesinformationaboutthesituationoftheobject Wefoundtheruinsmostinteresting theruinsistheobject andinterestingistheobjectcomplement whichgivesinformationabouttheobject ReadthenextexcerptfromAnn sdiaryentryonpage48anduseproperobjectcomplementstocompleteit Trytounderstandwhatthesephrasesintheboxmean PleasedoC1onpage108inyourWorkbooktopractisewhatyouhavelearntinthispart Either or neither nor Youmustpayattentionthateither or neither nor canconnectthecoordinatesubject verb objectandadverbialinsentences 1 ConnectingthecoordinatesubjectsEitheryourmotheroryourfather orbothyourparentscancomewithyou EitherTimorhisbrothershavetowaterthetreeseveryotherday NeitheryourauntnorIhaveanyotherthoughtbutwhatisthebestforyou Butneitherhisdaughternorhissonwouldlistentohissuggestions 2 Connectingthecoordinateobjects Atschoolwemayhaveeitherriceornoodlesforsuppereveryday Youmaychooseeitherphysicsorchemistryasyourmajor Theyhaveneithersteamheatnorrunningwater Iwon ttakeatripforIhaveneitherthetimenormoney 3 Connectingthecoordinatepredicatesorpredicative Eithergototheconcertorstayathome Don tgoanywhereelse fathershouted Thebooksthereareeitherbooksontravelordetectivenovels Thatisneithermyfaultnorhis Hewasneitherclevernorstupid butgoodenoughathiswork Onethirdofthemencouldneitherreadnorwrite 4 Connectingthecoordinateadverbialsorattributes Wearegoingtoreturntoourhometowneithertodayortomorrow Youmaytakeeithertheblueorthegreenone Thetwomenwalkedveryfast lookingneithertotherightnortotheleft Paulcameattherighttime neithertooearlynortoolate 5 Connectingthecoordinateclauses Eitheryoumustimproveyourwork orIwilldismissyou Eitheryoucutitout orweshallhavetowashourhandsofthewholebusiness 例1NotonlyIbutJaneandMary tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother A isB areC amD be 析 由 or either or neither nor not but notonly butalso 连接两个并列主语时 动词与靠近的主语保持一致 e g youorhetheteacherofEnglish Neithermysisternormymother presentatthemeeting A Are wasB Is wereC Are areD Is is 例2Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks tothenationasagift A isofferedB hasofferedC areofferedD haveoffered 析 一般说来 主语后带有with togetherwith aswellas alongwith inadditionto like including but ratherthan nolessthan等词语时 其谓语动词随主语 e g Themonitoraswellashisclassmateswasgivenarewardforworkinghard 例3Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory yet A isnotdecidedB arenotdecidedC hasnotdecidedD havenotdecided 析 当when和where加不定式指的是同一件事时 谓语动词用单数 不定式 动名词短语或从句作主语 谓语动词用单数 e gReadingaloudisveryimportantinlearningaforeignlanguage 例4Everyboyandeverygirl thateachdayandeachhourbrings duty A know theirB knows theirC knows itsD know its 析 every each no 单数名词 andevery each no 单数名词短语做主语 谓语动词用单数 e g NoteacherandnostudentagreestohaveclassesonSunday 例5Welivedaybyday butinthegreatthings thetimeofdaysandweeks sosmallthatadayisunimportant 2007湖南 A isB areC hasbeenD havebeen例6Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek goodforone shealth 2007江西 A show areB shows isC show isD shows are I 由and连接的名词作主语时 1 由and连接的两个不同概念的名词作主语时 动词要用复数 e g BothyouandIaregoingtoattendthemeeting WhenhewillgotoBJandhowhewillgotoBJhavenotbeendecidedyet 2 如果后面加作为插入语 谓语也用单数形式 e g Black andnotMary waschosenmonitor She andnotyou isgoingtospeakatthemeeting Allwork andnoplay hasmadeyouafool 3 以manya或morethanone修饰的单数名词后面的谓语用单数形式 但其意义是复数性的 e g Manyaboyisfondofplayingfootball Morethanonestudentenjoysfolk music 注 在以each every no修饰的并列主语中的两个名词前不能加冠词 如果并列的两个名词前分别加定冠词变成复数概念 此时 放在后面作同位语 动词仍用复数形式 e g Theboyandthegirlwereeachgivenanapple 4 当and连接的为同一人 事或概念时 这时and后的名词前没有冠词 其动词用单数 e g Thesingerandcomposeriscomingtoourschool Breadandbutterisoftenservedforbreakfast PorkandChinesecabbageisoneofmyfavouritedishes 常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有 theneedleandthread saltandwater thefolkandknife soapandwater ironandsteel awatchandchain thebreadandbutter truthandhonesty acupandsaucer 茶托 等 II 当主语后面接说明主语的修饰词或插入语时 谓语动词的数不受修饰成分的影响 仍与主语一致 常见的有 with alongwith togetherwith aswellas like nolessthan ratherthan morethan asmuchas but except besides including等 e g Bamboo likeatree growstallandstraight Thehouse includingthegardenandthegarage wassoldout III 当集合名词做主语时 根据句子内容 谓语动词既可是单数 也可是复数 常用人的集合名词有 group class team family nation army audience crowd public governmente g Myfamilyisahappyfamily Myfamilyalllovemusic Theaudiencewasingoodorder 指整体状态 Theaudienceweregreatlyencouraged 指具体的人 注 有些集合名词如people cattle等在任何情况下都与复数形式搭配 IV 就近原则 以连词or either or nor neither nor notonly but also 连接的名词或代词作主语时 谓语与其相邻的保持一致 e g Amongtheboys oneortwoareabletojump1 6metres Thereisabed atableandtwochairsinherroom V 以某些 不定代词或表示数量的词 of 名词 结构 谓语形式要与of后边的名词保持一致 70percentofthesurfaceiscoveredwithwater 70percentofthefarmershaveimprovedtheirlivingconditions Therestofhisjourneywaspleasant Therestofthegirlsarefondofmusic Allofyourworkiswelldone Allofyouranswersarecorrect 注意 1 oneof 复数名词 单 谓语 如 Oneofthestudentsisfromthesouth 2 oneof 复数名词 定语从句 从句动词用复数 如 Heisoneoftheboyswhoarereadytohelpothers 3 the only oneof 名词 复数 定语从句 从句中谓语动词用单数 表示众多中只有一个 如 Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhocomesearly 4 anumberof和thenumberofe g Thenumberofthestudentsintheschoolis1 250 Anumberofstudentsarewaitingoutsidethegate VI the adj 分词或数词 结构起名词作用时 如果这个结构表示的是一类人 谓语动词用复数形式 如果这个结构表示抽象概念 或具体的某个人 谓语用单数形式 e g Theoldarebeingtakengoodcareof Thereisanoldmanandayoungmanintheroomnow Theoldisthefatheroftheyoung Theunexpectedwasnotpreventedinthosedays VII 表示重量 距离 金钱 一段时间及由oneandahalf修饰的复数名词作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 e g Twentydollarsisn tenoughtobuythebook Tenmilesisn tlong Fivetimesfiveistwenty five Oneandahalfapplesislyingontheplate Pleasemakethebestchoice 1 Doyouknow A whatisthepolicelookingforB whatarethepolicelookingforC whatthepolicearelookingforD whatthepoliceislookingfor2 he Ifinishedtheexperiment A Haveneither norB Hasneither norC Haveneither orD Haveeither or 3 Theold welllookedafterbythegovernmentinChina A isB areC hasbeenD was4 Thesecretaryandmanager verybusynow A isB areC hasbeenD were 5 Boththesecretaryandthemanager agreedtoattendthemeeting A hasB haveC areD is6 Duringtheholidayseverytrainandship crowded A areB wereC wasD has7 Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmates invitedtotheparty A wasB wereC havebeenD hadbeen8 Mostofhissparetime spentinreading A areB wereC wasD havebeen 9 Tenthousanddollars quitealargesum A areB isC hasD have10 About20percentofthework doneyesterday A areB isC wereD was11 TheUnitedStates foundedin1776 A wasB isC wereD are 12 Thispairofshoes madeinourfactory A isB areC havebeenD hadbeen13 Nooneexceptmyparents anythingaboutit A knowB knowsC isknowingD haveknown14 Anumberofstudents fromthesouth A areB isC haveD has15 Thenumberofstudentsfromthesouth small A areB isC haveD has 16 Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentsinourclasswho toschoolonfoot A goB goesC havegoneD aregoing17 ItisnotIwho wrong A isB areC amD hasbeen18 Hesaidthathisfamily allverywell A areB wereC isD was19 Oneandahalf