贵州省仁怀市高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解练习（六）.doc

贵州仁怀市2017高考英语阅读理解一轮练习阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。“children should not be left unsupervised(无人监督的)to play with a dog. ”say experts in this weeks british medical journal. their advice is part of a review aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites. “dog bites and maulings are a worldwide problem, particularly in children. ”write marina morgan and john palmer. every year 250, 000 people who have been bitten by dogs attend minor injuries and emergency units in the united kingdom, and half of all children are reportedly bitten by dogs at some time, boys more than girls. accurate death figures are difficult to obtain, but in the past five years, two to three cases a year have made news headlines. based on the latest medical evidence, they advise doctors how to examine and treat a patient presenting with a dog bite. they discuss the risk of infection and when to refer to specialist care. for travelers bitten abroad, they suggest assessing the risk of rabies(狂犬病). in terms of prevention, they suggest that children should be taught to treat dogs with respect, avoid direct eye contact, and not tease them. they should be taught not to approach an unfamiliar dog; play with any dog unless under close supervision; run or scream in the presence of a dog; pet a dog without first letting it sniff you; or disturb a dog that is eating, sleeping, or caring for puppies. “dog owners also need to change their behavior”, says rachel besser, a childrens doctor and lifetime dog owner, in an article. “it is clear that not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog”, she says. just as some parents are obliged to take parenting classes, she would like to see compulsive classes for expectant dog owners to teach them about the responsibilities of dog ownership. educational programs are also needed to teach children about some precautionary behaviors around dogs. finally, she would like to see vets advising dog owners about bite prevention, and doctors promoting bite prevention when treating patients who have been bitten by dogs. 【文章大意】狗咬人, 尤其是狗咬小孩的现象尤其需要引起关注, 为此, 需要采取一定的措施。1. dog biting studied by the experts is a problem. a. doctors dealing with dog bites should pay attention tob. happening only to a few children of the worldc. only boys may meet withd. about which experts get accurate statistics from the news headlines【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据第一段“their advice is part of a review aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites. ”可知, 专家所研究的狗咬人的问题也应该是相关医生应给予重视的问题, 故答案选a项。2. the underlined word“they”in paragraph 4 refers to“”. a. doctorsb. parentsc. expertsd. dog owners【解析】选c。词义猜测题。根据“based on the latest medical evidence”再结合第一段专家的讲话可推断, 他们是指研究狗咬人这一问题的专家们, 故选c项。3. what are rachel bessers words mainly about? a. all the dog owners would like children not to be left unsupervised with a dog. b. all the dog owners have a correct behavior toward dogs. c. not all dog owners appreciate that children should be left with dogs under supervision. d. not all dog owners should attend classes about the responsibilities of dog ownership. 【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据第七段“it is clear that not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog”可知, 雷切尔医生认为, 并非所有的狗的主人都认为孩子们和狗在一起的时候要有大人的照看。由此判断选c项。4. which of the following can be the best title for the passage? a. dogs, dangerous to childrenb. children should know behaviors around dogsc. doctors, treat dog bites correctlyd. never leave children unsupervised with dogs【解析】选d。主旨大意题。狗咬人, 尤其是狗咬小孩的现象比较严重, 那么如何避免狗咬小孩呢? 这才是本文的写作重点, 而只有d项更能说明此问题, 故正确答案选d项。社会文化（阅读理解）由 (2013陕西,c)改编according to sociologists(社会学家),every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶层).class,power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society.class means a persons economic position in society.a commonly used classification is lower class,middle class and upper class.while sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined,they do describe societies like the united states quite well.one study shows that 53% of americans belong to the lower class,46% the middle class,and 1% the upper class.interestingly,a surgeon earning $500,000 a year and a bus driver earning$50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.obviously,people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise(行使)big power,but people who take orders from others have less power.power and class do not always go hand in hand,however.for example,the governor of a state has great power,but he or she may not belong to a corresponding(相应的)economic class.generally,however,there is a relationship between power and class.to our knowledge,there arent too many people who arent millionaires in the u.s.senate!status is the honor or respect attached to a persons position in society.it can also be affected by power and class,but not necessarily so.for example,a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.1.what can we learn about “the middle class” from paragraph 2?()a.people earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class.b.nearly half americans belong to the middle class.c.people generally consider bus drivers as the middle class.d.sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.2.according to the text,we know that .a.power and class do not always correspond with each otherb.status refers to a persons economic position in societyc.people with high status have a lot of control over othersd.class is less important in deciding a persons social rank3.which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?()语篇解读:这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在现代工业社会中的阶级、权力以及社会地位的不同含义及相互之间的关系。答案及剖析:1.b细节理解题。根据第二段中的“one study shows that 53% of americans belong to the lower class,46% the middle class,and 1% the upper class.”可知,将近一半的美国人属于中产阶级。故b项正确。2.a细节理解题。根据第三段中的“power and class do not always go hand in hand”以及后面所举的例子可知,权力和阶级并不总是一致的。3.a篇章结构题。通读全文可知,文章首先在第一段总述了“class,power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society.”然后分别在第二、三、四段说明了class,power以及status的含义及划分,故文章为“总分”结构。故答案为a。【疑难词汇解读】 1.regard sb.as将某人认为是she is widely regarded as the current leaders natural successor.人们普遍认为她是现任领导的当然继承者。2.hand in hand密切关联wealth and power go hand in hand in most societies.在大多数社会里,财富和权力都是密切相关的。【长难句子分析】 interestingly,状语 a surgeon (earning$500,000 a year)后置定语并列主语 and a bus driver (earning$50,000 a year)后置定语both并列主语 regard谓语 themselves宾语 asthe middle class!宾语补足语有趣的是,年薪50万美元的外科医生和年薪5万美元的公交车司机都称自己为中产阶级。【2014联合模拟】although man has known asbestos for many hundreds of years, it was not until 160 years ago that it was mined for the first time on the north american continent. h. w. johns, owner of a new york city supply shop for roofers, was responsible for the opening of that first mine.mr. johns was given a piece of asbestos which had been found in italy. he experimented with the material and then showed its surprising powers to his customers. after putting on a pair of asbestos gloves, which looked much like ordinary work gloves, he took red-hot coals from the fireplace and played with them in his hands. how astonished the customers were to discover that he was not burned at all. you can well imagine that he had increasing business in asbestos roofing materials. however, because it was very expensive to transport them from italy to the united states, mr. johns sent out a young scientist to seek a source nearer home. this young man found great vein(岩脉), in the province of quebec in canada.ever since 1881 quebec has led the world in the production of this unusual mineral, which is made up of magnesium, silicon, iron, and oxygen. when it is mined, the asbestos is heavy, just as you would expect a mineral to be. when it is separated, a strange thing happens; the rock breaks down into fine, soft, soapy fibers. scientists do not know why the rock can be separated easily into threads, but they have found thousands of uses of this fireproof material, of the so-called “cloth of stone”.52. which title best expresses the main idea of this passage?a. asbestos mined in canada b. fireproof matterc. a “wonder” mineral d. a new roofing material53. johns proved his ability as a salesman by_.a. going into roofing business b. carrying asbestos from italyc. sending a trained scientist d. showing the use of asbestos gloves54. which is the most important character of asbestos that the author wants to show us? a. it is like thread. b. it feels soapy.c. it burns easily. d. it is unusually heavy.55. the authors main purpose in writing this passage was to _.a. show the need for more scientists b. compare asbestos with other mineralsc. increase the sales of asbestos d. present facts about asbestos【参考答案】5255、cdad阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c、d）中，选出最佳选项。 【2014模拟冲刺试题】 computer games have been criticised for quite some time over a whole range of issues. some people say they are overly violent and encourage violent behaviour particularly in children. others say that they make children unsociable and are bad for their eyes. some have even attributed falling standards of literacy and a lack of interest in reading on them. now, however, it seems that computer games have also become a feminist(女权主义者) issue. game manufacturers have, for some time, been looking to increase the number of female game players. the vast majority of computer games still sell to a mainly male market. perhaps this is because the violent nature of many of the games appeals more to males or perhaps because many of the main characters in the games are male. manufacturers attempts to produce more female characters increase their share of the female gaming market which has met with serious criticism from many womens groups. while heroines(女英雄) such as lara croft of the tomb raider game are seen as providing positive role models of strong women, many believe that the characters unrealistic barbies are subconsciously setting unattainable standards in the minds of young women. perhaps a stronger criticism is that although many games now include female characters, their role is often secondary and they support the main, male, action characters within the games. of course the nature of many of the games remains violent and destructive and this in itself could well continue to put off female gamers. there are now, however, a number of web sites springing up on the world wide web to help women deal with this issue. sites such as game girlz, women gamers and game gal offer game reviews, articles, discussion forums and even employment opportunities for women interested in becoming part of the rapidly expanding games industry. the games are reviewed by women from a very female perspective. some rate the games from one to ten across a range of criteria which include the appearance of the female characters, the degree of intelligence attributed to them in the game and even the marketing attitude adopted by the company. the sites are obviously looking for games that move away from the very male dominated and violent nature of the majority of computer games. many of them review games that are more constructive and developmental. although the common fantasy themes of knights(骑士), witches and goblins（妖精） still exist within these games, the aims are often very different. instead of destroying opposing armies，the aim of the game can be to make peace with them. with this increased degree of awareness and involvement from women in the games industry many positive changes could be made that could encourage more women and young girls to become enthusiastic about technology. perhaps we may even find more male gamers moving away from the traditional violent and destructive games towards the more positive values promoted by these more feminine role models, after all tomb raider is still on