重庆市高考英语 阅读理解选编27.doc

重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（27）【2016模拟题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。 (2015辽宁省重点中学协作体三模)most artists have a favorite material they like to work with.for 28yearold kristen alice, it happens to be garbage.the ecofriendly designer uses her incredible talent to transform garbage like empty drink bottles and candy wrappers into charming dresses that sell for thousands of dollars.kristen says the idea came to her after she saw how much waste she and her three college roommates generated on a daily basis.the fine arts student began to dream about transforming the deserted bags and packages into beautiful garments.her first dress made from plastic bags and rolled magazines was strange, fun and even charming.however, she only made it to test her creativity.the young designer did not consider starting a commercial venture(企业)until she spent a week working at couture fashion week in new york city.there she observed the excitement generated by new and vintage(复古的)looks and decided to see if her unusual idea would result in as much enthusiasm.she began by creating a line of 12 garbageinspired dresses.they were a huge success.today her company that has offices in palm beach, florida and new york city, produces a wide variety of dresses ranging from cocktail dresses to ball gowns (礼服)kristen, of course, doesnt search garbage cans for her material anymore.instead, she seeks it from companies that have produced more than they need and are planning to throw away the extras.however, if you think the garbageinspired dresses come cheap, think again.the price for readymade creations retails(零售)from $500 to $1,500.though that may appear expensive, the designer says she has no shortage of customers.in fact she now even has garbageinspired clothing for men that includes jackets, ties, trousers and even board shorts! while most of the clothes are strong enough to resist multiple wears, whether they can be cleaned is a little unclear.文章大意：这是一篇新闻报道类文章。作者主要介绍了时装设计者kristen将垃圾作为服装的材料并取得的巨大成功。1what made kristen think of using trash as her favorite material?aher poor living conditions at college.bthe education from her parents not to waste anything useful.cher roommates advice of using garbage to replace ordinary material.dher consciousness of environmental protection and trained eyes.答案：d推理判断题。根据文章第二段的kristen says the idea came to her after she saw how much waste she and her three college roommates generated on a daily basis可知是她的环境保护意识和有教养的眼光使她想起将垃圾作为她最喜欢的制作衣服的材料。故选d。2kristen decided to start a commercial venture because _.ashe just wanted to test her creativitybshe was inspired by the enthusiasm caused by new and vintage dressescshe was driven by the huge profits brought by new fashiondshe found there were no uniquelooking but affordable clothes in new york答案：b细节理解题。根据题干关键词start a commercial venture找到文章对应段落就是第四段，根据该段的第一、二句话the young designer did not consider starting a commercial venture(企业)until she spent a week working at couture fashion week in new york city.there she observed the excitement generated by new and vintage(复古的)looks and decided to see if her unusual idea would result in as much enthusiasm中的关键词enthusiasm和excitement以及new and vintage(复古的)looks可知选b。3the last two paragraphs are mainly about _.athe success of kristens careerbthe advantages and disadvantages of the garbageinspired clothingcwhat clothing kristen mainly designeddwhere kristen got garbage for her clothing答案：a主旨大意题。通读文章最后两段，并根据第四段的最后一句话they were a huge success这是kristen开始成功，接下来最后两段就主要叙述了她取得的职业生涯的一系列成功。故选a。4what is the best title of the passage?anew use of garbageba new trend of fashionca talented and ambitious fashion designerdtransforming trash into wonderful garments答案：d细节理解题。new use of garbage垃圾的新用途；a new trend of fashion时装新潮流；a talented and ambitious fashion designer有天赋的且有雄心的时装设计者；transforming trash into wonderful garments将垃圾转换成美妙的服装。通读全文，特别是根据文章的最后一段可知krsiten将人类的这个梦想转变成现实，让垃圾成为美妙的服装。故选d。.阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014江西省南昌两校高三上学期第四次联考】the american newspaper publisher arthur sulzberger sr died at the age of 86.mr sulzberger led the new york times for more than three decades，before passing the business to his son.he took over the paper in 1963 when it was in financial trouble，and transformed it into the heart of a multibillion dollar media empire.his family announced he had died at his home in southampton，new york state，after a long illness.his son，arthur sulzberger jr，said in a statement that his father，whom he referred to by his childhood nickname of punch，was “one of our industrys most admired executives”“punch，the old marine captain who never backed down from a fight，was an absolutely fierce defender of the freedom of the press，” he said.the new york times was bought by mr sulzberger srs grandfather adolph ochs in 1896.during mr sulzbergers tenure，the new york times won 31 pulitzer prizes.born in new york city,5 february 1926，sr served in marine corps during world war and korean war，joined the new york times in 1951 after graduating from columbia college，took over as publisher in 1963 after his brotherinlaw died suddenly，stepped down in 1997 and passed stewardship to his son，arthur sulzberger jr.he oversaw a huge circulation boost at the paper，and increased its parent companys annual revenues (年收入) from $100m in 1963 to $1.7bn by the time he stepped down in 1997.he also led the paper through highlevel clashes with the political establishment.in 1971，the times published a series of stories saying that politicians had systematically lied over the us involvement in vietnam.the source was thousands of leaked government documents known as the pentagon papers.the nixon administration demanded that the paper stop publishing the stories on grounds of national security.but the paper refused，and then won the subsequent court case by arguing that the first amendment of the us constitution (宪法) guaranteed free speech.the case is seen as a landmark in the history of free speech in the us.mr sulzberger said he read more than 7,000 pages of the pentagon papers before personally deciding to publish them.his family still holds a controlling stake (控股权) in the new york times.he was a strong believer in family ownership of newspapers.he once joked：“my conclusion is simple.nepotism works.”1when did arthur sulzberger sr die?ain 1997.bin 2012.cin 1963.din 1971.2punch，the old marine captain was actually_.aarthur sulzberger jrbadolph ochscarthur sutzberger srs fatherdarthur sulzberger sr3which of the following is true according to the passage?aarthur sulzberger sr took over the new york times from his brotherinlaw.barthur sulzberger jrs grandfather bought the new york times.carthur sulzberger sr resigned when the new york times was in financial trouble.darthur sulzberger jr took over the new york times after graduating from columbia college.4in the political case in the 1970s，mr sulzberger_.afailed the case in the endblost the controlling stake in the new york timescgave in to the governmentd succeeded in guarding free speech of the paper5what does the underlined word “nepotism” probably refer to?afriendship.bpolitics.cfamily ownershipdfreedom of speech.语篇解读本文介绍了纽约时报前总裁arthur sulzberger sr的生平。1解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句中的“arthur sulzberger sr died at the age of 86” 和第四段第一句中的“born in new york city,5 february 1926”可知，他出生于1926年，去世时86岁，由此可知他在2012年去世。答案：b2解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“his son，arthur sulzberger jr，said in a statement that his father，whom he referred to by his childhood nickname of punch，was one of our industrys most admired executives”可知punch，the old marine captain指arthur sulzberger sr。答案：d3解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“sr served in marine corps.took over as publisher in 1963 after his brotherinlaw died suddenly”可知，a项正确。b项中的“arthur sulzberger jrs grandfather”错误；根据第一段最后一句可知c项错误；根据第四段可知d项错误。答案：a4解析：考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“national security.but the paper refused，and then won the subsequent court case”可知，d项符合题意。答案：d5解析：考查词义猜测。根据画线词前面的“he was a strong believer in family ownership of newspapers.”可推测，画线词指的应是family ownership。答案：c。（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。masses of floating ice are so large that they dwarf_your_ship，making you question whether your ship still can be spotted among such floating mountains.they are so improbable looking that you simply look in wonder.it seems that nothing that large could be naturaland then it strikes you that something so large could only be natural.now，people realize that as climate change is raising global temperatures，more icebergs are being born.antarctica creates far more of them than greenland，the source of bergs in arctic waters.antarcticas are also much larger，sometimes reaching the size of small countries.recent data show the average atmospheric temperature has increased about 4.5 in the western antarctic peninsula since the 1940s，making the region，among the fastest warming on earth.this jump has been shown in the recent breaking of major ice shelves along the antarctic peninsula.as a result，thousands of new icebergs have broken off，from ice shelves into the southern ocean at an accelerated rate.even as more icebergs are being created，scientists are learning that they are far from inactive masses of ice.in fact，they strikingly alter their environments biologically，chemically，and physically，making them islands of life in the open sea.observers at sea have long remarked that they attract seals，and seabirds，and divers have noticed that fish are more numerous near them than in the surrounding sea.now scientists are learning just what the attraction is all about.depending on their size，location，and the season，icebergs can be nurturers (培养者) or destroyers.during their existencetypically years from breaking off from an antarctic or greenlandic glacier to their gradual melting as they float into lower altitudes，they support animals on，around，even inside their splendid ice castle.they fertilize the ocean with nutrients，increasing sea creature production.grounded bergs can shelter areas of the seafloor，protecting bottomliving creatures from freefloating icebergs.however，large bergs can also trap sea ice，preventing its annual breakup and thus stopping phytoplankton (浮游植物) from getting lifegiving sunlight，breaking the food chain at its first link.icebergs will continue to astonish and attract visitors to the polar regions.but now these frozen large masses are taking on a new dimension of wonder as we uncover their vital role in the environment of polar seas.no longer can we look at icebergs as mere passive white mountains floating in the sea.they are active agents of change，each one is an icy oasis with awake of life as it floats on its unstoppable oceanic journey to melting.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，介绍了随着全球气温不断上升，冰山数量不断增多。冰山的增多从生物、化学、物理等多个方面改变着环境，对海洋既有利也有弊。1why does the author mention “dwarf_your_ship” in the first paragraph?ato explain how natural icebergs are.bto show how powerful icebergs are.c.to describe icebergs as floating ships.dto tell the unbelievable size of icebergs.答案d2what can we learn from the passage?athe temperature in arctic is rising faster than that in antarctica.bthe ocean food chain breaks due to the melting of icebergs.cfloating icebergs help shelter bottomliving ocean creatures.dglobal warming has kept bringing icebergs into being.答案d3from the passage we can conclude that icebergs can _apreserve ocean creaturesbcarry ocean nutrients awayccreate a warm polar environmentdkeep sea animals away from polar seas答案a4what is the authors attitude toward icebergs?acautious. bobjective.cdoubtful. ddisapproving.答案b阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013合肥市二模，d)it is a tall tale that terrifies most young children. swallow a piece of chewing gum and it will remain in your body for seven years before it is digested. an even worse tale is that swallowed gum can wrap itself around your heart.but what does happen if you should accidentally eat a stick of gum? chewing gum is made out of gum base, sweeteners, coloring and flavoring. the gum base is pretty indigestibleit is a mixture of different ingredients (成分) that our body cant absorb.most of the time, your stomach really cannot break down the gum the way it would break down other foods. however, your digestive system has another way to deal with things you swallow. after all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. they keep moving along until they make it all the way through the gut (肠子) and come out at the other end one or two days later.the saliva (唾液) in our mouths will make an attempt at digesting chewing gum as soon as we put it in our mouths. it might get through the shell but many of gums base ingredients are indigestible. its then down to our stomach muscleswhich contract and relax, much like the way an earthworm movesto slowly force the things that we swallow through our systems.swallowing a huge piece of gum or swallowing many small pieces of gum in a short time