学术英语 综合Unit 1ppt课件.pptx

学术英语综合 AcademicEnglish AnIntegratedCourse 1 WhatisEAP EnglishforAcademicPurposes EAP 内容 教材分为 学术英语 综合 人文 理工 社科等 我们的课程分为读学科主题文章 听专业相关讲座 练学术口语 写学科专业论文以及做学科相关研究等环节 目标 训练对信息的获取 分析 整合 利用能力 提高学生撰写学期论文及学术论文的技能 帮助学生过度到专业双语课程及全英课程学习 全面培养学生的学业能力 思辨创新能力和解决实际问题的学术研究能力 2 3 Unit1Economics UnitContents Unitobjectives TextA TextB TextC Academiclanguageanddiscourse Listening Speaking Writing 4 Unit1Economics UnitObjectives 1 ProfessionalKnowledgeGetacquaintedwithsomeimportanteconomicconcepts e g theinvisiblehand signalingtheory antitrustlaw comparativeadvantage etc 2 ReadingSummarizethemainideasofatextandidentifyessentialsupportingpointsUnderstanddifficultsentences e g sentenceswithabstractmeaningorambiguousreference Analyzecomplexorcontroversialissuescritically e g monopoly freemarketvs governmentregulation etc 5 Unit1Economics UnitObjectives 3 ListeningMakepredictionsaboutthecontentofalecture4 SpeakingAskforinformationandclarificationinapoliteandeffectivewayLearntodointerviewsandreportthefindingsinanoralpresentation5 WritingUnderstandwhatkindoftopicissuitableandmanageableforatermpaper 6 Unit1Economics UnitObjectives 6 ResearchingIndependentlylocateandstudyavarietyofresources articles books videos etc toknowmoreabouttheMicrosoftcase7 AcademiclanguageanddiscourseKnowwhatisspecializedvocabularyandacquiresomespecializedvocabularyofeconomicsUnderstandthefunctionsofparentheticalstatementsComprehendstylisticdifferencesbetweenformalandinformalEnglishandacquiresomeformalexpressions 7 Unit1Economics TextALead in HowdoyoucelebrateSpringFestival Writedownyouractivitiesinthetableinthetextbookandanalyzewhoseskillandlaborarerequiredtomaketheseactivitiespossible Shareyouranswerswithyourpartneranddiscussthefollowingquestions What sthepowerthatleadspeopletoworkandcooperate Whatdoyouunderstandabouteconomiclifefromthetable 8 Unit1Economics CulturalPoints 1 Contributeasmuchaspossiblewhatyouknowaboutthefollowing ThanksgivingAdamSmiththeinvisiblehand 9 Unit1Economics TextASupplementaryinformation 1 ThanksgivingItisanannualnationalholidayintheU S andCanada AmericanscelebrateThanksgivingonthefourthThursdayofNovember honoringtheearlyPlymouthsettlersandtheirharvestfeast TheycommonlytracetheThanksgivingholidaytoa1621celebrationatthePlymouthPlantation wherethePlymouthsettlersheldaharvestfeastafterasuccessfulseason Althoughprayersandthankswereprobablyofferedatthe1621harvestgathering thefirstrecordedreligiousThanksgivinginPlymouthhappenedtwoyearslaterin1623 Onthisoccasion thecolonistsgavethankstoGodforrainafteranearlycatastrophicdrought 10 Unit1Economics TextASupplementaryinformation 2 TheinvisiblehandTheinvisiblehandisametaphorusedbyAdamSmithtodescribethenaturalforcethatguidesfreemarketcapitalismthroughcompetitionforscarceresources Thegeneralideaisthatindividualspursuingself interestendupdoingwhatisbestforsocietyasifguidedbyaninvisiblehand Forexample whenthepriceofsomethingincreasesduetohigherdemandorlowersupply morepeoplewillstartproducingit Thisisdoneoutofself interest butitalsobenefitssociety Asawholeitwillmakethegoodsavailabletomorepeopleaswellasloweringthepriceagain 11 Unit1Economics AdamSmith 16June1723 17July1790 wasaScottishmoralphilosopher pioneerofpoliticaleconomy andkeyScottishEnlightenmentfigure Smithisbestknownfortwoclassicworks TheTheoryofMoralSentiments 1759 andAnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations 1776 Thelatter usuallyabbreviatedasTheWealthofNations isconsideredthefirstmodernworkofeconomics Smithiscitedasthe fatherofmoderneconomics andisstillamongthemostinfluentialthinkersinthefieldofeconomicstoday 12 Unit1Economics TextAOverview 1 SummarizethemainideasofTextA 2 DoTask1 Criticalreadingandthinking UsethelaborandskillsbehindtheThanksgivingweekendasexamplestoillustratetheconceptof theinvisiblehand Echothebeginning emphasizingweshouldbegratefultothemiracleonthisThanksgivingDayandeveryday 13 Givingthanksforthe invisiblehand 1 GRATITUDETOTHEALMIGHTYisthethemeofThanksgiving andhasbeeneversincethePilgrimsofPlymouthbroughtintheirfirstgoodharvest Today inmillionsofhomesacrossthenation Godwillbethankedformanygifts forthefeastonthetableandthecompanyoflovedones forhealthandgoodfortuneintheyeargoneby forpeaceathomeinatimeofwar fortheincalculableprivilegeofhavingbeenborn orhavingbecome American 14 2 Butitprobablywon toccurtotoomanyofustogivethanksforthefactthatthelocalsupermarkethadplentyofturkeyforsalethisweek Eventhedevoutaren tlikelytothankGodforairlineschedulesthatmadeitpossibleforsomeofthoselovedonestoflyhomeforThanksgiving OrforthearrivalofMasterandCommanderatthelocalmovietheaterintimefortheholidayweekend Orforthatgreatcranberry applepierecipeinthefoodsectionofthenewspaper 15 3 Thosethingswetakemoreorlessforgranted IthardlytakesamiracletoexplainwhygrocerystoresstockuponturkeybeforeThanksgiving orwhyHollywoodreleasesbigmoviesintimeforbigholidays That swhattheydo WhereisGodinthat 4 Andyet isn ttheresomethingwondrous somethingalmostinexplicable inthewayyourThanksgivingweekendismadepossiblebytheskillandlaborofvastnumbersoftotalstrangers 16 5 Tobringthatturkeytothediningroomtable forexample requiredtheeffortsofthousandsofpeople thepoultryfarmerswhoraisedthebirds ofcourse butalsothefeeddistributorswhosuppliedtheirnourishmentandthetruckerswhobroughtittothefarm nottomentionthearchitectwhodesignedthehatchery theworkmenwhobuiltit andthetechnicianswhokeepitrunning Thebirdhadtobeslaughteredanddefeatheredandinspectedandtransportedandunloadedandwrappedandpricedanddisplayed Thepeoplewhoaccomplishedthosetasksweresupportedinturnbyarmiesofotherpeopleaccomplishingothertasks fromrefiningthegasolinethatfueledthetruckstomanufacturingtheplasticinwhichthemeatwaspackaged 17 6 Theactivitiesofcountlessfar flungmenandwomenoverthecourseofmanymonthshadtobeintricatelychoreographedandpreciselytimed sothatwhenyoushoweduptobuyafreshThanksgivingturkey therewouldbeone ormorelikely afewdozen waiting Thelevelofcoordinationthatwasrequiredtopullitoffismind boggling Butwhatisevenmoremind bogglingisthis Noonecoordinatedit 18 7 Noturkeyczarsatinacommandpostsomewhere consultingamasterplanandissuingorders Noonerodeherdonallthosepeople forcingthemtocooperateforyourbenefit Andyettheydidcooperate Whenyouarrivedatthesupermarket yourturkeywasthere Youdidn thavetodoanythingbutshowuptobuyit Ifthatisn tamiracle whatshouldwecallit 19 8 AdamSmithcalledit theinvisiblehand themysteriouspowerthatleadsinnumerablepeople eachworkingforhisowngain topromoteendsthatbenefitmany Outoftheseemingchaosofmillionsofuncoordinatedprivatetransactionsemergesthespontaneousorderofthemarket Freehumanbeingsfreelyinteract andtheresultisanarrayofgoodsandservicesmoreimmensethanthehumanmindcancomprehend Nodictator nobureaucracy nosupercomputerplansitinadvance Indeed themoreaneconomyisplanned themoreitisplaguedbyshortages dislocation andfailure 20 9 Thesocialorderoffreedom likethewealthandtheprogressitmakespossible isanextraordinarygiftfromabove OnthisThanksgivingDayandoneveryday maywebegrateful JeffJacobyisacolumnistforTheBostonGlobe 21 Unit1Economics TextAIn depthanalysis 2 FocusonsomeofthedifficultsentencesinTextAbydoingTask2 Criticalreadingandthinking 3 HaveagroupdiscussionaboutthequestionsinTask3 Criticalreadingandthinking 22 Unit1Economics TextBTextAnalysis Whatiscasestudy Acasestudyisadescriptiveorexplanatoryanalysisofaperson grouporunit Anexplanatorycasestudy e g Case1 TextB isusedtoexplorecausationinordertofindunderlyingprinciples 23 Unit1Economics TextBTextAnalysis 2 Howdoyouunderstandthetitle Giftsassignals Signalingtheoryisusefulfordescribingbehaviorwhentwopartieshaveaccesstodifferentinformation Typically thesignalsenderchooseswhetherandhowtocommunicatecertaininformation whilethereceiverchooseshowtointerpretthesignal Signalingtheorytacklesafundamentalproblemofcommunicationandappliesinvariousareas 24 Unit1Economics Backin1974 NobellaureateMichaelSpenceintroducedthenotionofsignalingineconomicthinking Spencedevelopedthetheoryofsignalingtoshowhowbetter informedindividualsinthemarketcommunicatetheirinformationtotheless well informedtoavoidtheproblemsassociatedwithadverseselection TextBTextAnalysis 25 Unit1Economics 3 Workingroupsof4 5todiscussthequestionsinTask1 CriticalReadingandThinking TextB 4 ReadCase2quicklyandtrytosummarizethemainideaofCase2onthebasisofTask2 CriticalReadingandThinking TextB TextBTextAnalysis 26 Unit1Economics TextBTextAnalysis Internetbrowser Windowsoperatingsystem deter enteringthemarketandofferingnewproducts carstodayincludemanybuilt inproducts monopoly reliable easiertouse 80 severelylimited changing competitors low 27 Unit1Economics TextBResearching FormintoteamstodothetaskinResearching TextB Withineachteam thereare facilitator ThinkaboutthewholegroupandmanagethetaskMakesureeveryonefeelsincludedandhasajobtodobeforeandduringthediscussion Presideovertheclassroomdiscussion recorder Makenotesofthegroupdiscussion Workwiththereporter whowillhavetoreadfromthenotes reporter Summarizeandpresenttheresultstotheclass Speakonbehalfofthegroup 28 Unit1Economics TextBSupplementaryinformation MicrosoftcaseUnitedStatesv MicrosoftCorporationisanantitrustlawcase Itwasinitiatedin1998bytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofJustice DOJ and20states Inthiscase Microsoftwasaccusedofabusingmonopolypower andthecentralissuewaswhetherMicrosoftwasallowedtobundleInternetExplorerwithitsoperatingsystem MicrosoftclaimedthatMicrosoftWindowsandInternetExplorerwereinherentlylinkedtogetherandthemergingofthetwowastheresultofinnovation ThecasewasultimatelysettledbyDOJ 29 Unit1Economics TextBSupplementaryinformation MicrosoftcaseTheproposedsettlementrequiredMicrosofttoshareitsapplicationprogramminginterfaceswiththird partycompaniesandappointapanelofthreepeoplewhowillhavefullaccesstoMicrosoft ssystems records andsourcecodeforfiveyearsinordertoensurecompliance 20 However theDOJdidnotrequireMicrosofttochangeanyofitscodenorpreventMicrosoftfromtyingothersoftwarewithWindowsinthefuture 30 Unit1Economics Contributewhatyouknowaboutthefollowingtermsandthengiveexamplesasmanyaspossible ComparativeadvantageFreetrade TextCTextAnalysis 31 Unit1Economics TextCSupplementaryinformation DavidRicardoDavidRicardo 1772 1823 isanEnglisheconomistwhogavesystematized classicalformtotherisingscienceofeconomicsinthe19thcentury Atage27 afterreadingAdamSmith sTheWealthofNations Ricardogotveryinterestedineconomics Hewrotehisfirsteconomicsarticleat37andthenspenttherestofhislifeasaprofessionaleconomist InoneofhismostfamousbooksOnthePrinciplesofPoliticalEconomyandTaxation Ricardoclearlyillustratesthetheoryofcomparativeadvantage 32 Unit1Economics TextCSupplementaryinformation AninquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations 国富论 AnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations usuallyabbreviatedasTheWealthofNations isAdamSmith smasterpiece Itwasfirstpublishedin1776 andiswidelyconsideredtobethefirstmodernworkineconomics ThroughreflectionovertheeconomicsatthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionthebooktouchesuponbroadtopicsasthedivisionoflabour productivityandfreemarket 33 Unit1Economics TextCSupplementaryinformation ComparativeadvantageComparativeadvantageisaneconomictheoryfirstdevelopedbyEnglisheconomistDavidRicardo Apersonhasacomparativeadvantageatproducingsomethingifhecanproduceitatlowercostthananyoneelse Andhavingacomparativeadvantageisnotthesameasbeingthebestatsomething Itcanexplainwhyacountrymightproduceandexportthingsthatitdoesn tseemgoodatproducingwhencompareddirectlytoanothercountry 34 Unit1Economics 2 DothetranslationtaskinTextC 每一个精明的一家之主都知道 如果买一样东西所花的钱比在家里自己生产所花的成本要小 那就永远不要尝试在家里生产 裁缝不会去做自己的鞋子 而向鞋匠购买 鞋匠不会去做自己的衣服 而雇裁缝来做 农民不会去做鞋也不想缝衣 宁愿雇用不同的工匠来做 他们都会为了自身的利益而采取某种方式来利用整个产业 在这种方式里 他们会比邻居更有优势 并用自己生产的一部分产品或者相同的东西 即以一部分产品的价格来购买他们所需要的其它任何物品 TextCTextAnalysis 35 Unit1Economics Academiclanguageanddiscourse 1 Whatisspecializedvocabulary 2 DoTask1Specializedvocabulary Languagebuilding up TextA SpecializedVocabulary 36 Unit1Economics Academiclanguageanddiscourse 3 Additionalclassroomactivity Translatethefollowingeconomicterms whichappearinTextsBandC fromChineseintoEnglish 信号传递理论市场支配力商品反垄断法垄断相对优势股票经纪人税收 制度 37 Unit1Economics Academiclanguageanddiscourse Supplementaryinformation EffectsofparentheticalstatementsAtraditionalparentheticalstatementisathoughtenclosedinparentheses Bracketsanddashesmayalsobeused AccordingtoHandbookofEffectiveWriting byWalterK Smart theinformationinaparentheticalstatementisnotcrucialtothesentence butisrelatedtothemainstatement Thefollowingarepossiblefunctionsofaparentheticalstatement 38 Unit1Economics Academiclanguageanddiscourse Supplementaryinformation Itallowsawritertoinsertextrainformationwithoutcreatinganewsentence Theextrainformationmaybetooshorttorequireafullsentence Orifafullsentenceiscreatedfortheextrainformation itmaycauseadeparturefromthetheme Aparentheticalstatementmarkedbydashcaninfactstandout Inotherwords theobviousseparationservestoemphasizetheinterrupter Aparentheticalstatementinterruptsthenormalflowofasentence thuscreatingavarietyinsentencerhythm Aparentheticalstatementslowsdownthedevelopmentofasentence Thismighthelptocreateasenseofsuspension Whenusingparentheticalstatements pleasepayattentiontothefollowingpoints 39 Unit1Economics Academiclanguageanddiscourse Supplementaryinformation Ifyoursentenceendswithparentheticalmaterial placetheperiodoutsideoftheparenthesis Forexample Theycanbetakenfrommyth fromhistory orfromcontemporaryoccurrence ortheycanbepureinvention buteveniftheyareinvented theyarenonethelessconstructedfromtheconstantmaterialsofrealexperience nomatterhowfantastictheinvention Ifyouhaveaparentheticalstatementindependentofasentence capitalizethefirstwordandplacetheperiodwithintheparentheses Forexample Hergownwascoveredwithjewels Thosejewelsmusthavecostafortune Keepinmindthattherestofthesentenceshouldstillflownaturally 40 Unit1Economics Academiclanguageanddiscourse Signpostlanguage 3 AdditionalClassroomActivity FindparentheticalstatementsinTextB Butyourreactionisverydifferentwhensomeonewho youhope lovesyoudoesthesamething Para 3 Itiscostly ittakestime anditscostdependsontheprivateinformation howmuchhelovesher Para 4 Certainly thecasedidnotlackdrama Itpittedoneoftheworld srichestmen BillGates againstoneoftheworld smostpowerfulregulatoryagencies theU S JusticeDepartment Testifyingforthegovernmentwasaprominenteconomist MITprofessorFranklinFisher TestifyingforMicrosoftwasanequallyprominenteconomist MITprofessorRichardSchmalensee Atstakewasthefutureofoneoftheworld smostvaluablecompanies Microsoft inoneoftheeconomy sfastestgrowingindustries computersoftware Para 6 41 Unit1Economics Academiclanguageanddiscourse Signpostlanguage ThegovernmentclaimedthatMicrosoftwasbundlingthesetwoproductstogethertoexpandthemarketpowerithadinthemarketforcomputeroperatingsystemsintoanunrelatedmarket forInternetbrowsers Para 7 ItalsoarguedthatthelowpriceitchargedforWindows about 50 oronly3 ofthepriceofatypicalcomputer wasevidencethatitsmarke