Introcution to Business 商学导论PPT IB01.ppt

Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved IntroductiontoBusinessJeffMadura 1 MotivesandFunctionsofaBusiness PartIBusinessEnvironment Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 2 LearningGoals Explainthegoalofabusiness Identifytheresourcesabusinessusestoproduceaproductorservice Identifythekeystakeholdersthatareinvolvedinabusiness Describethebusinessenvironmenttowhichafirmisexposed Describethekeytypesofbusinessdecisions Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 3 KeyTerms accountingcapitalcreditordemographicsdividendelectronicbusinessentrepreneurentrepreneurshipfinance Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 4 KeyTerms humanresourcesinformationsysteminformationtechnologymanagementmanagermarketingnaturalresourcesnonprofitorganization Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 5 KeyTerms stakeholderstockstockholder Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 6 TheGoalofaBusiness Tomakeprofitsbyprovidingproductsorservicesdesiredbycustomers Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 7 WheretheProfitsComeFrom Abusinessreceivesrevenuewhenitsellsproductsorservices Itincursexpensesfrompayingemployeesandpurchasingmachineryorfacilities Thedifferencebetweentherevenuesandexpensesistheprofit orearnings Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 8 ProfitsDependonThreeConditions Thereneedstobeademandfortheproductsorservicesyouoffer Youneedtoattractcustomerstochooseyouinsteadofyourcompetitors Youneedtokeepyourexpenseslow Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 9 HowtheGovernmentInfluencestheProfitMotive Governmentsoffree marketeconomiesallowprivateownershipofbusinesses becausethesebusinessesservecustomersandcreatejobopportunities Insomeothercountries businessesaretypicallyownedbythegovernmentsandarenotprofitoriented Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 10 NonprofitBusinesses Anonprofitorganizationisanorganizationthatservesaspecificcauseandisnotorientedtomakeprofits IntheU S anonprofitorganizationisnottaxedaslongasitmeetsspecificrequirements Althoughnotorientedtomakeprofits itisstillrunlikeabusinesstoaccumulateenoughfundingtoservethecommunity Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 11 ResourcesUsedtoProduceProductsorServices NaturalresourcesHumanresourcesCapitalEntrepreneurship Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 12 NaturalResources Anyresourcesthatcanbeusedintheirnaturalform e g land coal fossilfuels forestry lake river Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 13 HumanResources Peoplewhoareabletoperformworkforabusiness Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 14 Capital Machinery equipment toolsandphysicalfacilitiesusedbyabusinessTechnologyimprovescapitalbyhelpingtoproduceproductsandservicesmorequicklyandatahigherquality Informationtechnology asasubsetoftechnology enablesinformationtobeusedtoproduceproductsandservices Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 15 ElectronicBusiness ArelatedtypeoftechnologyUseofelectroniccommunications suchastheInternet toproduceorsellproductsandservicesBusiness to businesse commercecommercetransactionsbetweenbusinesses suchasbetweenamanufacturerandawholesaler Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 16 ElectronicBusiness Business to customere commercebusinessactivitiesservingendconsumerswithproductsand orservices Anexamplewouldbeapersonbuyingapairofshoesfromaretailer Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 17 Entrepreneurship ThecreationofbusinessideasandthewillingnesstotakeriskTheactofcreating organizing andmanagingabusinessEntrepreneursarepeoplewhoorganize manageandassumetheriskofstartingabusiness Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 18 KeyStakeholdersinaBusiness Peoplewhohaveaninterestinabusiness Thebusiness sowners creditors employees suppliersandcustomers Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 19 ABusinessandItsStakeholders Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 20 Owners Anentrepreneurwhocreatesabusinessinitiallyservesasthesoleowner Withtheexpansionofthebusiness otherpeoplemayinvestinthefirmandbecomeco owners Theinvestorswhopurchasestockarecallstockholdersorshareholders Ownerscreatebusinessideasandpossiblyprovidesomefinancialsupportforthefirm Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 21 Creditors FinancialinstitutionsorindividualswhoprovideloansCreditorswilllendfundstoafirmonlyiftheybelievethefirmwillperformwellenoughtopayinterestsontheloansandtheprincipal amountborrowed inthefuture Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 22 OtherKeyStakeholders Employeesarepeoplehiredtoconductbusinessoperationsforthefirm Managersareemployeeswhoareresponsibleformanagingjobassignmentsofotheremployeesandmakingkeybusinessdecisions Suppliersprovidematerialsneededforproduction Toattractcustomers afirmmustprovideadesiredproductorserviceatareasonableprice Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 23 InteractionamongStakeholders Managersdecidehowthefundsobtainedfromowners creditorsorsalestocustomersshouldbeutilized Someoftheprofitisretainedandreinvestedbythefirm Anyremainingprofitisdistributedasdividends orincomethatthefirmprovidestoitsowners Exhibit1 2 Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 24 TheBusinessEnvironment SocialenvironmentIndustryenvironmentEconomicenvironmentGlobalenvironment Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 25 SocialEnvironment SocialtendenciestowhichabusinessisexposedDemographicsrefertothecharacteristicsofthehumanpopulationorspecificsegmentsofthepopulation Achangeindemographicsorconsumerpreferencesmayincreaseordecreasedemandforcertainproductsorservices Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 26 U S PopulationShifts Source CensusBureau Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 27 IndustryEnvironment Conditionswithinthefirm sindustryIndustryenvironmentvariesaccordingtothedemandandthecompetition Firmsbenefitfromhighconsumerdemandforitsproducts Intensecompetitionforcesfirmstokeeptheirpricesrelativelylow Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 28 EconomicEnvironment Economicconditionshaveastrongimpactontheperformanceofeachbusiness Whentheeconomyisstrong firmsbenefitfromthelargedemand Whentheeconomyisweak firmsareadverselyaffectedandunemploymentraterisesasaresult Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 29 GlobalEnvironment Somefirmsrelyonforeignsuppliersorselltheirproductsinforeigncountries Firmsmayfaceforeigncompetitionwhensellingproductslocally Ifeconomicconditionweakeninforeigncountries foreigndemandforU S productswilldecrease leadingtosomelayoffs ThegeneralincomelevelintheU S willdecreaseanddemandforallproductswilldecline Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 30 KeyTypesofBusinessDecisions Management marketingandfinancialdecisions Managementisthemeansbywhichemployeesandotherresources suchasmachinery areusedbythefirm Marketingisthemeansbywhichproducts orservices aredeveloped priced distributedandpromotedtocustomers Financeisthemeansbywhichfirmsobtainandusefundsfortheirbusiness Copyright 2004South Western Allrightsreserved 4 31 HowBusinessDecisionsAffectPerformance Manageme