2014年整理专八英语考试：人文知识综合指导.doc

2014年整理专八英语考试：人文知识综合指导（1）_1_Where is Edinburgh?A In Wales B In Scotland C In Northern Ireland D In Ireland_2_ Which of the following is Not a U.S. news and cable network?A ABC B CNN C CBS D BBC_3_The Capital of Australia is _.A Sydney B Melbourne C Canberra D Perth_4_ Which degree is offered in community colleges in the United States?A Masters degree B Doctors degree C Bachelors degree D Associates degree_5_ George Bernard Shaw was a(n) _.A playwright B poet C novelist D essayist_6_ John Galsworthy was most famous for_.A Heart of Darkness B Ulysses C The Forsyste Saga D A Passage to India_7_ The novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by_.A Henry James B O. Henry C Harriet Beccher Stower D Mark Twain_8_The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in condition is_.A morphology B general linguistics C phonology D semantics_9_Which of the following is NOT a compound word?A Landlady B Greenhouse C Uplift D Unacceptable_10_ The word holiday originally meant holy day; but now the word signifies any which we dont have to work. This is an example of _.A meaning shift B widening of meaning C narrowing of meaning D loss of meaning答案：1-5 BDCDA 6-10 CDCDB1. 选B. Wales的首府为Cardiff, Scotland的首府为Edinburgh. Northern Ireland的首府Belfast, Ireland的首府为Dublin.2. 选 D。 BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司, ABC=American Broadcasting Company, Inc美国广播公司; CNN= Cable News Network美国有线广播公司, CBS= Columbia Broadcasting System哥伦比亚广播公司3. 选C。Sydney第一城市, 位于New South Wales州;Melbourne第二大城市位于Victoria州，Canberra位于Sydney与Melbourne之间;Perth位于Australia州采集者退散4. 选D。 Associates degree是准学士学位 (喵猜这个相当我们说的大专吧)来源：考试大5. 选A。George Bernard Shaw (英国，萧伯纳)，爱尔兰籍，剧作家，批评家，社会评论家，主要作品有Man and Superman, Back to Methuselah, Saint Joan ，Arms and the Man, Pygmalion ，获得1925年诺贝尔文学奖。(喵，小云的上期文学七里香就是介绍了他噢)6. 选C。John Galsworthy(英国),小说家，剧作家。主要作品有The Forsyte Saga，于1932年获得了诺贝尔文学奖;Heart of Darkness,作者Joseph Conrad，波兰籍英国小说家，另有Lord Jim ;Ulysses, 作者James Joyce, 爱尔兰作家Finnergans Wake为芬尼根守灵; A Passage to India，作者E.M. Forster,英国小说家，另有Howards End霍华德别业。7. 选D。Mark Twain= Samuel Langhorne Clemens,作品有The Adventures of Tom Sawyer; Henry James, 主要作品有Ambassadors, The Golden Bowl; O.Henry= William Sydney Porter, 主要作品有Cabbages and Kings, Four Million; Harriet Beecher Stower, 其反奴隶制小说Uncle Toms Cabin，促进了废奴运动发展。8. 选C。Linguistics语言学, the study of human language,包括 Theoretical linguistic, Applied linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Cognitive linguistics和Historical linguistics.这里主要考Theoretical linguistics.9. 选D。是derivation.10. 选B。 从any day就可以知道 widening of meaning.2014年整理专八英语考试：人文知识综合指导（2）_1_ The study of _ is Syntax.A textual organization B sentence structures C word formation D language functions_2_ Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A arbitrariness B productivity C cultural transmission D finiteness_3_ The speech act theory was first put forward by_.A John Scarl B Johan Austin C Noarn Chomsky D M.A.K Halliday_4_ The capital city of Canada is _.A Montreal B Ottawa C Vancouver D York_5_ U.S. presidents normally serve a (an) _ term.A eight-year B four-year C six-year D two year_6_ Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.A Huston B Baltimore C Philadelphia D Boston_7_The state church in England is _.A The Baptist B The Roman Catholic C The Protestant Church D The Church of England_8_ The novel Emma is written by_.A Jane Austen B Elizabeth C Gaskell C Charlotte Bronte D Mary Shelley_9_ Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet?A William Wordsworth B Percy B. Shelley C George G. Byron D George Eliot_10_ William Sidney Porter, known as O.Henry, is most famous for _.A his poem B his plays C His novels D his short storiesKEYS: 1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD1. 选B。 Syntax (句法)，研究词或其他句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科。2. 选D。语言的区别性特征包含有五个特征：arbitrariness(任意性)，productivity(能产性), duality(双层性) displacement,(不受时空限制 cultural transmission. (文化传递性)。 Arbitrariness,指一句话所表达的意思与表达这个意思的语言文字之间的关系不确定。Productivity,事实上，能产性有时也称之为创造性，指的是人们可以构造或理解无穷多的新语句。duality, 语言结构的二重性指的一个是语音结构，另一个是语义结构。 cultural transmission指的是语言不像遗传基因那样才能代代相传，语言必须作为一个体系，必须一点一点的习得。人所要学的某一特定的语言是文化的即社会的语言，人出生后孤立于文化或社会环境之外是无法习得语言的。3. 选B。言语行为理论是由英国哲学家奥斯汀提出的假说。60年代，英国哲学家J?L?Austin奥斯汀和J?Searle赛尔勒先后发表了“语言行为”的理论。根据奥斯汀的言语行为理论，当人们所处每句话时，不管其是否含有行为动词，都包含有“说”的成分和“做”的成分，即言内行为locutionary act，言外行为illocutionary act和言后行为perlocutionary act.4. 选B。Canada的首度是Ottawa(渥太华)。Toronto(多伦多)是加拿大最大的城市;Montreal (蒙利特尔)加拿大第二城市;Vancouver(温哥华)为第三大城市。5. 选B。美国总统大选每四年进行一次。美国法律规定每逢以4能除尽的年份的11月的第一个星期一后的星期二举行大选，选举总统和副总统，任期4年。每逢逢双的年份选举众议员，任期2年，并改选1/3的参议员，任期6年。6. 选A。Huston (休斯顿)是位于美国南部Texas(德克萨斯州) 的城市，而Boston(波士顿) Baltimore (巴尔的摩)Philadephia(费城)都是位于美国东北部的大城市。7. 选D。The Church of England (英国圣公会)，是英国的国家教会，是亨利八世1531年创立的，他颁布了最高法案，宣布国王取代教皇成为教会的首脑。英国国教会和国家的关系是一种权利和义务的关系，国王必须是英国国教徒和教会的支持者。8. 选A。Emma爱玛是Jane Austen简?奥斯汀的重要作品之一，描写女主人认识自身并逐渐抛开幻想的过程。奥斯汀刻意描绘的都是平常的人和事，但不乏社会关系的最深入的描写。她正是通过对熟悉的人和事的描写展示了她所生活时代英国乡绅阶层的生活景观，如财产继承，家庭问题，教育状况，妇女地位和出路以及道德与习俗等。她的作品以深刻清新和细致敏锐而着称，包含了超越历史时空的对人性的透视和哲理。9. 选D。乔治?爱略特George Eliot是玛丽?安?伊万斯Mary Ann Evans的笔名，这位才女是19世纪现实主义小说的代表。William Wordsworth(威廉?华兹华斯)，Percy。B Shelly(雪莱)， George G?Byron (拜伦)都是英国浪漫主义诗歌的代表。10. 选D。O?Henry(欧?亨利)原名William Sidney Porter (威廉?西德尼?波特)，美国著名短篇小说，麦琪的礼物是他最著名的代表作之一，有人称之为“或许是文学里最佳的通俗故事。”2014年整理专八英语考试：人文知识综合指导（3）_1_ “To know something like the palm of ones hand” means _?A to understand the nature of something and be competent in the performance of them B to understand everything without any question C to understand only something easy D to be thoroughly familiar with the nature and details of something_2_ British English is spoken in _?A Great Britain B Australia C New Zealand D A.B and C_3_ Which of the following joined England and Scotland in 1707?A the Act of Supremacy B the Act of Union C the Reform Act D the Magana Carta_4_ Who said “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”?A Aristotle B Plato C Archimedes D Euclid_5_ The expression that can be used as the euphemism for “garbage collector” is “_”A collecting B garbage engineer C sanitary engineer D sanitation engineer_6_ Who founded the Plantagenet Dynasty?A Henry I B King Joseph C Henry II D Count of Anjor_7_ Who said “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”:?A Horace B Virgil C Plato D Sappho_8_ The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of _.A Elizabeth I B Henry VIII C Cromwell D Charles I_9_ Eton College is a famous _ of UK.A college B comprehensive school C public school D university_10_Westminster Palace is the _?A seat of British House of Parliament B seat of English church C residence of king of queen D residence of Prime Minister1. 选D。“To know something like the palm of ones hand”的意思是对“什么了如指掌”。2. 选D。在英国、澳大利亚和新西兰都说英国英语。3. 选B。是联合法(the Act of Union)在Anne 统治的1707年把 England and Scotland 统一起来，而Great Britain (大不列颠)也是在其统治期间诞生的。而1801年的联合法爱尔兰并入大不列颠王国，因此英国的名称改为“大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国”(the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)。1921年爱尔兰北部6郡(北爱尔兰)化归联合王国，英国的名称也随之改为“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国”(the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)。4. 选C。“给我一个支点，我能撬动整个地球”是古希腊科学家Archimedes(阿基米德)的名言。古希腊科学家阿基米德在算术、力学和流体静力学等方面都作了重要的贡献。5. 选D。sanitation engineer (环境工程师)是 “garbage collector” 垃圾清洁工的委婉用语。6. 选C。The Plantagenet Dynasty (金雀花王朝)是由Henry II(亨利二世) 于1154年创立的，并统治了35年，于1189年Henry II 去世而结束。7. 选A。Horace(贺拉斯)，古罗马诗人，以其颂歌著称。 “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive” (被征服的希腊征服了它的征服者)为其所说。Virgil(维吉尔，7019BC)伟大的拉丁诗人，著有伟大的史诗埃涅阿斯记(Aeneid)。Plato(柏拉图428-348BC)，古希腊哲学家，他对对话录(Dialogues)影响深远。Sappho(萨福)公元前7世纪希腊最重要的女抒情诗人，其爱情诗影响深远。8. 选D。Charles I(查里一世，1600-1649，英国斯图亚特王朝国王)。其统治期间，对抗国会，压迫清教徒，引起内战，战败后作为“暴君、叛徒、杀人犯和国家公敌”于1649年被国会判处死刑。9. 选C。Eton College(伊顿学院，也称伊顿公学)是英格兰最大的也是最有名的公学之一，设在伯克郡伊顿，是英国的一种中学教育。该校建于1400年与1441年间，由Henry VI为国王赠款所建立的基金中得到奖学金的70名高才生创办的。英国知名的公学还有Harrow School; Rugby School。10.选A。Westminster(威斯敏斯特区)指英国伦敦西部的贵族居住区，在泰晤士河北岸，区内有白金汉宫，议会大厦等。而the Westminster Palace(威斯敏斯特宫)通常指英国议会所在地，因此Westminster 喻指英国国会或英国政府。2014年整理专八英语考试：人文知识综合指导（4）_1_No.10 Downing Street is_.A Office of British Navy B official residence of Prime MinsterC seat of English Parliament D official residence of King_2_ Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northern tribes such as Goths, the West Empire finally collapsed in_.A 395 B 27 B.C. C 476 D 1453_3_Who wrote “I came, I saw, I conquered”?A Horace B Virgil C Marcus Tullius Cicero D Julius Casar_4_When the Hundred Years War ended in 1453, the only part of France that was still in the hands of English is_.A Calais B Paris C Aquitaine D Anjor_5_ Big Ben is the nickname of_.A Sir Benjamin Hall B Benjamin Franklin C 315-foot Clock Tower D Sir Charles Barry_6_ In England, the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies was_.A The Cobhams plot B the murder of Thomas BecketC the execution of Mary Queen of Scots D the Gunpowder Plot_7_ The author of On the Origin of Species is_.A George Baron B Charles Darwin C John Baldwin D Winston Churchill_8_The author of On the Nature of Things is _.A Horace B Virgil C Lucretius D Julius Caesar_9_Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?A Christianity B Buddhism C Islamism D Judaism_10_ The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first fie books, called _.A Exodus B Commandments C Amos D Pentateuch答案：1-5 BCDAC 6-10 DBCAD1. 选B. No.10 Downing S