材料试验机常用术语汉英索引.docx

试验机常用术语 汉语索引 下摘自JB/T 7406.1-1994 试验机术语 材料试验机 附录A 汉语索引 序号 中文 英文1 摆锤冲击刀刃 pendulum striking edge2 摆锤冲击速度 impact velocity of the pendulum3 摆锤空击 free swing of pendulum4 摆锤力矩 moment of pendulum5 摆锤式冲击试验机 pendulum impact testing machine6 摆动周期 swing period7 摆杆 rod of pendulum8 摆轴 axle of rotation9 半自动试验机 semi-automatic testing machine10 杯突试验机 cupping testing machine11 变形速率 rate of deformation12 标称值 nominal value13 标度盘（尺） dial（scale）14 标度盘几何中心 geometric centre of the dial15 标距 gauge length16 标准测力仪 standard dynamometer17 标准扭矩仪 standard torquemeter18 标准硬度机 standard hardness tester19 表面洛氏硬度计 Rockwell superficial hardness tester20 表面洛氏硬度值 Rockwell superficial hardness number21 布氏硬度计 Brinell hardness tester22 布氏硬度压头 Brinell hardness indenter23 布氏硬度值 Brinell hardness number24 材料工艺性能 material processibility25 材料试验机 material testing machine26 测力系统 dynamometric system27 测量 measurement28 测量重复性 repeatability of measurement29 测量再（复）现性 reproducibility of measurement30 测量范围 measuring range31 测量范围上限值 measuring range higher limit32 测量范围下限值 measuring range lower limit33 超声硬度计 ultrasonic hardness tester34 超试验力 over test force35 程序控制试验机 program-controlled testing machine36 持久强度 creep rupture strength37 持久强度试验机 creep rupture strength testing machine38 冲击摆锤 impact pendulum39 冲击锤体 impact hammer40 冲击韧性 impact toughness41 冲击试验机 impact testing machine42 冲击试验支座 impact specimen support43 冲击试样支座跨距 span of impact specimen supports44 冲击能量 impact energy45 从动针 follow-up pointer46 初试验力 initial test force47 传感器 transducer48 锤式布氏硬度计 hammering type Brinell hardness tester49 打击点 striking point50 打击中心 center of strike51 低频疲劳试验机 low frequency fatigue testing machine52 低温试验机 low temperature testing machine53 低温装置 low temperature device54 颠簸实验 bump test55 点漂 point drift56 电液伺服疲劳试验机 electro-hydraulic servo-controlled fatigue testing machine57 电子式试验机 electronic testing machine58 动静万能试验机 static/dynamic universal testing machine59 动蠕变 dynamic creep60 动态试验力 dynamic test force61 断后标距 final gauge length62 断后伸长率 percentage elongation after fracture63 断裂韧性 fracture toughness64 断面收缩率 percentage reduction of area65 断面增大率 percentage increase of area66 多次冲击试验机 repeated impact testing machine67 反向器 reverser68 非金属材料试验机 non-metallic material testing machine69 分度值 division value70 复合试验机 combined test force testing machine71 腐蚀试验机 corrosion testing machine72 高频疲劳试验机 high frequency fatigue testing machine73 高温试验机 high temperature testing machine74 高温装置 high temperature device75 隔热屏 radial beat shield76 工程应力 engineering stress77 工艺性能试验 processibility test78 规定残余伸长应力 permanent set stress79 规定非比例伸长（压缩）应力 proof stress of non-proportional elongation（compression）80 规定总伸长（压缩）应力 proof stress of total elongation（compression）81 横梁 cross-beam82 横应变 transverse strain83 缓冲器 buffer84 机械式试验机 mechanical testing machine85 记录装置 recorder86 加热元件 heating element87 夹头 grip88 剪切强度 shear strength89 剪切应力 shear stress90 金属材料试验机 metallic material testing machine91 静蠕变 staticcreep92 静态试验力 static test force93 径向间隙 radial clearance94 均热带长度 uniform temperature zone length95 空试验力 no test force96 拉杆 pull rod97 拉力试验机 tensile testing machine98 拉伸强度 tensile strength99 试验力 test force100 力标准机 force standard machine101 力传感器 force transducer102 力基准机 primary force standard machine103 力学性能 mechanical properties104 力学性能试验 mechanical test105 量程 measuring span106 灵敏度 sensitivity107 洛氏硬度值 Rockwell hardness number108 洛氏硬度计 Rockwell hardness tester109 洛氏硬度压头 Rockwell hardness indenter110 落锤式冲击试验机 falling impact testing machine111 满量程误差 full scale error112 磨损 abrasion113 摩擦磨损试验机 friction-abrasion testing machine114 内力 internal force115 能量损失 energy loss116 粘弹性 viscoelasticity117 扭矩标准机 standard torquer118 扭矩基准机 primary standard torquer119 扭应变 torsional strain120 扭应力 torsional stress121 扭转试验机 torsion testing machine122 努氏硬度压头 Knoop hardness indenter123 努氏硬度值 Knoop hardness number124 挠度 deflection125 疲劳 fatigue126 疲劳断裂 fatigue fracture127 疲劳极限 fatigue limit128 疲劳试验机 fatigue testing machine129 疲劳寿命 fatigue life130 漂移 drift131 平均试验力 mean test force132 平均应变 mean strain133 平均应力 mean stress134 平面应变断裂韧度 plane-strain fracture toughness135 钳口 jaw136 强度 strength137 切应变 shear strain138 屈服点 yield point139 蠕变强度 creep strength140 蠕变试验机 creep testing machine141 蠕变速度 rate of creep142 热疲劳试验机 thermal fatigue testing machine143 上屈服点 upper yield point144 邵氏硬度计 Shore durometer145 邵氏硬度值 Shore durometer number146 始点漂移 zero drift147 示波冲击试验机 impact testing machine with the scope148 示值 indicating value149 示值重复性误差 repeatability error in the indicating value150 示值重复性相对误差 relative error of repeatability in the indicating value151 示值进回程误差 error between forward nd backward in indicating value152 示值进回程相对误差 relative error between forward nd backward in indicating value153 示值误差 indicating value154 示值相对误差 relative error of indicating value155 试件 sample156 试台 testing bench157 试验机附件 accessories of testing machine158 试验空间 test space159 试验力 test force160 试验力保持时间 duration of test force161 试验力范围 range of test force162 试验力幅 test force amplitude163 试验力施加速度 rate of applying test force164 试验力施加系统 system of applying test force165 试验系统的柔度 testing system flexibility166 试样 specimen167 松弛 relaxation168 松弛试验机 relaxation testing machine169 松弛应力 relaxation stress170 塑性 plasticity171 塑性变形 plastic deformation172 算术平均值 arithmetic mean173 缩短率 percentage reduction of length174 弹簧试验机 spring testing machine175 弹性 elasticity176 弹性变形 elastic deformation177 弹性模量 modulus of elasticity178 弹性滞后 elastic hysteresis179 条件疲劳极限 conditional fatigue limit180 同轴度 coaxiality181 弯曲强度 bending strength182 弯折试验机 reverse bend tester183 万能试验机 universal testing machine184 温度波动 variation in testing temperature185 温度范围 temperature range186 温度控制器 temperature control equipment187 温度梯度 temperature gradient188 维氏硬度计 Vickers hardness tester189 维氏硬度压头 Vickers hardness indenter190 维氏硬度值 Vickers hardness number191 位移传感器 displacement transducer192 下屈服点 lower yield point193 线材扭转试验机 wire torsion tester194 线性应变 linear strain195 肖氏硬度计 Shore hardness tester196 肖氏硬度压头 Shore hardness indenter197 肖氏硬度值 Shore hardness number198 携带式硬度计 portable hardness tester199 循环试验力 cyclic testforce200 循环应变 cyclic strain201 循环应力 cyclic stress202 压板 compression plate203 压力试验机 compression testing machine204 压缩强度 compressive strength205 压头主轴 main axle of indenter206 引伸计 extensometer207 引伸计标距 extensometer gauge length208 应变 strain209 应变范围 range of strain210 应变幅 strain amplitude211 应力 stress212 应力比 stress ratio213 应力范围 range of stress214 应力幅 stress amplitude215 应力强度因子 stress intensity factor216 应力应变图 stress-strain diagram217 硬度 hardness218 硬度计 hardness tester219 硬度压头 hardness indenter220 液压式试验机 hydraulic testing machine221 原始标距 original gauge length222 约定真值 conventional true value223 运输包装件试验机 transport packages testing machine224 赵氏硬度计 Pusey nd Jones indentation instrument225 赵氏硬度值 Pusey nd Jones indentation hardness number226 真应力 true stress227 真值 true value228 正应力 normal stress229 指示装置 indicating device230 指针 pointer231 轴向间隙 axial clearance232 轴应变 axial strain233 最大试验力 maximum testforce234 最大循环试验力 maximum cyclic testforce235 最大循环应力 maximum cyclic stress236 最大应变 maximum strain237 最小试验力 minimum test force238 最小循环试验力 minimum cyclic test force239 最小循环应力 minimum cyclic stress240 最小应变 minimum strain241 准确度 accuracy242 准确度等级 accuracy class243 自动试验机 automatic testing machine244 总试验力 total test force控制理论术语中英文对照AAbsolute error Absolute value Accumulated error AccuracyActivate Active networkActuating signalActuator Adjust Adaptive control Algebraic operations Amplifier Amplifying elementAmplitudeAnalog computer Analog-digital conversion Analog signal Angle condition Angle of arrival Angle of departure Angular acceleration Argument Armature Asymptote Asymptotic stableAutomatic control Autonomous systemAttenuation Auxiliary equation 绝对误差绝对值累积误差精确度启动，触发有源网络作用信号、启动信号执行机构，调节器，激励器调整自适应控制代数运算放大器放大环节幅值模拟计算机模数转换模拟信号相角条件入射角出射角角加速度幅角电枢渐近线渐近稳定的自动控制自治系统衰减辅助方程BBacklash Bandwidth Bang-bang control Be proportional to Bilinear system Biocybernetics Block diagram Bode plot Branch Breakaway points Bump By-pass 间隙,回环带宽砰-砰控制，继电控制与成比例双线性系统生物控制论方框图,方块图,结构图伯德图分支,支路分离点撞击，扰动旁路 CCACSD(Computer-Aided Control System Design)CACSE(Computer-Aided Control System Engineering) CAD(computer aided design) Cascade compensation Cascade control Channel Characteristic equation Characteristic gain loci Circuit Classical control theory Closed-loop controlClosed loop control system Closed loop frequency response Closed loop pole Closed-loop transfer function Closed loop zeroCombinational control system Comparator Comparing element Compatibility Compound controlCompensation Complex plane Conditional stability Configuration M loci Constraint condition Continuous system Control accuracy Control law Controlled plant Controlled variable Controlling machine Control system Control valve Controllability Conveyor Corner frequency Correcting unit CorrectionCoupling Criterion Critical damping Critical stability Cross-over frequency Cut off rate Cut off frequency Cybernetics 控制系统计算机辅助设计控制系统计算机辅助工程计算机辅助设计串联补偿(校正)串级控制通道特征方程特征增益轨迹电路古典控制理论闭环控制闭环控制系统闭环频率响应闭环极点闭环传递函数闭环零点复合控制系统比较器比较元件,比较环节相容性，兼容性复合控制补偿,校正复平面条件稳定结构，配置，方案，组态M圆约束条件连续系统控制精度控制律被控对象被控变量控制机控制系统调节阀可控性,能控性传送器，传送带，传送装置转折频率,交接频率校正装置校正耦合判据,准则临界阻尼临界稳定性穿越频率剪切率剪切频率控制论DDamped natural frequency Damped oscillation Damper Damping factor Damping ratio Data acquisition Dead band Dead time Decay Decomposition Delay Delay element Denominator Describing function Desired value Determinant DeviationDifference equation Differencing junction Differential action Differential control Differential equations Differential feedback Digital filer Digital computerDigital signal processing Discrete system Discretization Distributed parameter control system Disturbance Disturbance compensation Disturbance rejection property Dominant pole Dominate Drive control Dual principle Duality Duty ratio Dynamic characteristics Dynamic equation Dynamic error Dynamic error coefficient Dynamic process 有阻尼自然频率 阻尼振荡阻尼器阻尼系数阻尼比数据采集死区纯延迟，延迟时间衰减，衰变分解滞后滞后环节分母描述函数预期值，期望值行列式偏差差分方程比较点微分作用微分控制微分方程微分反馈数字滤波器数字计算机数字信号处理离散系统离散化分布参数控制系统扰动,干扰扰动补偿抗干扰特性主导极点主导传动控制对偶原理对偶性负载比动态特性动态方程动态误差动态误差系数动态过程EEffectiveness Equilibrium state Eigenvalue Eigenvector Element Error Error coefficient Error signal Even symmetry Expected value Exponential External description External disturbance Extreme 有效性平衡状态特征值特征向量元件,环节误差误差系数误差信号偶对称期望值指数，指数的，幂的外部描述外扰极值FFault diagnosisFeasibility Feedback Feedback compensation Feedback control Feedback element Feedback path Feedforward Feedforward compensation Final controlling element Final value First-order holder First-order system Fixed set point control Focus Following device Forward path Fraction Frequency Frequency domain Frequency response Frequency response characteristic Friction Full order observer Function Fuzzy control 故障诊断可行性，可能性，现实性反馈反馈补偿反馈控制反馈环节反馈通道前馈前馈补偿执行器终值一阶保持器一阶系统定值控制焦点随动装置前向通道分数频率频域频率响应频率响应特性摩擦全阶观测器函数模糊控制GGain Gain margin Gap characteristics Gear backlash Gereral solution Global asymptotic stability Global optimum Graphical method Guidance system Gravitation area Gyro增益增益裕度,幅值裕度间隙特性齿轮间隙通解全局渐进稳定性全局最优图解法制导系统引力域陀螺HHarmonic Harmonic response Hierarchical control HolderHomogeneous equation Humidity control Hurwitz determinant Hydraulic system Hysteresis error Hysteresis loop 谐波，谐波量、谐振荡谐波响应递阶控制保持器齐次方程湿度控制赫尔维茨行列式液压系统回差磁滞回环IIdealized system Identification Impulse response Incompatibility principle Index of merit Industrial automation Industrial robot Inertial Inherent nonlinearity Inherent characteristic Initial condition Initial state Initial value theoremInner loop Input Input node Input signalInstability Integral action Integral control Integral performance criterion IAE(integrated absolute error) ISE(integrated square error) Integrity Internal description Internal disturbance Intelligent instrument Invariant Inverse matrix Inverse transformation Inverse Laplace transforms Isocline method Iterative algorithm 理想化系统辨识脉冲响应不相容原理品质因数工业自动化工业机器人惯性的，惯量的，惰性的固有非线性固有特性初始条件初始状态初值定理内环输入输入节点输入信号不稳定性积分作用积分控制积分性能准则绝对误差积分平方误差积分整体性内部描述内扰智能仪表不变的，恒定的逆矩阵反变换拉普拉斯反变换等倾线法迭代算法JJordan block Jordan canonical form Jury stability criterion 约旦块约旦标准型朱利稳定判据KKalman criterion Kalman filter 卡尔曼准则卡尔曼滤波器LLag-lead compensation Lag network Lag compensation Laplace transformsLarge scale system Lead network Least-mean-square Limit cycle LinearizationLinearity Linear equation Linear systemLinear programming Load Load-response curve Local asymptotic stability Local optimum Locus Logic diagramLog magnitude Low pass characteristic Lyapunov theorem of asymptotic stability 滞后超前补偿滞后网络滞后补偿拉普拉斯变换大系统超前网络最小均方极限环线性化线性度线性方程线性系统线性规划负载负荷响应曲线局部渐近稳定性局部最优轨迹逻辑图对数幅值低通特性李雅普诺夫渐近稳定性定理MMagnitude condition Magnitude-frequency characteristic Magnitude margin Magnitude-versus-phase plot Manipulated variableManipulator Mason rule Mathematical modelMatrixMatrix l