高中英语选修七UniBPPT课件.ppt

Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions 1 Replacetheunderlinedpart Billfeltgreatpleasurewhenhetriedhisnewfaxmachineanditworked HefeltpityforClairebecauseshewasoverweightandneededtoloseaboutfivekilostolookslim EventhoughJanetoldhimmanytimestogoawayherbrotherstillaccompaniedhertothedoctor HergreatestwishwastolookaselegantasGladysClaffern PleasecallmebeforeyoubuyanewdigitalcamerasoIcangowithyou Shelookedatthecomputerscreencarefullyhopingtofindsomenewemailsinhermailbox Itwasridiculousthathisownmotherwouldnottalktohimabouttheaffair Hefelthappywhenhisbossstatedthathecouldsetasidesometimeforexercise satisfaction testedout sympathy leave alone desire ring up scanned absurd declared 1 2 Completethefollowingpassage News 16 04 2321 Historicalresearchshowsthatinthe22ndcenturymanypeopletoldstoriesabouthow atonetime peoplecouldbuyrobotsashousedecorators Therobotswould theliteratureforthelatestideasinhomedecoration Oftentherobotswould designsthatweregranderthantheirownerswanted Brightlycolourd and wouldbesuggestedtogetherwithbrightlypatternedwallscancarpets Someofthe intheshopthoughtthatthedesignswere Whilesomeownerswerefirmwiththeirrobot ssuggestions otherswould andwalkoutoftheshop feelingembarrassed Afewotherrobotswouldevengetintophysicalfightswiththeirownerinpublicastheirelectricalsystemsometimeswouldsetofftheshops Afterawhilethegovernmentdecidedsuchbehaviorwasnotappropriateandpassedalaw robotsshouldnotleavethehouse Sorobotsbecamehouseholdcleanersorindustrialworkersinstead scan favour cushions beddings beddings cushions clerks awful turnaround alarms declaring 2 Revisingusefulstructures Ex 1 betestedoutbeharmedbeoffered wasamazedwasnotallowedbediscovered becompletelytransformedwereimpressedbeenviedberebuilt Ex 2 Thecompany snewcarisgoing inthecomingmonths SinceClairehadbecomeattachedtoTony therobotneeded Timrefused byhisfatherwhenhewentforahaircut Thedesire agreatwriterinspiresmanyyoungauthors Hefeltitabsurd hatredforsomeonehehadnevermet Thenewproductisavailable byinterestedcustomers Shewasverybeautifulbutshedidnotlike bysomanypeople Sincetheseapronsaresuchpoorquality theyneed andtakenbacktotheshop tobedesigned toberebuilt tobeaccompanied tobeknownas tobefilledwith tobetestedout tobesetaside tobeenvied 3 Ex 3 OnethemorningofDecember19th MarionbegantowriterhercardsforChristmas Thereweresomany ShelookedatthelistofChristmascardsthatsheplannedtosend They inthealphabeticalorderofthereceiver sfamilynames Thereweresixtyinall Thecardswould intosixpilesoften SheplannedtowriteafeweveryafternoonbecausefromthenonuntilChristmashertimewould intoshopping cookingaswellaswritingthecards Butthatafternoontherewouldbenotimeforcards Shewasgoingtolearnhowtodisplayflowersbeautifully Shewas byherneighbor Sally They toacommunityprogramme ThenonChristmasDaytheirfamilieswould bylovelyflowerdisplays specialcuisine excellentpresents andaboveallfamilyaffection Marion toherfamilyandenjoyedmakingthemhappy Thinkingofthatshesighedhappilyandbegantowritethefirstcard werelisted bedivided beorganized tobeaccompanied wereconnected besurrounded wasattached 4 RevisionofPassiveVoice Grammar 5 MymotherfeltalarmedwhenIhadmyhaircolouredpurple MymotherwasalarmedwhenIhadmyhaircolouredpurple Lookatthesentences No 6 使用被动语态的情况 1 我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁的时候 这时不带by引起的短语 PrintingwasintroducedtoEuropefromChina 省略了by短语 Look Thereisnothinghere Everythinghasbeentakenaway 省略了by短语 7 2 当我们出于礼貌 措辞圆通等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁时 Youarerequestedtogiveaperformance Youarecordially 诚挚地 invitedtoapartytobegivenattheTeachers Clubat3p m Nov 23 3 当我们强调或兴趣在动作的承受者时 这时可带by引起的短语 Thesongwascomposed 组成 写作 byastudent Agoodtimewashadbyall 8 被动语态由be 过去分词构成 be随时态的变化而变化 以give为例 各种时态的被动语态形式为 一般现在时 am is are given 例句 ThefirstsectionofNewCollegeEnglishisdesignedforspeakingpracticeandisbasedonpicturesandtopics 被动语态的构成 9 一般过去时 was were given 例句 Thesecomputersweremadeinourowncountry 一般将来时 will shallbe given 例句 Shallwebeaskedtoattendtheopeningceremony 10 本句意思为 78岁的Denis先生声明他将把他的大多数收藏品留给国家 所以leave应用一般将来时的被动形式 一般将来时可以用来betodosth来表达 因此答案为D 11 过去将来时 wouldbe givenThenewswouldbesenttothesoldier smotherassoonasitarrived 现在进行时 am is arebeing givenThemachineisbeingrepairedintheworkshop Thefifthgenerationcomputers withartificialintelligence are andperfectednow A developedB havedevelopedC arebeingdevelopedD willhavebeendeveloped 本句测试点是动词的时态和语态develop和perfect是两个并列的谓语动词 perfect用的是被动形式 develop也应该用被动形式 而且句子的时间状语为now 故develop应用现在进行时的被动语态 答案为C 12 过去进行时 was werebeing given 例句 Thefeastwasbeingpreparedwhenthebirdsarrivedinthesky现在完成时 have hasbeen given 例句 Swiftprogresshasalsobeenmadeincultureandeducation 13 过去完成时 hadbeen given 例句 ThehugebridgehadbeendamagedbeforetheWorldWar 将来完成时 will shallhavebeen given 例句 Thebookwillhavebeenpublishedbytheendofnextmonth 14 含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态 情态动词 be 过去分词 Thisproblemcanbesolved 这问题可解决 What sdonecannotbeundone 覆水难收 15 GeorgemightbesenttoAmericabyhiscompanyinAugust 公司可能八月份派乔治去美国 或类似结构 begoingto haveto等 变成被动语态 Thisroomisgoingtobepaintednextweek 这个房间下周粉刷 Goaway Iwanttobeleftalone 走开 我想独自待一会儿 16 1 有些动词可以有两个宾语 在用于被动结构时 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面 通常变为主语的是间接宾语 指人的宾语 一些特殊的被动语态 Theydidn tofferAnnthejob Annwasn tofferedthejob 安未得到这份工作 17 2 在使役动词have make get以及感官动词see watch notice hear feel observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时 在主动结构中不定式to要省略 但变为被动结构时 要加to Theymakehercleanthefloor Sheismadetocleanthefloorbythem 18 3 It be 过去分词 that从句 主语 be 过去分词 todosth 表示 据说 据报道 据悉 据信等 例 据说这个男孩已经通过了这次全国性的测试 Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam 19 但 It thattherewasacaroverthere A sohappenedB sohappensC issohappenedD wassohappened答案 A happen是不及物动词 无被动语态 20 4 besupposedto suppose vt 推想 假设 猜想 supposed 假定的 推测的 意图的 1 据说 besaidto 如 Let sgoandseethatfilm It ssupposedtobeverygood 我们一起去看那电影好吗 人们都说它不错 21 2 计划 安排如 I dbetterhurry It snearly8o clock I msupposedtobemeetingTomat8 15 我要快些了 现在差不多8点钟了 我8点一刻去接汤姆 3 benotsupposedto表示 不允许 如 Youarenotsupposedtoparkhere 这儿不允许停车 22 动词get代替be get往往用在口语中 酒馆里发生了打斗 幸好无人受伤 Therewasafightatthepub butfortunatelynobodygot was hurt 23 get done同be done的区别 getdone往往表示行为不是计划之中 而是意外发生的 如 Thedoggotrunoverbyacar 狗被汽车辗死了 24 1 某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动词可以表示被动意义 cook smell taste wash write shut prove sell read writeThedishtastesdelicious Thetheoryprovedrightatlast Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell 不可以变成被动语态 25 Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell sells 此处为不及物动词 销售起来 有销路 的意思 作及物动词为 卖 出售 Thiskindofclothwasheswell 耐洗 Need V ing表示 主语承受动词发出的动作 表示被动意义 我的车需要修理 Mycarneedsrepairing toberepaired 26 beg equal fail hold possess fit become contain cost fit have lack resemble 相似 suit等 ThisnewEnglish Chinesedictionarycostmetendollars 3 某些表示状态或者特征的及物动词没有被动语态形式 这类动词常见的有 27 如 战争爆发了 可以说 Thewarbrokeout 但不能说 Thewarwasbrokeout 4 通常只有及物动词 组 才有被动语态 不及物动词没有 28 be 过去分词 这个结构并不都是被动语态 也可能是系表结构 被动语态与系表结构主要区别是 被动结构表示一个动作 而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态 试比较下面的句子 被动结构与系表结构的区别 29 被动结构Theenemywassoonsurroundedbyus 系表结构Thehouseissurroundedbytrees 被动结构Shewasbittenbythedoginthedarkness 系表结构Iwasexcitedbythenewsthatmyhusbandgotpromoted 30 1 OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile butsoon tohisoldways A returnedB returnsC wasreturningD hadreturnedInsomepartsoftheworld tea withmilkandsugar A isservingB isservedC servesD served 练习 31 3 Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful They welland already A sell havebeensoldoutB sold hadsoldoutC sell selloutD aresold havebeensoldout4 Thetrain arriveat11 30 butitwasanhourlate A wasabouttoB waslikelytoC wassupposedtoD wascertainto 32 2020 1 7 33 5 Thisdictionarymustn t fromthelibrary A takeawayB takenawayC aretakenawayD betakenaway6 Myshoes Iwentoutforanewpair A iswornoutB woreoutC werewornoffD werewornout 34 7 Thatkindofshirts cotton A ismadefromB aremadefromC ismadeofD aremadeof8 Rice inSouthChina A growingB isgrownC aregrownD isgrow 35 9 Allthepreparationsforthetask andwe rereadytostart A completedB completeC hadbeencompletedD havebeencompleted 36 10 Theteachertoldhisstudentsthatthey tobeusefulmentothecountry A wereallexpectedB wereallexpectingC allwereexpectedD allexpected 37 11 Someofthehotelsinmyhometown A havenowbeenrebuildingB arenowrebuildingC arenowbeingrebuiltD arerebuiltnow 38 用被动语态改换下列各句 1 Myfatherwillrepairmybikeforme Mybikewillberepairedbymyfatherforme 2 Ihavefoundmywallet Mywallethasbeenfound 3 Shetoldmetowaithereforher Iwastoldtowaithereforher 39 4 Thepolicewillsurelyarrestthemurderer Themurdererwillsurelybearrestedbythepolice 5 TheyinvitedMr Greentomakeaspeech Mr Greenwasinvitedtomakeaspeech 6 Thestudentscleantheirclassroomeveryday Theirclassroomiscleanedbythestudentseveryday 40 7 Youmustn ttakethosebooksoutofthereading room Thosebooksmustn tbetakenoutofthereading room 8 Idin ttellyouthegirlcoulddothejob Youweren ttoldbymethatthegirlcoulddothejob 9 DopeoplespeakEnglishinyourcountry IsEnglishspokeninyourcountry 41 10 Hegavemeapresent Iwasgivenapresent Apresentwasgiventome 11 Motheroftentellsherchildrenastoryatbedtime Childrenareoftentoldastoryatbedtimebymother Astoryisoftentoldbymothertochildrenatbedtime 42 不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态 不定式有时态和语态的变化 时态共四种 即一般式 完成式 进行式和完成进行式 语态分为主动语态和被动语态 如下表所示 不定式被动式讲与练 43 44 当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态 当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时用被动语态 进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态 45 1现在时 一般现在时表示的动词 有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生 有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后 Heseemstoknowthis Ihopetoseeyouagain IhopethatI llseeyouagain 46 2完成时 表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前 I msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble Heseemstohavecaughtacold 3进行时 强调动作已在延续或动作正在进行 Theyseemtobegettingalongwellwiththeirnewjobs Heseemstobeeatingsomething 47 4完成进行时 表示动作是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前就一直在进行 Theyaresaidtohavebeencollectingstampsforovertwentyyears Heappearstohavebeenwaitingalongtime 48 不定式的被动形式有下列用法 1 作主语 Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere 2 作宾语 SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang 一当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时 不定式一般要采用被动形式 49 3 构成复合宾语 Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce Shedidn tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat 4 构成复合谓语 Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom 50 5 作定语 Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachers office 6 作状语 Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork 51 二 不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式 在句中作主语 宾语 定语 或者构成复合宾语 复合谓语等 如 Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized 主语 Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo 宾语 52 Hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty 复合宾语 Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages 复合谓语 Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost 定语 53 三 不定式的主动形式表示被动 1 在therebe结构中 例如 Thereisalotofhomeworktodo 也可用tobedone Thereisnotimetolose tobelost 54 2 在 n pron be adj todo 结构中 常用的形容词有easy difficult hard impossible nice pleasant light heavy interesting important expensive cheap fit dangerous等 例如 Heishardtoconvince Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith 55 3 在 too todo enough to 结构中 如 Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout tobeworkedout Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein 4 在 with n todo 结构中 例如 With