高中英语 教材核心词汇讲解及训练 新人教版必修2.doc

核心词汇梳理并重点训练必修 227第 27 页 共 27 页unit 1 cultural relicssurvive, design, fancy, doubt, in search of, belong to, at war, think highly of, 情态动词+ have done1. survive vt. 比活得长；（经过）活（保存）下来 vi. 活下来；幸存；残留survive sth 在之后仍然生存，从中逃生survive sb (by) 比活得长（几年）survive on sth 靠存活下来survive from sth 从存活下来；流传下来survivor n. 生还者survival n.u 存活，幸存 c 残存物；幸存事物eg: many birds didnt survive the severe winter.of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.some strange customs have survived from earlier times.注：the old man survived the earthquake, but nobody knew how he survived. finally, he survived his wife by 10 years.2. design n.c设计样式；设计图样；(pl.)不良意图；图谋u设计工艺；设计布局；意图 vt. 设计，计划；目的是；打算给by design = on purpose 有意，故意have designs on / upon sth (money / life)图谋（钱、生命等）be designed for sb / sthbe designed to do sth 为某目的或用途而制造或be designed as sth 计划eg: the magazine will appear in a new design from next month.they asked me to design a poster for the campaign.the method is specifically designed for use in small groups.3. fancy adj. 奇特的；异样的 vt. 想像；设想；爱好 n. 想像；爱好fancy clothes 奇装异服fancy goods 精美小商品fancy + n. + (to be) + n. 认为是fancy + n. + (as) + n. fancy (sbs) doing 想像（某人）做某事fancy that 认为 / 以为have a fancy for 爱好catch / take sbs fancy 合某人的心意；吸引某人take a fancy to sb / sth 喜欢上某人 / 某物eg: do you fancy going out this evening?she fancied herself (as / to be) a serious actress.she fancied that she heard footsteps behind her.注：fancy用作动词，有时用于祈使句，表示惊奇、不相信、震惊等，后加名词、代词等作宾语，如fancy meeting you here！4. doubt n. 怀疑；疑惑 vt. 怀疑；不信 n.常与about / of等介词连用，其后也可接同位语从句。doubt用在否定句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句；用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。注意不可以用if替换whether。 vt.后接名词、代词或宾语从句。在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句；在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。 由doubt组成的一些短语： in doubt 怀疑；拿不定主意 no / without / beyond doubt 无疑地；必定；当然 there is no doubt about / that-clause 毫无疑问eg: there is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.i never doubted that she would come.i doubt whether / if the new one will be any better.this meeting has been, without doubt, one of the most useful we have had so far.5. in search of 寻找in ones / the search for 寻找，寻求search (sb / sth) for sb / sth 为了找到某人 / 某物而搜in memory of 为了纪念in favor of 支持，赞同in honour of 为了纪念；为向表示敬意in (the) hope of 抱有的希望in terms of 谈及；就而言；在方面in view of 鉴于，由于eg: i went off in search of a garage where i could buy some petrol.the police searched the suspect but found no weapon on him.he searched desperately for something to say.注：in search of中search前不带任何限制词，但search前若有the，a或ones时，介词则用for。6. belong to 属于；为的一员belong to表示“是的财产（属于）/ 是的组成部分（属于）/ 是的成员（属于）”。不用于被动语态和进行时态。belong还可用于除to以外的其他介词或副词前面，表示“某人 / 某物处在适当的位置；在这个地方正合适 / 有用”。belongings n. 财产，所有物，相关事物eg: lions and tigers belong to the cat family.have you ever belonged to a political party?where do these plates belong?7. at war 处于交战状态at work 在上班at play 在玩at peace 处于和平中at school 在上学at breakfast 在吃早饭at table 在吃饭at desk 在学习at rest 静止eg: the two countries have been at war for years.at rest the insect looks like a dead leaf.the countries have been at peace for more than a century.注：on也可表示“在中”，常见搭配有：on duty / sale / fire / strike / business / show等。under表示“在”中，常见搭配有：under way / control / repair / construction等。8. think highly of 看重；器重think well / much of 认为好；对评价高think ill / poorly / not much / little of 认为不好，对评价不高think about 考虑，关心think of 想起，记得，觉得怎样think ofas 把当做think over 仔细考虑think nothing of 不把当回事speak highly of 高度赞扬speak well / ill of 说好 / 坏sing high praise for 高度赞扬eg: we all think highly of her.he thinks nothing of walking four miles to work and back every day.i dont think much of her idea.注：当think highly / well / much of用于被动结构时，修饰动词的副词应放在动词之前，即：be highly / well / much thought of。9. frederick william , the king of prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the russian people would have such an amazing history.情态动词 + have done的用法：could have done 本能做某事却未做couldnt / cant have done 对过去的否定推测，表“不可能干了某事”must have done 对过去的肯定推测，表“一定干了某事”may / might have done对过去的推测，表“可能已经干了某事”neednt have done本不必做某事却做了should have done本该做而未做shouldnt have done本不该做却做了eg: she may have said so.in those circumstances we could have done better.you should have told me this earlier.can / could he have read the book?练习：1. in such dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they .a. have survived b. are to survivec. would survive d. will survive2. whether by accident or , he arrived too late to help us. a. purpose b. aim c. design d. chance3. he fancies himself a pop star. a. to be b. as c. / d. all of the above4. you may have your own decision on this matter, and i have little doubt you will succeed. a. if b. whether c. that d. what5. chongqing and wuhan are among the most important cities in china their size and population. a. in favor of b. in case of c. in view of d. in terms of6. a police officer was sent to the crime. a. search b. explore c. survey d. investigate7. he took away the bag not to him by mistake. a. belonged b. belong c. belonging d. belongs8. leading the us womens volleyball team back to her hometown for the beijing olympic games, lang ping felt when she saw some familiar faces. a. at home b. at heart c. at will d. at sight9. im so busy while he is play. a. on b. at c. on the d. at the10. his work was by his boss. a. high thought b. high thought of c. good thought d. well thought of11. -alice looks sad. did you tell her about the accident? -yes, but i her just before her final exams. a. shouldnt tell b. shouldnt have told c. neednt tell d. mustnt have told12. the boy the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult. a. has finished reading b. will finish reading c. cant have finished reading d. cant have finished to readunit 2 the olympic gamescompete, admit, charge, bargain, deserve, take part in, as well, work out, nor / neither + 系动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 另一个主语，asas1. compete vi. 比赛；竞争compete with / against sb for sth 为争取某物和某人对抗compete with sb / sth 与媲美，比得上compete in 参加比赛 / 竞争competition n. 比赛competitive adj. 有竞争力的competitor n. 比赛者；对手eg: we cant compete with them on price.hes hoping to compete in the london marathon.the songs of the birds competed with the sound of the church bells.2. admit vt.&vi. 容许；承认；接纳admit + n. / doing (having done) / that-clause 承认某事 / （已经）做了某事admit to sth / to doing sth 承认admit sb / sth to be 承认某人 / 某物是admit sb to / into 准许某人进入（或加入）admit of 容许it is admitted that 人们公认辨析allow / permit / let / admit： allow强调“默许”。用法：allow sb to do / allow doing sth permit有时可与allow通用，不过它的语气更强，也更正式，可用于“明文规定允许或不允许”，其用法为：permit sb doing / permit sb to do sth eg: the policeman permitted him to park here. let与上面两个可以通用，不过更口语化，而且用法不同，其用法为：let sb do sth。 admit其实只是表示“允许进入，接收（入学、入会等）”，其用法为：admit sb to，这里to是介词。除此之外，admit还可以解释为“承认”。eg: she admits (to) being strict with her children.they freely admit (that) they still have a lot to learn.he admitted having driven the car without insurance.women were only admitted into the club last year.3. charge vt.&vi. 收费；控诉；充电 n. 费用；主管charge sb for sth 收费，要价charge sth to sth 记账charge sb with sth / doing sth 指控，起诉，指责free of charge 免费in charge of 主管，负责in the charge of 由负责 / 掌管take charge of 主管，负责eg: do you think museums should charge for admission?he was charged with murder.he took charge of the farm after his fathers death.4. bargain vi. 讨价还价；讲条件 n. 便宜货bargain with sb about / over / for sth （和某人就某事）讨价还价bargain sth away 做亏本交易bargain for / on 预料到，料想到（常用于否定句）make a bargain with sb 和某人达成协议a good / bad bargain 买得（不）合算eg: in the market dealers were bargaining with growers over the price of coffee.he and his partner had made a bargain to tell each other everything.the car was a bargain at that price.5. deserve vi.&vt. 应受（报答或惩罚）；值得deserve consideration / attention 值得考虑 / 注意deserve to do 应该deserve doing sth 应该，值得get what you deserve deserve all / everything you get 罪有应得eg: the report deserves careful consideration.they didnt deserve to win.he deserves to be locked up for ever for what he did.= he deserves locking up for ever for what he did.6. take part in 参加辨析join / join in / join sb in (doing) sth / take part in / attend： join“参加”，指加入党派、社会团体、军队等并成为其中一员。 join in表示“参加某种活动”，in可为介词，也可为副词。 join sb in (doing) sth表示“参加某人所从事的活动”。 take part in指参加群众性活动、会议并在其中起作用。 attend是正式用语，指参加会议、婚礼、典礼；听报告、讲座等。一般指成为观众或听众。eg: how many countries took part in the 29th olympic games in beijing?many young girls join aerobics classes to keep slim.im sure youll all join me in wishing ted and lawra a very happy marriage.the meeting was attended by 90% of share holders.7. as well 也；又；还 as well as用作连词，连接两个相同的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词等，通常不位于句首。此时as well as强调的重点在前面，不在后面，意为“不但而且；既又；除了之外，还有”。翻译时要先译后面，在译前面。 当主语含有as well as时，谓语动词须和as well as前面的主语在数上保持一致。 as well as作介词，相当于besides，in addition to，意为“除之外”，后面通常接名词或动词-ing形式。 as well as结构还可表示比较，引导一个比较状语从句，意为“和一样好”。 as well相当于too和also，用于肯定句中，表示“也，又，而且”，用于句尾。eg: he is sensible as well as kind.the organization encourages members to meet on a regular basis, as well as providing them with financial support.im going to london and my sisters going as well.注：和as well as的用法一样，连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致的词或短语还有：with，along with，together with，but，besides，rather than等。eg：mr brown together with his wife and three children has been in china for 3 years.8. work out 解决；计算出；设计出；结果；锻炼work against 努力反对work as 当，做工作work at 从事work for 努力促成，为工作work on 从事，继续eg: ive worked out a new way of doing it.i wondered how their ideas worked out in practice.he is working on a new novel.he works out regularly to keep fit.9. no other country could join in, nor could slaves or women! 句型“nor / neither + 系动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 另一个主语”用于否定陈述句之后，表示“也不”，相当于either用于否定句。 句型“so + 系动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 另一个主语”用于肯定陈述句之后，表示前句所说的情况也适合于另一个人或物。 句型“so it is (was) with + 另一主语”既能表示肯定意义，又能表示否定意义，其主要用于以下情况：上下文有两个分句；上下文有两个或两个以上不同谓语；上下文既有肯定也有否定。 句型“so + 主语 + 系动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词”中的主语与前一句的主语通常是指同一个“人”或“物”，主语、谓语不需要倒装。这种句型表示说话者赞同前句所提到的情况或事实，其中so作“不错；确实如此”讲。 句型“主语 + do + so”中，so和动词do连用，替代上下文中出现过的动宾结构或动状结构，以避免重复。eg: i have never been abroad, neither / nor has he.you can ride a bike. so can i.-tom studies hard and is a good student.-so it is the same with jack.10. theres as much competition among countries to host the olympics as to win olympic medals. asas“像一样，正如”，第一个as是副词，修饰形容词或副词的原级；第二个as是连词，引导让步状语从句。在否定句中也可改为“not as / soas，意为”不如“ 有关asas的短语：as soon as 一就as / so long as 只要as much / many as 多达；达到之多 so / as far as 远至；就而言as well as 也；又asas possible 尽可能as good as 实际上；几乎等于eg: i havent known him as long as you (have known him).he was as white as sheet.she doesnt play as well as her sister.teaching is as much an art as it is a science.练习：1. more than 10, 000 competitors from the world came to beijing to compete each other medals in 2008. a. for; against b. against; with c. with; for d. for; with2. the graduates into the company usually receive strict training before they start to work. a. accepted b. accepting c. admitted d. admitting3. would you please give us an example your opinion on “two olympics, equal splendor”? a. in charge of b. in want of c. in favor of d. in honor of4. the children were left charge of a nurse. a. in b. to the c. in the d. with5. 我们已经讲好了，他买东西我做饭。 6. 我们没有预料到这样的天气突变。 7. 这些建议值得考虑。 8. 改错：would you like to join us for the game? how many of us will take part in?9. -you seemed to be deeply struck by his skill. -not exactly. it was his courage his skill that really struck me most. a. rather b. as well as c. but also d. not as10. people had to deal with the lack of food, clothing, fuel and almost everything, the danger from enemy action. a. as far as b. as long as c. as well as d. as soon as11. the bank manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to the investment plan. a. work out b. put out c. make out d. bring out12. if you dont go to toms party, . a. i dont go either b. so will i c. neither will i d. nor do i 13. language belongs to each one of us, to the flower sellers to the professor. a. as much as b. as far as c. the same as d. as long as14. -what is the new bridge like? -well, it is now of the old one. a. more than the width twice b. twice more than the width c. more than twice as wide as d. twice more than as wide as15. -its getting dark, but mr johnson is still at his office. -no surprise. who else can he does? a. do less work than b. work as hardly as c. work as hard as d. be working hardly likeunit 3 computerscalculate, anyhow, signal, type, arise, in a way, with the help of, deal with, watch over, so / suchthat1. calculate v. 计算，计划，打算；估计calculation n. 计算，推算calculator n. 计算器，计算者calculating adj. 有私心的；精明的be calculated to do sth 打算或计划做某事a calculated risk 有意进行的冒险calculate on doing sth 指望或依靠某事物eg: we havent calculated the cost of the vacation yet.the advertisements are calculated to attract young single consumers.it has been calculated that at least 47, 000 jobs were lost last year.2. anyhow adv. 无论如何；即使如此 “无论如何，不管怎样；总之；尽管如此”。作此意讲时，anyhow和anyway一样，都用作让步状语，一般置于句中（其前常有连词but）或句末。 “况且，更何况，再说，至少”。作此意讲时，可用来作状语，对前面的话作补充，给出一个令人信服的理由，此时anyhow常出现在句首或最后的分句之首，而不出现在句末。 “粗心地，随意地”。作此意讲时，anyhow不可与anyway互换。eg: i must finish my homework before going to bed anyhow.anyhow, you can try.his clothes were thrown down anyhow.3. signal vi.&vt. 发信号 n. 信号a danger / warning / distress signal 危险 / 警告 / 遇难信号traffic signals 交通信号灯a stop signal 停车信号signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事signal to sb 向某人示意signal (sb) that 示意辨析symbol / sign / signal / mark：均含“标志，象征，符号”之意。 symbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。 sign普通用词，指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。 signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。 mark普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。eg: all i get is a busy signal whenever i dial his number.he signaled (to) the waiter for the bill.she signaled (to) him to follow her.4. type n. 类型，种类，样式 v. 打字a rare blood type 罕见的血型different racial types 不同的人种type up 打印出来辨析kind / type： kind表示种类时，用于指性质相同且具有相似特征的东西。如a kind of paper type比较具体，主要指类型、型号和样式。如different blood typeseg: she mixes with all types of people.how fast can you type?this letter needs to be typed again.5. arise vi. 出现；发生；起身，起床作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为以下抽象名词：argument / problem / quarrel / question / movementarise from 由而引起；从中产生辨析arise / arouse / rise / raise：原形过去式过去分词v.-ingarise(vi.)出现,发生,起因于arosearisenarisingarouse (vt.)唤醒，激起arousedarousedarousingrise(vi.)升起,起身,增长,上升roserisenrisingraise(vt.)举起,唤起,提高,饲养raisedraisedraisingeg: how did this quarrel arise?he arose from his seat.accidents often arise from carelessness.注：arise为不及物动词，没有被动语态。6. in a way 在某种程度上all the way 一路上；自始至终；完全by the way 顺便说by way of 经由，途径in no way 一点也不；决不in the way 挡事；碍事no way! 俚别想！没门！on ones way / the way to 在路上give way (to) 让步，屈服eg: why dont you stop by our place on your way to boston?there is no way were going to get this task finished on time.dont stand in the way.by the way, have you seen my umbrella anywhere?7. with the help of 在的帮助下help sb out 帮助某人度过难关 / 摆脱困境help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 help (to) do sth 帮着做某事help oneself to 自用（食物）；擅自取用cant help doing sth 禁不住做某事cannot help but do sth 不得不做某事，只得做某事eg: she spoke with us with the help of an interpreter.i worked out the problem with the teachers help.i cannot help but admit he is right.if you want another drink, just help yourself.8. deal with 处理；安排；对付deal with和do with都可表示“处理；对付”，do with常与连接代词what连用，而deal with常与连接副词how连用。eg: i dont know how they will deal with the problem.= i dont know what they will do with the problem.deal with a man as he deals with you.this is a book dealing with asian problems.they have learned to deal with all sorts of people.9. watch over 看守；监视；照看watch for 留意，观察等待watch out (for) 警惕或注意；提防keep