高中英语五种基本句型及巩固练习.doc

高中英语五种基本句型及巩固练习课件1.主谓结构2.主谓宾结构3.双宾语结构4.复合宾语结构5. 主系表结构英语基本句型-1主谓结构本结构是由主语加不及物(vi)的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。 主要做不及物动词有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed ，get，feel，keep， look， make， prove， remain， rest， rise， seem， stand， stay， turn，last, begin, start, weigh, smile, cry, laugh, appear, disappear, jump, fly主谓结构 如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-例如定语，谓语可有修饰语-例如状语。如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.巩固练习：1她昨天回家很晚。 She went home very late yesterday evening. 2会议将持续两个小时。 The meeting will last two hours. 3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 41919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.5每天八时开始上课。Classes begin at eight every day. 6这个重五公斤。The box weighs five Kg.Translate the following sentences:1.会议有可能开两个半小时.2. 正在睡觉的婴儿笑了.3.虽然在下大雨, 但火车还是准时到达.4.这里有些动物已经灭绝了.5.这些苹果很好卖。16. Barking dogs seldom bite. 爱叫的狗不咬人.17.A willing helper doesnt wait until he is asked. 乐于助人者总是主动助人.18. 虽然在下大雨, 但火车还是准时到达. The train arrived on time though it rained hard .19. 他通过乞讨为生. He lives by begging .20. 这里有些动物已经灭绝了. Some animals here have died out.21. 可怜的TOM 穿得破破烂烂. The poor Tom dressed poorly.22.这个病人不可不吃东西,但要吃不含糖的东西. The sick man must not go without food, but he must have a diet without sugar.23. 我的腿还在疼. My leg still hurts.24. 火已经熄灭了. The fire has gone out.25.最后他们赢了. They won in the end.26. 1937年爆发了抗日战争. The Anti-Japanese broke out in 1937.27.她不再哭了. She didnt cry any more.28. 他一直走到山边。 He walked as far as the hillside.29.这支笔很好写。 The pen writes smoothly.30. 这些苹果很好卖。 These apples sell well.31. 水果不易保鲜。 Fruits cant keep well.32. 这种布很易洗。 This kind of cloth washes easily.33. 她高兴地跳起来了。 He jumped with joy.34.你做得很好。 You are doing well/fine.35. 表坏了。 The clock doesnt work now.36. 用石头建成的房子比用木头建的房子更耐用一些。 A house built of stones lasts longer than that built of wood.37. 李教授,很多学生想见你. 是让他们在这里等还是在外面?等? Professor Li , many students want to see you. Shall they wait here or outside?38. 她疼得哭了起来。 She cried with pain.39.校长笑着进来了。 The headmaster came in with a laugh/smile.40. 这间房子的窗户朝南。 The window of this house faces south.41. 你是谁没关系. 但你会干什么有关系。 It doesnt matter who you are , but it matters what you can do.42. 我在这里一直等到10 点钟。 I waited here until 10 oclock.43. 他急急忙忙地走了。 He left in a hurry.44. 两天后,天放晴了。 Two days later , it cleared up in the end.45.汽车的价格会下降的. The price of the car will go down/fall.46. 这本杂志什么时候会出版? When will the magazine come out ?47. 这个工程什么时候开工? When will the project start ? 48. 他为什么哭了? Why did he cry ?49. 这个事情怎么发生的? How did it happen ?50. 除了你,还有三个人赢了。 Besides you , three other people also won英语基本句型-2主谓宾结构本结构是由主语+及物动词(vt)+宾语构成。及物动词所表达的动作不仅和主语有关，还影响到一个宾语.buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell，know, promise英语基本句型-2主谓宾结构本结构是由主语+及物动词(vt)+宾语构成。如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a present.巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。 I wrote a letter last night. 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 I want to talk with you this afternoon.3这本书他读过多次He has read this book many times.4他们成功地完成了计划。They have carried out the plan successfully. 5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。That gentleman can speak three languages fluently6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia. 7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。Jim cannot dress himself.8我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.9. 他不知道说什麽好。All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10. 我开窗户你在意吗？Do you mind my opening the window? 英语基本句型3 双宾语结构用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare(节省) 等。巩固练习：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 Mr. Johnson taught us German last year. Mr. Johnson taught German to us last year.2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Grandma told an interesting story to me last night. 3. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？Shall I call you a taxi? Shall I call a taxi for you?4他把车票给列车员看。 He showed the conductor the ticker.He showed the ticket to the conductor.5新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。The new machine will save you a lot of labor.The new machine will save a lot of labor for you. 4他把车票给列车员看。 He showed the ticket to the conductor.5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？Shall I call you a taxi?6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。The new machine will save you a lot of labour.7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.英语基本句型4 复合宾语结构“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。能带宾语补足语的动词有：make,keep,find.think,name,call,hear,seem,leave等英语基本句型4 复合宾语结构可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。1. 宾补是名词 ： They made Tom monitor.2. 宾补是形容词：The sun keeps us warm. 3. 宾补是副词： Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister.4. 宾补是介词短语:To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.5. 宾补是动词不定式：Teacher asked us to listen to her. 6. 宾补是分词： You must get your hair cut. 英语基本句型4 复合宾语结构7. 用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family常用的谓语动词有：find/think/realize/consider/feel/believe我发现做作业真的很难。I find it difficult to do the homework.巩固练习：1我们叫她Alice。We call her Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。We all consider him honest3. 卫兵命令我们立即离开。 The guards ordered us to leave at once. 4. 他感到很难跟你交谈He felt it very difficult to talk with you.巩固练习：1我要你把真相告诉我。 I want you to tell me the truth.2他们已经把小偷释放了。They have set the thief free.3. 他每个月理一次发。 He has his hair cut once a month.4. 我们不会让她在晚上外出的We wont let her go out at night.5我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。I consider it possible to work out the problemin another way.7从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.8公共汽车来了。There comes the bus. 9就只剩下二十八美元了。 There remained only twenty eight dollars.10铃响了。 There goes the bell. 英语基本句型-5主系表结构 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等，系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand； 3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; 英语基本句型-5主系表结构 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主 语的特征，类属，状态，身份等,表语有: 形容词，名词，数词，动名词，动词不定式，副词，介词短语。1. 形容词作表语：The cake tastes delicious.2. 名词作表语：I am a teacher.3. 数词做表语Our math teacher is thirty years old.4. 动名词做表语Our task is building socialism.cc5. 动名词做表语To see is to believe.6. 副词做表语 （here there ; where in ; out; off; away; on ;over; abroad ）Is anybody in ?7. 介词短语做表语The machine is of use.=(useful)巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长。In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.3孩子们很少保持安静。Children seldom keep quiet. 4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.5他失业了。 He is out of work.6树叶已经变黄了。The leaves have turned yellow.7这个报告听起来很有意思。The report sounds interesting.英语基本句型6 There be 句型 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，意思是 “有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 :there be =live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。英语基本句型6 There be 句型 there be =live, stand, come, go, li