高考英语一轮复习 语法点专题讲解 省略.doc

英语中的省略现象在英语中，为了避免重复，句子中的某些部分经常省略，给同学的理解增加了困难。现对省略现象总结如下:一、并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略。1. this beeper works well，but that one doesnt (work well). 这个寻呼机工作正常，但那个就不行。2. all uranium atoms do not have the same atomic weight. some of them weigh 234 units，some (of them) (weigh) 235 units，and some (of them) (weigh) 238 units. 所有的铀原子并非都有相同的原子量。其中有的重234，有的重235，而有的重238。二、在when，while，if，as if，though(或although)，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。1. when (water is) pure，water is a colorless liquid. 水纯净时，是无色的液体。2. when (i am) in trouble i always turn to her for help. 我困难时总是找她帮助。3. errors，if any，should be corrected. 如果有什么错误，就应当改正。(if后省略了there are)4. wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning. 木头燃烧时，它放出很多烟。5. the letter is to be left here until (it is) called for. 这封信留在这里待领。6. henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something. 亨利向四周环视，似乎在寻找什么。7. she studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak. 她尽管体弱，但学习仍十分努力。三、 当见到“when (或if，where，wherever，whenever，as soon as，as fast as，than等) + possible/necessary等”时，可理解中间省略了it is(或was)。1. answer these questions，if (it is) possible without referring to the book. 如果有可能，请不看书回答这些问题。2. when (it is) necessary you can help us to do something. 必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。四、有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that。1. it seems (或appears) (that) joe is out，not jack. 外出不在的似乎是乔，不是杰克。2. it is an honor (that) i was invited to your birthday party. 我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。3. its a pity (that) you cant operate a computer. 很遗憾，你不会操作计算机。4. it is the third time (that) i have come to china. 这是我第三次来中国。五、在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom，which，that。that is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week. 那就是我们上周议论的淘气男孩。六、在direction(方向)，way(方式)，distance(距离)，time(时间)，times(倍数)等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that，which，in which。1. the direction (in which) we move a body can be changed. 我们移动物体的方向是可以改变的。2. the distance (which或that) light travels in one second is 300，000 kilometers. 光每秒走的距离是30万公里。七、以there be开头的句子，其主语的定语从句常可省略关联词，而there be结构作定语从句时，省略作主语的关系代词。1. there is a chance dr. li will be able to be back for may day. 李博士也许有机会能回来过“五一节”。2. we have to make a list of all the books there are on the subject. 我们必须把所有关于这个题目的书列出一个单子。八、命令句、惊叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省略最为常见。1. open the door! 开门!2. why not? 为什么不?3. why so? 为什么这样?4. anybody wishing to go? 谁愿意去啊?九、用so，not或其它手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句义，是nmet的常考项目。1. can emily do this work? 埃米莉能做这件工作吗? i think so. 我想她行。 i think not (或i dont think so). 我想她不行。2. did you know anything about it? 这件事你以前知道吗? not until you told me. 你告诉了我，才知道。3. he has gone. no one knows where (he has gone). 他走了，谁也不知道他去什么地方了。4. jenny knows what (is to be done)! 詹妮有办法!十、当用强调句型强调疑问词时，常省略强调句型中的that。1. when was it (that) you received his e-mail? 你收到他的电子邮件是什么时候?2. we dont know who it was (that) called the doctor? 我们不知道是谁请了医生?十一、某些形容词要求后面接一固定的介词短语，若接一从句，则只用that或疑问词直接引出从句，从而省略原有的介词。1. we are certain(省去of)that air is a mixture. 我们可以肯定，空气是混合物。2. she is doubtful (省去about) whether she can complete it in time. 她怀疑她能否按时完成。十二、用to表示前述动词(包括谓语或非谓语动词)及其短语。1. you may go online if you like (to) (go online). 你如果想上网就可以上网。2. nothing can stop the boy from playing video games when he wants to (play). 当这男孩想玩电子游戏时，没有东西可阻碍他玩。十三、在某些动词后含有宾语补语或主语补语的复合结构中省略to be或being的情况。1. they found the answer (to be) correct. 他们发现答案正确。2. this conclusion proved (to be) correct. 这个结论原来是正确的。十四、新闻标题要求简练醒目，需根据上下文的语境推敲其省略部分。1. boy 14，rescued from cliff face. 从峭壁上救下14岁的男孩(a boy of 14 has been rescued from cliff face.)。2. american president to fly to london. 美国总统将飞往伦敦(american president is to fly to london.)。十五、注意在一些固定短语中某些介词的省略。have trouble (in) sleeping难于入睡。spend ones evenings (in) reading novels 把晚上的时间花费在看小说上。be busy (in) doing sth. (他)忙于做某事。th