四级写作替换词.doc

写作四级考试的写作部分有其固有的特点，即对作文的话题、观点和字数都有严格的限制，重点考查的是考生的英语书面表达能力。作为四级阅卷老师，比较熟悉阅卷老师的普遍心理。在阅卷过程中，老师最重视的是考生的语言表达，“言之无文，行而不远”，考生作文的语言使用能力对评 分起着决定性作用。然而，语言的贫乏向来是中国考生写作的通病。四级写作中，经常会出现整篇作文一个词用到底的情况，例如一遇到“改变/变化”就是 change，“影响”就是effect，“流行”就是popular， “因为”就是because，“意识到”就是realize等。试想一下，阅卷老师在批阅了无数篇作文并产生了审美疲劳后，最想看到什么？肯定是一些能让人眼前一亮的词汇或短语。所以，考生就要从用词的多样性方面来吸 引阅卷老师的眼球。其实英语词汇是很丰富的，同一个意思可以有很多不同的词汇来表达。下面表格列举了一些常见词汇的多种表达方式。常见词汇的多种表达方式中文词汇不同的英文表达方式改变change, modify,alter,shift,transform,convert保护protect,conserve, safeguard保存save,preserve,conserve,keep,store流行popular, prevalent, prevailing,universal想到thinkof,comeupwith,occurto/strikesb., cometo,remind,suggest看作regardas,lookon/consider/view/see/takeas因为because,owingto,thanksto,dueto,asaresultof, invirtueof,onaccountof,resultingfrom.,considering关于about,withregardto,asregards,concerning,relatingto因此so,accordingly,consequently,hence,thereby, inthisway,forthisreason不同different,differ,varyfromto,conflicting,diverse, diversified,various,avarietyof吸引人的attractive,appealing,inviting,tempting,fascinating, charming,alluring,glamorous,absorbing,enticing希望以上的表格能起到抛砖引玉的作用，也提醒考生在写作时注意多体现词汇的多样性，词汇丰富了，整篇作文也就有了色彩。除此以外，考生在写作时还需注意以下事项：1. 字迹清晰。由于四级作文的阅卷方式是先扫描后复制到电脑上，然后由阅卷老师在电脑上阅卷，所以在阅卷老师主观判卷的过程中，作文的框架以及书写的整洁程度 会对最终的分数产生很大的影响。笔者建议考生采用黑色水笔作答，这样可以显得更加清晰。同时提醒考生，切勿将答题卡折叠。2. 严格按给定提纲的顺序写作。考生在组织作文的写作思路时，要严格按照提纲给定的要求写作。当然，考生也可以灵活运用写作套路，使用一些经典词汇或句型，把提纲句作为中心句放在每段的开头，后面再加上由逻辑词连接的分支观点，做到“以不变应万变”。3. 文章至少三段。四级写作的判卷规则有一条是这样规定的：只写一段 07分；两段09分。因此，笔者建议考生至少写三段内容。4. 保证字数。四级写作规定的字数是120词或150词左右，每少10个单词扣1分，因而考生在写作时一定要注意达到相应字数。所以，四六级的作文把握三大点即可助你起步！在考场上不至于无从下手，即：扣题，够数，架构清晰。紧扣题目展开内容；字数一定要够；整篇文章的架构要清晰。记住这三点，动笔没问题。除此之外，在基本分数保证的情况下，文章中的“闪光点”是拉开分数距离的关键；有很多词语对大家来说还只是出于能够“识别”却应用无能的状态。将这些亮点词汇烂熟于心，不仅不会占用你太长时间，对于临时抱佛脚的童鞋们来说，考场上信手拈来，相信会为你的文章增色不少！举例Take . as an example.Lets take . as an example.A good case in point is that.Just think of ., which (who).毫无疑问Undoubtedly unquestionablybeyond doubtout of question从某种意义上来说to some extent整体看来On the whole/Generally speaking此外FurthermoreMoreoverBesidesEqually importantIn addition to相反On the contraryUnlikeOn the one handon the other handDifferent from一、比较1. The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.2The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.3A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that.4It is reasonable to maintain that .but it would be foolish to claim that.5For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.6Like anything else, it has its faults.7A and B has several points in common.8A bears some resemblances to B.9However, the s me is not applicable to B.10. A and B differ in several ways.11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.12. People used to think ., but things are different now.13. The same is true of B.14. Wondering as A ., it has its drawbacks.15. It is true that A . , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are .二、原因1. A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.4. The factors that contribute to this situation include.5. The change in .largely results from the fact that.6. We may blame .,but the real causes are.7. Part of the explanations for it is that .8. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that .9. Another contributing factor (cause ) is .10. Perhaps the primary actor is that 11. But the fundamental cause is that .三、后果1. It may give rise to a host of problems.2. The immediate result it produces is .3. Its consequence can be so great that.四、批驳1. It is true that ., but one vital point is being left out.2. There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3. Some people say ., but it does not hold water.4. Many of us have been under the illusion that.5. A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.6. It makes no sense to argue for .7. Too much stress placed on . may lead to .8. Suc a statement mainly rests on the assumption that .9. Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that .五、举例1. A good case in point is .2. As an illustration, we may take .3. Such examples might be given easily.4. .is often cited as an example.六、证明1. No one can deny the fact that .2. The idea is hardly supported by facts.3. Unfortunately, none of the available data shows .4. Recent studies indicate that .5. There is sufficient evidence to show that .6. According to statistics proved by ., it can be seen that .七、开篇1. Many nations have been faced with the problem of .2. Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3. Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.4. Recently the issue has aroused great concern among .5. Nowadays there is a growing concern over .6. Never in our history has the idea that . been so popular.7. Faced with ., quite a few people argue that .8. According to a recent survey, .9. With the rapid development of ., .八、结尾1. From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that .2. It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop .3. It is necessary that steps should be taken to .4. In conclusion, it is imperative that .5. There is no easy method, but .might be of some help.6. To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must .7. In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop u