Book 1 Unit 5.doc

.重点单词识记1generous /denrs/ adj.慷慨的；大方的2found /fand/ vt.建立；建设3principle /prInspl/ n法则；原理；原则4guidance /aIdns/ n指导；领导5hopeful /hpfl/ adj.怀有希望的，有希望的 6vote /vt/ v& n投票，选举7attack /tk/ vt.进攻，攻击；抨击 8escape /IskeIp/ vi.逃脱，逃走；泄露 9relative /reltIv/ n亲戚，亲属10terror /ter/ n恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动11quality /kwltI/ n质量；品质；性质quantity n数量，量12active /ktIv/ adj.积极的；活跃的actively adv.积极地；活跃地activity n. 活动13devote /dIvt/ vt.献身，专心于devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的devotion n关爱；献身，奉献；忠诚14peaceful /pisfl/ adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的peacefully adv.和平地peace n和平；平静；和睦15legal /lil/ adj.法律的；依照法律的illegal (反义词) adj.非法的，违法的16violence /vaIlns/ n暴力；暴行violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的17equal /ikwl/ adj.相等的；平等的equality n平等，相等 equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地18educate /edkeIt/ vt.教育；训练educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的education n教育educator n教育工作者，教育家19beg /be/ vi.请求；乞求beggar n乞丐20reward /rIwd/ n报酬；奖金；vt.酬劳；奖赏rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的.重点短语识记1out of work失业2as a matter of fact/in fact事实上3blow up使充气；爆炸 4in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5turn to求助于；致力于6lose heart丧失勇气或信心7come to power上台；当权8set up设立，建立；搭起9be sentenced to被判处(徒刑)10in ones opinion在某人看来.经典原句默写与背诵1However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。2The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。3.we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.我们被置于这样一种境地：要么被迫承认我们低人一等，要么与政府作斗争。4.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。5I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次跟一个团队说话时，我感觉很糟。1Although he is quite old，he leads an active life.His activities include tennis and painting.(active)2Everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)3After retiring from the basketball field，Yao Ming decided to get further education(educate) in Shanghai Jiao Tong University.4Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is cruel(cruelty) to eat animals.5Doctor Smith will be with you as your guidance(guide)6We had a peaceful(peace) afternoon without the children.7Hopefully(hopeful)，Ill be able to stay at home for three weeks this time.8The youth(young) of today have greater opportunities than ever before.9Its illegal(legal) to drive a car without a drivers license.10Her son，to whom she was so devoted(devote)，went abroad ten years ago.1high/good/top quality高质量poor/bad/low quality质量差be of high quality质量高The food is of the highest quality.这种食品质量最优。What is the quality you most admire in others?你最羡慕其他人的什么品质？夯实基础翻译句子(1)质量比数量更重要。Quality is more important than quantity.(2)他是一个高素质的人。He is a man of high quality.2devote.to.把致力于，专心于devoted adj.忠实的be devoted to致力于，献身于；热爱devotion n.奉献；关照Besides，she often devotes her spare time to helping others.而且，她经常把业余时间用来帮助他人。(2010浙江书面表达)However，as I stepped into Senior Three，I had to devote most of my spare time to studying.但是当升入高三后，我不得不把大多数业余时间都用来学习。Alanna has always shown intense devotion to her children.阿立娜一直非常钟爱她的孩子们。夯实基础(1)用devote的适当形式填空He is highly thought of because of his devotion to duty.His life is one devoted to the people.(2)同义句改写She was devoted to her study and she took the first place in the exam.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)Devoted to her study，she took the first place in the exam.3 vote v.投票，表决；建议；n.选票；投票；表决vote for投票赞成vote against投票反对vote on投票表决vote to do.表决做某事He was voted the most promising new director.他当选为最有前途的新导演。The plan was passed by 6 votes to 3.这项计划以6票对3票获得通过。夯实基础(1)语法填空Did you vote for or against her?If we cant agree，well have to vote on it.(2)Fearing that most of the citizens voted against him，he wore a smile.因担心大多数人投票反对他，他脸上总是露出微笑。4in ones position处于某人的位置(状况)in position在适当的位置out of position不在适当的位置take the position that.认为Im really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.我真的对这个职位感兴趣，希望能为你工作。(2011辽宁书面表达)The position of the lamp will give the best light.这盏灯现在放的位置照明效果最佳。Leave the bandage in position until the doctor tells you to remove it.让绷带保持原样，直到医生叫你拆掉为止。特别提醒当position后跟定语从句且position在从句中作状语时，引导词应用where。夯实基础(1)When he applied for a position in the office of the local newspaper，he was told to see the manager.当他向当地报社申请职位时，人们要他去见经理。(2)The agency takes the position that their products are bestsellers.代理商认为他们的产品最畅销。5allow doing.允许做某事allow sb.to do.允许某人做allow sb.sth.允许某人某事allow for考虑到The reason is often that the pressure from their parents allows them almost no time for other activities.原因是来自父母的压力几乎让他们没有时间从事其他的活动。(2011陕西书面表达)We dont allow smoking in our home.在我们家里不允许吸烟。He was allowed to leave the country.他获准离开该国。夯实基础用所给词的适当形式填空(1)The children are not allowed to watch(watch) violent TV programmes.(2)We dont allow eating(eat) in the classroom.(3)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate(communicate) freely with each other.6 equal adj.相同的，相等的(the same in.)；平等的；相当的；能胜任的(fit；capable)；n.同等的人；相等物；v.与相等，等于(be the same in.)；比得上；抵得过(be as good as.)be equal in在方面比得上be equal to sth./doing sth.等于；与相等；胜任on equal terms在对等的条件下without equal/have no equal无与伦比He is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。Though she is young，she has no equal in music.尽管她很年轻，在音乐方面没有人能比得上她。夯实基础(1)用所给词的适当形式填空I dont think he is equal to doing(do) this kind of work，so I cant hire him.(2)一句多译他能胜任这项工作。He is equal to the job.(equal)He is up to the job.(up)He is fit for the job.(fit)He is qualified to do the job.(qualified)7in reward for为奖赏as a reward for作为对的奖赏reward sb.for sth.因某事而奖赏某人reward sb.with sth.用某物回报某人He received a medal in reward for his bravery.他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。He was given a medal as a reward for his service.作为对所提供服务的奖赏，他得到了一枚奖章。夯实基础(1)He received a reward of $900(900美元的奖金) from the police for catching the criminal.(2)It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards(奖励)8in ones opinionin the opinion of sb.在某人看来have a good/bad/high/low opinion of sb./sth.对评价好/不好/高/低In my opinion，people need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying.依我看，人们应该学会接受现实并不断努力。(2013北京开放作文)特别提醒(1)英语中“表达意见”通常用express/give/offer ones opinion，而不说make ones opinion。(2)英语习惯上用what询问某人的意见或看法，而不用how。(3)英语中常用according to sb.或in ones opinion来表示“根据某人的意见”。夯实基础(1)In my opinion(我认为)，you should go there by yourself.(2)Opinions vary(观点不同) from person to person on this issue.(3)Most of the audience had a high opinion of(对评价高) the performance of our athletes in the 16th Asian Games.1He found himself really in trouble this time.2Their talk turned to the change that had taken place in the city.3The first time I saw him，I was amazed at his devotion to his career.4It is said that when the new president comes to power，he will have to face many difficult problems.5I didnt lose heart and kept running.1As a matter of fact，Ive never been there before.事实上，我以前从未去过那儿。夯实基础(1)同义句改写He appears to be strong and healthy，but in fact，he suffers from a heart attack.(用in fact的同义短语改写句子)He appears to be strong and healthy，but as a matter of fact，he suffers from a heart attack.He appears to be strong and healthy，but in truth/reality/practice/nature，he suffers from a heart attack.(2)翻译句子其实，做这件事的就是我。As a matter of fact，I was the one who did it.2turn to sb.for help向某人求助turn down拒绝turn out结果是；证明是take turns to do./in doing.轮流做in turn依次；轮流；相应地by turns 轮流地However，when it is something beyond my competence，I turn to my classmates or teachers for help.但是当事情超出我的能力时，我向同学或老师求助。(2011安徽书面表达)Then I turned to my teacher and he advised me to cooperate with others.然后我向老师求助，他建议我和其他同学合作。(2011湖北短文写作)夯实基础用turn短语的适当形式填空(1)You look upset.Whats the matter?I had my proposal turned down again.(2)You can turn to your teacher for help if you are in trouble.(3)Dont worry.All will turn out right.3lose ones heart to sb.爱上某人lose ones temper发脾气lose ones patience失去耐心lose ones way迷路We didnt win the match，but we didnt lose heart.我们没有赢得比赛，但我们没有灰心。(2013湖南书面表达)夯实基础用lose短语的适当形式填空(1)I found Ive lost my heart to you.(2)My grandfather became fierce when he lost his temper.(3)Weve kept waiting for almost an hour；I lost my patience.(4)The team had won no games and it lost heart.1I was touched by her beautiful voice the first time I listened to her singing(我第一次听她演唱)2Only in this way can we(只有用这种方法我们才能) solve the problem as soon as possible.3When I went by his window，I saw him doing his homework(我看见他正在做作业)4My hometown has witnessed/seen/found great changes(我的家乡发生了巨大的变化) in the past 20 years.5The baby has reached the stage where(到了这个阶段) he can stand up.1 He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969.1969年7月，他成为第一个登上月球的人。(1)动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，即后置定语。(2)当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及the only，the very修饰时，常用不定式作定语。(3)to come将来的；to spare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。(4)修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，有时可转换为介词短语。I caught the train with only a few seconds to spare.我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了火车。夯实基础(1)用所给词的适当形式填空The captain is the last to leave(leave) the ship.The ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.Volunteering gives you a chance to change(change) lives，including your own.That is the only way we can imagine to reduce(reduce) the overuse of water in students bathrooms.(2)翻译句子他总是第一个回答问题。He is always the first to answer questions.2 .only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.直到那时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only状语置于句首，句子用倒装语序。“only副词、介词短语、从句”放在句首时，句子用部分倒装形式。Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.只有这样，我们才能生活在一个舒适美丽的环境中。(2012福建书面表达)Only by saying polite words can you get on well with others.只有说话礼貌你才能和其他人相处得好。(2010江西书面表达)特别提醒(1)only从句放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。(2)only修饰主语时不倒装。夯实基础(1)单句改错Only when had he studied the data again he realized that there was a mistake.Only when he had studied the data again did he realize that there was a mistake.Only can man speak.Only man can speak.(2)同义句改写The patients can be treated only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent.(改为倒装句)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated.3the first time作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：the moment，the minute，the second，the instant，the day，the week，the month，the year，each/every/next/any/last time，immediately，instantly，directly等。He paid back the money he owed us immediately he returned home.他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。Every time I see the old man in the park，he is absorbed in reading papers.每次在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报。特别提醒for the first time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。夯实基础(1)单句改错The first time in her life Jennie realized that so many people were loving her in the world.The first timeFor the first time(2)同义句改写I fell in love with you the moment I saw you.I fell in love with you as soon as I saw you.(用as soon as改写句子)I fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly I saw you.(用以ly结尾的连词改写句子)用定语从句的引导词完成句子(1)What is the name of the town where we stayed last night?(2)Please leave the book where it was.(3)This is the reason why/for which he cried.(4)July，when/in which we can go home for a rest，is coming soon.(5)I shall never forget the days when I lived in the country with my parents.语法填空根据课文内容完成下面的短文Nelson Mandela,1.born on July 18,1918，is the first black president of South Africa. He studied law 2.after he entered university. Then in 1952 he set up a law office to help poor black people. Because of his fight 3.against the government and antiblack laws，he 4.was sentenced(sentence) to five years of hard labour. After 5.that he formed ANC Youth League. Fighters from ANC began to blow up buildings in 1963 and he was sentenced 6.to life imprisonment on Robben Island. Twenty seven years 7.later(late)，he was freed by the white government. In 1993 he was made President of South Africa and the government by and for 8.the black people was finally set 9.up.Nelson Mandela was 10.really(real) a great man!.读写任务用约30个词概括课文内容Elias was a poor black worker in South Africa.He helped to blow up some government buildings in 1963 in order to repay Nelson Mandelas helping him when he was in trouble.写作素材关于帮助提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who引导的定语从句，宾语从句，状语从句等。1李华是一名律师，挚爱他的工作。Li Hua，who is a lawyer，is devoted to his job.2他相信法律面前人人平等。He believes that all people are equal before the law.3在大家处于困境时，他乐意不计报酬为大家提供帮助，他还鼓励人们不要失去信心。He is willing to give a hand when people are in trouble without rewards，he also encourages people not to lose heart.4事实上，很多人就法律问题向他求助。As a matter of fact，a lot of people turn to him for legal advice.完形填空If you were to begin a new job tomorrow，you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses.Success or 1 in your work would depend，to a great extent，on your ability to use your 2 to the best advantage.Of the greatest importance is your 3 .A person who doesnt like the job he is doing or doesnt 4 it seriously can never do it 5 .On the other hand，a person who believes that he is capable of doing the work and is willing to make a cheerful 6 at it is likely to succeed.Having the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. 7 those skills is obviously a weakness.A carpenter who cant cut a straight line with a 8 is a hopeless case.This book has been designed to 9 you use the strength and overcome the 10 that you bring to the job.But in order to measure your 11 ，you must first think carefully about somewhere you stand now.As we get further along in the book，well be 12 in some detail with specific processes for 13 and strengthening learning skills.However，to begin with，you should pause to examine your 14 strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school：your attitude，your reading and communication 15 ，and your study habits.1A.improvement BachievementCvictory Dfailure答案D解析与前面的success形成对比，因此选D项。2A.energy BstrengthsCknowledge Dforce答案B解析由本段第一句“.some basic strengths and weaknesses.”可知。与其中的strengths是原词复现。3A.attitude BthoughtCwisdom Dhonesty答案A解析由本文最后一句可知填attitude，是原词复现。4A.get Btake Chave Dmake 答案B解析考查固定搭配。take sth.seriously认真对待某事。5A.finally Beventually Csuccessfully Dwonderfully答案C解析根据下句中的“is likely to succeed”可知。successfully与succeed是同根词复现。6A.research BinventionCdiscovery Dattempt答案D解析根据句意及搭配可知选D项。make an attempt尝试。7A.Needing BFindingCLacking DWanting答案C解析与上一句中的having相对。8A.hammer BsawCruler Dpencil答案B解析根据前面的cut可推出，用“锯子(saw)”。9A.help BdefendCsend Djoin答案A解析从书的作用来看，起的是帮助(help)作用。10A.weakness BstrengthCadvantage Didea答案A解析由“利用优点”可知，这里是克服“缺点”。11A.statement BencouragementCdevelopment Dmovement答案C解析由后文“评估你现在的位置”可知，是为了衡量你的“发展情况”。12A.filling BputtingClying Ddealing答案D解析固定搭配，deal with处理，应付。13A.forming BmindingCstarting Ddeveloping答案D解析根据后面的strengthening可知。develop与strengthen意义相近且并列。14A.past BgoodCpresent Dbad答案C解析由语境可知，此处表示从三方面来检查一下你“目前的”优缺点。15A.skills BwayCtheory Dmethod答案A解析由上一句中的“strengthening learning skills”可知选A项。与其中的skills是原词复现。.语法填空Last summer，I went to Hanwang，an area severely damaged during the Wenchuan earthquake.I visited some of the survivors and 1.helped (help) the local volunteers.In Hanwang，there were no tall buildings and the air was very dirty and people were crowded.I lived with volunteers 2.from all around China in makeshift accommodation.They had been working there for more than six months，some giving up jobs to help with 3.educating (educate) the kids.They never complained about the poor conditions 4.that/which I couldnt bear at first.Rather，they were thankful to have 5.the chance to rebuild the damaged areas.I respected their work.My main task was to visit some of the children a charity organization was supporting.One of them was disabled，having broken a leg during the earthquake.A 6.poisonous (poison) spider had bitten another girl while she was living in a tent 7.after the earthquake.These children had had terrible bad luck 8.but they were still full of hope despite the situation.Their grades were 9.amazingly (amaze) good，which was one reason the charity group chose to help them.All the people I visited were grateful，not only for surviving but to the country for helping 10.them.阅读理解Healthy Habits，Healthy BodyFeel tired lately？Has a doctor said he cant find anything wrong with you？Perhaps he sent you to a hospital，but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.Then，consider this：you might be in a state of subhealth(亚健康)Subhealth，also called the third state or gray state，is explained as a borderline state between health and disease.According to the investigation by the National Health Organization，over 45 percent of subhealthy people are middleaged or elderly.The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around examweek.Symptoms include a lack of energy，depression，slow reactions，insomnia(失眠)，agitation and poor memory.Other symptoms include shortness of breath，sweating and aching in the waist and legs.The key to preventing