四级阅读长句分析1 of 5 frankle.ppt

四级阅读长句分析 FrankleLee NewPassage Ifcitiesaretoremainpleasantplacestoliveinatall however itseemsimperative notonlythatcommunicationsintransportshouldbeimproved butalsothatcommunicationbetweenhumanbeingsshouldbekeptsmoothandpolite Allovercities itseemsthatpeoplearetootiredandtoorushedtobepolite Shopassistantswon tbothertoassist taxidriversgrowlateachotherastheydashdangerouslyroundcorners busconductorspullthebellbeforetheirdesperatepassengershavehadtimetogetonoroffthebus andsoonandsoon Itseemstousthatitisuptotheyoungandstrongtodotheirsmallparttostopsuchdeterioration Whatisthepossiblemeaningoftheword deterioration intheparagraph A worseningofgeneralsituationB loweringofmoralstandardsC decliningofphysicalconstitutionD spreadingofevilconduct详细解答 解题思路 选 B 本段一开始 作者谈到 不仅交通状况 而且人际关系都有待改善 其中出现了 improve smooth polite 等词 随后 作者又列举售货员 出租汽车司机及汽车售票员对顾客或乘客的不礼貌行为 并在最后一句话中用 suchdeterioration 来指代及概括上述不良表现 意在批评那些人道德水准下降 故 B 为正确答案 命题规律与应试高招 词形较长 拼写较为复杂 正式程度较高的单词常考 结合全段主题判断 A 和 C 在某种程度上反映了deferioration 但在本文讨论道德的问题中 显然不合适 所以 B 因与道德有关 而入选 NewPassage TheAmericanRevolutionwasnotarevolutioninthesenseofaradicalortotalchange Itwasnotasuddenandviolentoverturningofthepoliticalandsocialframework suchaslateroccurredinFranceandRussia whenbothwerealreadyindependentnations Significantchangeswereusheredin buttheywerebothbreathtaking Whathappenedwasacceleratedevolutionratherthanoutrightrevolution Duringtheconflictitselfpeoplewentonworkingandpraying marryingandplaying Mostofthemwerenotseriouslydisturbedbytheactualfighting andmanyofthemoreisolatedcommunitiesscarcelyknewthatawarwason InLine6 whatdoestheauthormeanby peoplewentonworkingandpraying marryingandplaying A Morepeoplegotmarriedthandivorced B Thewarcreatednewjobs C Lifewentonasusual D Peoplehadmorethanenoughleisuretime 详细解答 解题思路 选 C 文中说人们没受战争的影响 照样working praying marrying和playing 这说明他们的生活正常 故 C 是正确答案 命题规律与应试高招 反映主旨的细节部分常考 内容对比处常考 符合主题的选项 符合逻辑的选项是答案项 NewPassage Deaccessing orsellingoff worksofarthastakenofnewimportancebecauseofthemuseum sspaceproblems Andincreasingly curatorshavebeenforcedtojugglegalleryspace rotatingonemasterpieceintopublicviewwhileanotherissenttostorage ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthePhiladelphiaMuseumofArtonlyshows A itslargestpaintingsB aportionofitspaintingsC paintingsbyAmericanartistsD paintingsitwantstosell详细解答 解题思路 选 B 这一问题的答案应从文中最后一句中找 由于博物馆缺少空间 馆长被迫充分利用画廊空间 rotatingonemasterpieceintopublicviewwhileanotherissenttostorage 一幅代表作展出 而另一幅代表作则被存放起来 也就是说 此博物馆只能展出aportionofitspaintings 所以 B 是正确答案 命题规律与应试高招 段落结尾处易考 复杂句处内容易考 细读结尾句 分析复杂句层次及含义 寻找关键词 最后一句中的storage给人启示 意思是有一些画给存放起来了 那么自然可以推断出展出的作品并非全部 而只是一部分 NewPassage TheAmericanRevolutionwasnotarevolutioninthesenseofaradicalortotalchange Itwasnotasuddenandviolentoverturningofthepoliticalandsocialframework suchaslateroccurredinFranceandRussia whenbothwerealreadyindependentnations Significantchangeswereusheredin buttheywerebothbreathtaking Whathappenedwasacceleratedevolutionratherthanoutrightrevolution Duringtheconflictitselfpeoplewentonworkingandpraying marryingandplaying Mostofthemwerenotseriouslydisturbedbytheactualfighting andmanyofthemoreisolatedcommunitiesscarcelyknewthatawarwason America sWarofIndependenceheraldedthebirthofthreemodernnations OnewasCanada whichreceiveditsfirstlargeinfluxofEnglish speakingpopulationfromthethousandsofloyalistswhofledtherefromtheUnitedStates AnotherwasAustralia whichbecameapenalcolonynowthatAmericawasnolongeravailableforprisonersanddebtors Thethirdnewcomer theUnitedStates baseditselfsquarelyonrepublicanprinciples Yeteventhepoliticaloverturnwasnotsorevolutionaryasonemightsuppose Insomestates notableConnecticutandRhodeIsland thewarlargelyratifiedacolonialself rulealreadyexisting Britishofficials everywhereousted werereplacedbyahome growngoverningclass whichpromptlysoughtalocalsubstituteforkingandParliament Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage A TheUnitedStates AnIsolatedCommunity B BreathtakingEventsDuringtheAmericanRevolutionC CanadianandtheAmericanWarofIndependenceD TheAmericanRevolution EvolutionNotRevolution详细解答 解题思路 选 D 这是综合全文内容的问题 在第一段的末尾 作者提到了美国独立前一些闭塞的社区没受战争的影响 所以把 A 作为本文的标题是错误的 答案 B 与第一段所叙述的事实相反 更不能作为本文的标题 文中也没有提到加拿大独立战争的事 故排除 C 只有 D 说出了作者的主要观点 第一段中作者就说 美国革命 不是真正的 革命 而是 变革 第二 第三段分别从独立和政治两方面阐述了这一观点 故 D 是正确答案 命题规律与应试高招 文章首段一般含有中心思想 易考 细读文章首句 NewPassage TheAmericanRevolutionwasnotarevolutioninthesenseofaradicalortotalchange Itwasnotasuddenandviolentoverturningofthepoliticalandsocialframework suchaslateroccurredinFranceandRussia whenbothwerealreadyindependentnations Significantchangeswereusheredin buttheywerebothbreathtaking Whathappenedwasacceleratedevolutionratherthanoutrightrevolution Duringtheconflictitselfpeoplewentonworkingandpraying marryingandplaying Mostofthemwerenotseriouslydisturbedbytheactualfighting andmanyofthemoreisolatedcommunitiesscarcelyknewthatawarwason America sWarofIndependenceheraldedthebirthofthreemodernnations OnewasCanada whichreceiveditsfirstlargeinfluxofEnglish speakingpopulationfromthethousandsofloyalistswhofledtherefromtheUnitedStates AnotherwasAustralia whichbecameapenalcolonynowthatAmericawasnolongeravailableforprisonersanddebtors Thethirdnewcomer theUnitedStates baseditselfsquarelyonrepublicanprinciples Yeteventhepoliticaloverturnwasnotsorevolutionaryasonemightsuppose Insomestates notableConnecticutandRhodeIsland thewarlargelyratifiedacolonialself rulealreadyexisting Britishofficials everywhereousted werereplacedbyahome growngoverningclass whichpromptlysoughtalocalsubstituteforkingandParliament Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage A TheUnitedStates AnIsolatedCommunity B BreathtakingEventsDuringtheAmericanRevolutionC CanadianandtheAmericanWarofIndependenceD TheAmericanRevolution EvolutionNotRevolution详细解答 解题思路 选 D 这是综合全文内容的问题 在第一段的末尾 作者提到了美国独立前一些闭塞的社区没受战争的影响 所以把 A 作为本文的标题是错误的 答案 B 与第一段所叙述的事实相反 更不能作为本文的标题 文中也没有提到加拿大独立战争的事 故排除 C 只有 D 说出了作者的主要观点 第一段中作者就说 美国革命 不是真正的 革命 而是 变革 第二 第三段分别从独立和政治两方面阐述了这一观点 故 D 是正确答案 命题规律与应试高招 文章首段一般含有中心思想 易考 细读文章首句 NewPassage TheAmericanRevolutionwasnotarevolutioninthesenseofaradicalortotalchange Itwasnotasuddenandviolentoverturningofthepoliticalandsocialframework suchaslateroccurredinFranceandRussia whenbothwerealreadyindependentnations Significantchangeswereusheredin buttheywerebothbreathtaking Whathappenedwasacceleratedevolutionratherthanoutrightrevolution Duringtheconflictitselfpeoplewentonworkingandpraying marryingandplaying Mostofthemwerenotseriouslydisturbedbytheactualfighting andmanyofthemoreisolatedcommunitiesscarcelyknewthatawarwason Inthefirstparagraph whatdoestheauthorsuggestabouttheFrenchandRussianRevolution A Theywereexplosiveandabrupt B Theywereineffective C Theyinvolvedonlythosepeoplelivinginurbanareas D Theyledtothereleaseofallpoliticalprisoners 详细解答 解题思路 选 A 本段第二句提到法国和俄国革命 作者说美国革命不是突变性的彻底的政治和社会革命 而法国和俄国革命则是 这里的such代替的是asuddenandviolentoverturningofthepoliticalandsocialframework 而 A 中的explosive与violent同义 abrupt 突然的 和sudden是近义词 所以 A 为正确答案 本文没有提到法国和俄国的关于 C 以及 D 的情况 所以排除之 原文开头两句说到一种用暴力推翻旧政权的 引起根本变革的革命 也就是法国和俄国的那种革命 这种革命决不是ineffective 无效的 所以不能选 B 为答案 命题规律与应试高招 段落中心思想 反映作者观点和态度 易考 理解代词指代关系 也可作出正确判断 NewPassage NewsofDrake ssuccessbroughtoilpropectorstothescene Bytheearly1860 sthesewildcattersweredrillingfor blackgold alloverwesternpennsylvania TheboomrivaledtheCaliforniagoldrushof1848initsexcitementandWildWestatmophere Anditbroughtfarmorewealthtothepropectorsthananygoldrush WhydoestheauthormentiontheCaliforniagoldrush A Toexplaintheneedforanincreasedsupplyofgold B ToindicatetheextentofUnitedStatesmineralwealth C Todescribethemoodwhenoilwasfirstdiscovered D Toarguethatgoldwasmorevaluablethanoil 详细解答 解题思路 选 C 这里第二句话将寻得石油的激动 excitement 与1848年淘金热类比 并与西部荒野的气候进行对比 烘托了找石油的这种迫切心情 所以作者提及淘金热是为了Todescribethemoodwhenoilwasfirstdiscovered 故 C 是正确答案 命题规律与应试高招 语义对比处易考 在描叙性文体中 对表示观点态度的词要敏感 上述excitement便为解题的依据 NewPassage Itis everyoneagrees ahugetaskthatthechildperformswhenhelearnstospeak andthefactthathedoessoinsoshortaperiodoftimechallengesexplanation Languagelearningbeginswithlistening Individualchildrenvarygreatlyintheamountoflisteningtheydobeforetheystartspeaking andlatestartersareoftenlonglisteners Mostchildrenwill obey spokeninstructionssometimebeforetheycanspeak thoughthewordobeyishardlyaccurateasadescriptionoftheeageranddelightedcooperationusuallyshownbythechild Beforetheycanspeak manychildrenwillaskquestioningbygestureandbymakingquestioningnoises Anyattempttotracethedevelopmentfromthenoisesbabiesmaketotheirfirstspokenwordsleadstoconsiderabledifficulties Itisagreedthattheyenjoymakingnoises andthatduringthefirstfewmonthsoneortwonoisessortthemselvesoutasparticularlyindicativeofdelight distress sociability andsoon Butsincethesecannotbesaidtoshowthebaby sintentiontocommunicate theycanhardlyberegardedasearlyformsoflanguage Itisagreed too thatfromaboutthreemonthstheyplaywithsoundsforenjoyment andthatbysixmonthstheyareabletoaddnewsoundstotheirrepertoire 能发出的全部声音 Thisself imitationleadsontodeliberate 有意识的 imitationofsoundsmadeorwordsspokentothembyotherpeople Theproblemthenarisesasthepointatwhichonecansaythattheseimitationscanbeconsideredasspeech Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe A HowBabiesLearntoSpeakB EarlyFormsofLanguageC AHugeTaskforChildrenD NoiseMakingandLanguageLearning详细解答 解题思路 选 A 全文开篇暗示全文脉络走向 本文第一句说明 小孩学说话是艰巨任务 暗示下面各段将围绕这个话题进行 四个选项中 B 项显然范由夺大 C 项不符合题意 而 D 项只能是说明了婴儿早期语文形式的一个方面 范围太窄 所以 B C D 三项均不符合题意 命题规律与应试高招 综合全文 归纳全文中心 文章的标题应概括文中所阐述的内容 范围不能太窄 也不能过宽 NewPassage Unlesswespendmoneytospotandpreventasteroids 小行星 now onemightcrashintoEarthanddestroylifeasweknowit saysomescientists Asteroidsarebiggerversionsofthemeteorites 流星 thatraceacrossthenightsky MostorbitthesunfarfromEarthanddon tthreatenus ButtherearealsothousandswhoseorbitsputthemonacollisioncousewithEarth Buy 50millionworthofnewtelescopesrightnow Thenspend 10millionayearforthenext25yearstolocatemostofthespacerocks Bythetimewespotafatalone thescientistssay we llhaveawaytochangeitscourse Somescientistsfavorpushingasteroidsoffcoursewithnuclearweapons Butthecostwouldn tbecheap Isitworthit Twothingsexpertsconsiderwhenjudginganyriskare 1 Howlikelytheeventis and2 Howbadtheconsequencesiftheeventoccurs ExpertsthinkanasteroidbigenoughtodestroylotsoflifemightstrikeEarthonceevery500 000years Soundsprettyrare butifonedidfall itwouldbetheendoftheworld Ifwedon ttakecareofthesebigasteroids they lltakecareofus saysonescientist It sthatsimple Thecure though mightbeworsethandisease DowereallywantfleetsofnuclearweaponssittingaroundonEarth Theworldhaslesstofearfromdoomsday 毁灭性的 rocksthanfromagreatnuclearfleetsetagainstthem saidaNewYorkTimesarticle Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat A whilepushingasteroidsoffcoursenuclearweaponswoulddestroytheworldB asteroidsracingacrossthenightskyarelikelytohitEarthinthenearfutureC theworryaboutasteroidscanbelefttofuturegenerationssinceitisunlikelytohappeninourlifetimeD workablesolutionsstillhavetobefoundtopreventacollisionofasteroidswithEarth详细解答 解题思路 选 D 该文首先在一 二段陈述了小行星有与地球相撞的可能 而后在第三 四段提出了解决办法 使用核武器 但在五 六段中 作者对这种惟一解决问题的手段持否定态度 因此 可以推论还需进一步寻找可行的解决手段 以防小行星与地球相撞 而选项 D 的内容合乎逻辑 命题规律与应试高招 围绕全文 正确理解全文脉胳 遇到就全文作推断的题 要边读边总结每段的主题 最后把零散的主题句串起来 便可把握文章脉络 就选项而言 表述的意思合理的适合作答案项 NewPassage Britainalmostmorethananyothercountryintheworldmustseriouslyfacetheproblemofbuildingupwards thatistosayofaccommodatingaconsiderableproportionofitspopulationinhighblocksofflats ItissaidthattheEnglishmanobjectstothistypeofexistence butifthecaseissuch hedoesinfactdifferfromtheinhabitantsofmostcoutriesoftheworldtoday Englishpeoplearementionedtoillustratethat A Englishpeople likemostpeopleinothercountries dislikelivinginflatsB peopleinmostcountriesoftheworldtodayarenotopposedtolivinginflatsC peopleinBritainareforcedtomoveintohighblocksofflatsD modernflatsstillfailtoprovidethenecessaryfacilitiesforliving详细解答 解题思路 选 B 文章第二句话是解题关键 其含义为 为解决住房问题 英国人面临着是否要建高层公寓 而英国人却反对这种居住方式 这与世界上许多国家居民不同 B 项 现在世界上大多数国家的人民不再反对居住公寓了 与原文意思贴近 命题规律与应试高招 复杂句处常考 表转折的词后 如 but 之后有题解 NewPassage Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners butgoodsensetoo Ittakesthemostcool headedandgood temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviour By goodsense thewritermeans A thedriver sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonablyB thedriver spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditionsC thedriver stoleranceofrudeorevensavageregulationsD thedriver sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations详细解答 解题思路 选 A 本文中第二句的It即指 goodsense 而且在It句中 对goodsense进行了阐释 说明 文中第2句实际上是对 goodsense 的进一步解释 cool headed 冷静的 和 good tempered 和气 以及 resist revenge 不报复人 都紧扣选项 A 中的 understandandreactreasonably 故 A 为正确答案 命题规律与应试高招 与指示代词有关的上下文有考点 注意指示代词所指对象 看它是否为该词下属的例子或定义服务 这里果真通过it句 作者以drivers各种行为举例说明了goodsense NewPassage TouristsweresurprisedtoseeawomandrivingahugeorangetractordownoneofRome smainavenues Italy spoliticalleadersandsomeofitsmaleunionchiefsaresaidtohavebeenmorepuzzledtoseethatthetractorwasfollowedbyabout200 000womeninaparadingprocessionthattookmorethanthreehourstosnakethroughcentralRome Theexpression snakethroughcentralRome probablymeans tomove A quietlythroughcentralRomeB violentlythroughcentralRomeC inalongwindinglinethroughcentralRomeD ataleisurelypacethroughcentralRome详细解答 解题思路 选 C 文中说 由20万名妇女组成的游行队伍跟在拖拉机后边 花了三个多小时才通过罗马市中心 关键是要抓住 morethanthreehours 花这么长时间 那么行进方式一定有什么奇特的地方 否则作者不会强调时间的长短 另外 snake 的原意是 蛇 两条线索结合起来不难判断出 C inalongwindinglinethroughcentralRome 像蛇那样蜿蜒前进 为正确答案 命题规律与应试高招 在具体语境中多义的常见词易考 比如该题中snake的用法 看被考词与主题的关系 NewPassage NewsofDrake ssuccessbroughtoilprospectorstothescene Bytheearly1860 sthesewildcattersweredrillingfor blackgold alloverwesternPennsylvania TheboomrivaledtheGaliforniagoldrushof1848initsexcitementandWildWestatmosphere Anditbroughtfarmorewealthtotheprospectorsthananygoldrush Accordingtothepassage whatis blackgold A Whaleoil B Goldore C Stolenmoney D Crudeoil 详细解答 解题思路 选 D 在本段作者说 E L Drake给勘探者带来了 石油 的希望 所以勘探钻井找的是 原油 crudeoil 就是说 黑金 不是鲸油 也不是金矿 更不是偷来的钱 故 D 是正确答案 命题规律与应试高招 有特殊标点符号的内容处常设考题 符合常识 一般性知识的选项可能是答案项 NewPassage Thinconcavelenseshadbeenusedformorethanacentury butthickconcavelenseswerenowsoldtopeoplecaughtupwithpaintingorvisualillusionsofperspective whousedthemas perspectiveglasses Oncethenewlensbecameavailable itsuddenlybecamepossibletoseearatherinterestingeffectbycombiningtwolenses Wenowknowthattherearemanydifferentthingsthatcanbedonewithapairoflenses BoththeKepleriantelescopeandthemicroscopeusecombinationsofperfectlyfocusedconvexlenses TheGalileantypeoftelescopebeganwiththeideathatassoonasyouholdapowerfulconcavelenstotheeyeandasimpleweakconvexlensatarm slength theclockinthechurchtowerjumpsoutatyou Manyartisansfromaroundtheworldenjoyedthatillusionintheearly1600 sButitwastwogrindersfromMiddleburgintheLowCountrieswhofirstdecidedtomarketthetelescopeasamilitaryinvention adeviceforspyingonenemyarmies Infact thetelescope snarrowfieldofvisionmadeitanunlikelyspyingdevice butthetwolensgrindersthoughttheycouldsellitanyway Whenthetelescopewasusedmilitarilycenturieslater itwasused notforspying butforsignaling Thepassageindicatesthatconvexlensesincombinationwereusedin A theKepleriantelescopeandthemicroscopeB microscopesandperspectiveglassesC perspectiveglassesandsignalingD themilitarytelescopeandtheKepleriantelescope详细解答 解题思路 选 A 本段的第四句说BoththeKepleriantelescopeandthemicroscopeusecombinationsofperfectlyfocusedconvexlenses 也就是说重叠凸透镜用于凯普勒望远镜和显微镜 所以 A 是正确答案 命题规律与应试高招 题干及选项的关键词定位原文 对科普文章中不认识的词 短语 不必究其含义 只需把convexlensesincombination当作一个整体 迅速到原文查读该整体 立刻在第四句找到 又发现其间的Kepleriantelescope与选项 A 对应 这样虽然上下文都不明其意 还是可以迅速找到答案 NewPassage Erosion 侵蚀 ofthewhitecliffsalongthesouthcoastofEnglandhasalwaysbeenaproblembutithasbecomemoreseriousinrecentyears Dozensofhomeshavehadtobeabandonedastheseahascreptfartherandfartherinland Expertshavestudiedtheareasmostaffectedanddrawnupamapforlocalpeople forecastingtheyearinwhichtheirhomeswillbeswallowedupbythehungrysea TheerosionofthewhitecliffsinthesouthofEngland A willsoonbecomeaproblemforpeoplelivingincentralEnglandB hasnowbecomeathreattothelocalresidentsC canbestoppedifpropermeasuresaretakenD isquicklychangingthemapofEngland详细解答 解题思路 选 B 依据第一句话可知侵蚀这一问题早就存在了 而且最近这几年变得越来越严重了 依据最后一句话可知总有一天 该地区会被 饥饿 的大海吞噬 因此 可推理出 B 项 侵蚀已对当地居民的生活构成威胁 是恰当的 命题规律与应试高招 段落首尾部分常考 细读开首及结尾句 注意转折词后面的内容 如该文第一句中but后面的内容便是答题的依据 NewPassage HereintheUnitedStates beforeagriculturalactivitiesdestroyedthenaturalbalance thereweregreatmigrationsofRockiesMountainlocusts Melanoplusspretus GreatmigratinghordesoftheseinsectsoncedarkenedtheskiesontheplainseastoftheRockieswherecropswereoftendestroyed theworstyearswerethosefrom1874to1877 Oneofthesemigrationswarmswasestimatedtocontain124billionlocusts DuringanothermigrationinNebraskaitwasestimatedthattheswarmoflocustsaveragedhalfamilehighandwas100mileswideand300mileslong Usually theseswarmstakeofffromthegroundagainstthewind but onceairborne theyturnandflywithit Warmconvectioncurrentshelptoliftthem oftentogreatheights DuringthegreatlocustplaguesthesituationinNebraskabecamesoseriousthattheoriginalstateconstitutionhadtoberewrittentotakecareoftheeconomicproblems Thenewdocumentwasknownas TheGrasshopperConstitution Itisnowbelievedthattheselocustswereamigratoryformorphaseofthelessermigratorylocust whichisstillcommonthere Inthisrespect theNorthAmericanmigratorylocustsresembletheirAfricanrelatives Inbothregionsthemigratoryformsariseasaresultofcrowdingandclimaticfactors Migratoryformsareapparentlynaturaladaptationswhichbringaboutdispersalwhenlocustpopulationsbecometoocrowded Fortunatelyforourfarmers themigratoryform theso calledspretusspecies nolongerseemstooccurregularly althoughtherewasaseriousoutbreakaslateas1938inmidwesternUnitedStatesandCanada Actually thereisnoreasonwhythedestructivemigratoryformmightnotagainappearifcircumstancesshouldbecomefavorable Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage A TheLifeCycleofLocustsB MigratoryLocustsintheUnitedStatesC LocustsPlaguesinNebraskaD TheReproductiveCapabilityoftheLocust详细解答 解题思路 选 B 这道题又是关于中心思想问题 通读全文我们可以把 A 和 D 排除在外 因为本文没有提蝗虫的生命周期情况和繁殖能力问题 在本文中不仅叙述了Nebraska的蝗虫灾害 同时也讲到了RockyMountain以及NorthAmerica的蝗虫灾害 所以把 C 也排除 那么正确答案是 B 命题规律与应试高招 文章首句点明全文主题 有时确定文章主题 可采用选项排除法 NewPassage SanAntonio Texas offersanobjectlessonfornumerousothercitiescombatingurbandecay Ratherthanbringinginthebulldozers SanAntonio