留园AMC 8数学专业词汇对照表.doc

留园AMC 8数学专业词汇中英对照表 (第一版)数学常用语中文英文运算符operator数字 digit有效数字significant digit无效数字insignificant digit数number公理axiom定理theorem推论corollary假设hypothesis, hypotheses（pl.）命题proposition证明prove计算calculation运算operation算数arithmetic比ratio正positive负negative零null, zero, nought, nil二进制binary system十进制decimal system十六进制hexadecimal system四舍五入round上舍入round up下舍入round down进位carry截尾truncation顺时针clockwise逆时针anticlockwiseAlgebra-基本运算中文英文加plus（prep.）, add（v.）, addition（n.）加数addend被加数augend, summand减minus（prep.）, subtract（v.）, subtraction（n.）被减数minuend减数subtrahend乘times（prep.）, multiply（v.）, multiplication（n.）被乘数multiplicand, faciend乘数multiplicator积product除divided by（prep.）, divide（v.）, division（n.）商quotient和sum乘方power二次方square三次方cube幂数exponent对数logarithmn 次方（n4）the power of n, the nth power二次方根，平方根square root三次方根，立方根cube rootn次方根（n4）the root of n, the nth root绝对值absolute value阶乘(!)factorialAlgebra-基本数型中文英文实数real number（R）正（+）positive负（-）negative有理数rational (Q)无理数irrational整数integer (Z)正整数positive whole number负整数negative whole number连续整数consecutive number奇数odd number偶数even number质数prime number合数composite number分数fraction小数decimal小数点decimal point分子numerator分母denominator分数常见说法（比如5/3）five over three倒数reciprocal假分数Improper fraction带分数mixed number小数decimal因数factor最小公倍数least common multiple（lcm）最大公约数greatest common divisor（gcd）除数divisor余数reminderAlgebra-等式与不等式中文英文等式equation不等式Inequality等于equals, is equal to大于is greater than大于等于greater or equal to小于is less than小于等于less or equal to Algebra-方程，微积分基础中文英文公式formula, formulae（pl.）单项式monomial多项式polynomial, multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor方程function图像Image映射mapping自定域domain, field of definition值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity周期性periodicity奇偶性parity奇函数odd function偶函数even function反函数inverse function直角坐标系rectangle coordinate坐标轴x-axis，y-axis，z-axis原点origin斜率slope截距x-intercept/y-intercept变化率rate of change一元一次方程linear equation一元二次方程quadratic equation一元三次方程cubic equation一元四次方程quartic equation抛物线parabolas顶点vertex三角函数*trigonometric 相位*phase周期*period振幅*amplitude导数*derivative积分*integral极限（lim）*limit连续性*continuityAlgebra-集合中文英文集合set元素element空集（）void子集subset真子集proper subset交集Intersection并集union补集complementAlgebra-数列中文英文数列sequence等差数列arithmetic sequence等比数列geometric sequence无限Infinite Statistics-统计基础，概率，排列组合中文英文平均数mean/average加权平均数weighted average标准差standard deviation比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile方差variation极值(最小值，最大值)extreme value（Minimum Value，Maximum Value）中位数median众数mode 分布distribution正态分布*normal distribution非正态分布*abnormal distribution图表graph条形统计图bar graph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图broken line graph曲线统计图curve diagram扇形统计图pie diagram概率probability独立事件independent Event非独立事件dependent Event排列permutation组合combination Geometry-几何中文英文点point线line角平分线angle bisector对角线diagonal面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角度angle角度制angle Measure弧度制radian Measure锐角acute Angle直角right angle钝角obtuse Angle平角straight angle周角perigon互余complementary互补supplementary垂直perpendicular对顶角vertical Angle内错角alternate Interior Angle外错角alternate Exterior Angle同位角corresponding Angle直线line面积area体积volume周长perimeter半径radius直径diameter三角形triangles直角三角形right Triangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagorean theorem等腰三角形isosceles Triangle正三角形regular Triangle/ equilateral triangle全等三角形congruent triangle相似三角形similar triangle底base边side高height内心incentre外心excentre旁心escentre垂心orthocentre重心barycentre内切圆inscribed circle外切圆circumcircle圆circle扇形sector环ring弧arc半圆semicircle圆心centre半径radius直径diameter圆周circumference轨迹locus, loca（pl.）椭圆*ellipse切线tangent多边形polygon四边形quadrilateral梯形trapezoid直角梯形right trapezoid等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid平行四边形parallelogram菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi（pl.）, diamond长方形rectangle正方形square多边形polygon正多边形equilateral polygon五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedr