（江苏版）2019版高考英语一轮复习 精选提分专练 第五周 星期五 天气与自然灾害类.doc

天气与自然灾害类单词识记：cause dangerous death stormterrible blow climate terrifyflood freeze disaster forecastshake shelter strike cloudypanic pour warmth shower短语扫描：be/get caught in陷入；被困住be/get stuck in 卡住；陷入burn.to the ground全部焚毁；烧为平地clear up(天气)转晴；清理；解决weather forecast 天气预报set.on fire/set fire to使燃烧；放火烧blow down吹倒dry up (河流、湖泊等)干涸in ruins成为废墟；严重受损become a victim to成为的牺牲品 跟踪训练.语境填词1.i kept my friend back from the (danger) animal.2.he suffered (terrible) all through his illness.3.the tidal wave formed a (terrify) wall of water.4.four of them walked under a (cloud) sky and all ended up walking in circles.5.the old lady received him with unusual (warm).单项填空6.i prefer a table that can be when not used so that it may save a lot of space.a.cleared up b.folded upc.fixed up d.taken up7.the sharp fall of the stock market caused a .a.panic b.surprisec.delight d.hit8.the failure was a big to him，but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.(2015福建，24)a.blow b.issuec.excuse d.factor9.she wanted to ask if he had news of williams，but words in her throat.a.burst b.stuckc.broke d.settled10.the plan was in just because people were unwilling to cooperate.a.ruins b.piecesc.danger d.trouble.阅读理解like many new graduates，i left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what i wanted to do.my degree，with honours，in english literature had not really prepared me for anything practical.i knew i wanted to make a difference in the world somehow，but i had no idea how to do that.thats when i learned about the lighthouse project.i started my journey as a lighthouse project volunteer by reading as much as i could about the experiences of previous volunteers.i knew it would be a lot of hard work，and that i would be away from my family and friends for a very long time.in short，i did not take my decision to apply for the lighthouse project lightly.neither did my family.eventually，however，i won the support of my family，and i sent in all the paperwork needed for the application.after countless interviews and presentations，i managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.several months later，i finally received a call asking me to report for the duty.i would be going to a small village near abuja，nigeria.where？what？nigeria？i had no idea.but i was about to find out.after completing my training，i was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation.though the local villagers were poor，they offered their homes，hearts，and food as if i were their own family.i was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse.for the next year or so，i taught in that same schoolhouse.but i sometimes think i learned more from my students than they did from me.sometime during that period，i realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did，though i did not get anywhere with the local language，and i returned to the united states a different man.the lighthouse project had changed my life forever.1.according to paragraph 2，it is most likely that the author .a.discussed his decision with his familyb.asked previous volunteers about voluntary workc.attended special training to perform difficult tasksd.felt sad about having to leave his family and friends2.in his application for the volunteer job，the author .a.participated in many discussionsb.went through challenging survival testsc.wrote quite a few papers on voluntary workd.faced strong competition from other candidates3.on arrival at the village，the author was .a.asked to lead a farming teamb.sent to teach in a schoolhousec.received warmly by local villagersd.arranged to live in a separate house.任务型阅读climate change has had a big impact on the timing of river floods across europe over the past 50 years，according to a new study.in some regions，such as southern england，floods are now occurring 15 days earlier than they did half a century ago.but the changes arent uniform，with rivers around the north sea seeing floods delayed by around eight days.floods caused by rivers impact people more than any other natural disaster，and the estimated global damages run to over 100 billion dollars a year.researchers have long predicted that a warming world would have direct impacts on these events but until now the evidence has been hard to establish.floods are affected by many different factors in addition to rainfall，such as the amount of moisture(水分) already in the soil and other factors such as changes in landuse that can speed up water runoff(地表径流) from hillsides.this new study looks at this issue in some depth，by creating a europewide database of observations from 4,262 hydrometric stations in 38 countries，dating back to 1960.the analysis finds a clear but complex impact of climate change on river flooding.the most consistent changes are in northeastern europe around scandinavia where earlier snow melt due to warmer temperatures is leading to earlier spring floods.around 50% of monitoring stations are seeing floods eight days earlier than 50 years ago.the biggest changes are seen along the western edge of europe，from portugal up to southern england.half of the stations recorded floods at least 15 days earlier than previously.a quarter of the stations have seen flooding more than 36 days earlier than in 1960.in these regions，the issue isnt snow meltits more about soil of high humidity(湿度).maximum rainfall tends to occur in the autumn and gets stored in the soils.heavier and earlier rain means that the groundwater reaches capacity earlier.in southern england，it has been raining more，longer and more intensely than in the past.this has created a rising groundwater table and higher soil moisture than usual and combined with intense rainfall that produces earlier river floods.however，around the north sea，in the netherlands，denmark and scotland，the trend is towards later floods.the scientists believe this is due to changes in the north atlantic oscillation(nao)，the weather phenomenon that pushes storms across the ocean into europe.the nao is driven by differences in atmospheric pressure between the icelandic low and the azores high.recently，rapid changes in temperatures in the arctic are influencing these pressure levels and changing the track of the storms as well.according to this study，the storms are arriving later and as a result some river flooding happens later too.this study shows clear evidence of the impacts of humaninduced climate change in many regionsbut there are still some areas of uncertainty.the study foresees subtle but significant impacts that could arise from the change in flood timing.climate change has 4. the timing of european floodsthe introductiona new study finds that climate change has had a great influence on the timing of european floods over the past 50 years.the background of the studyfloods which are caused by rivers impact people most compared to other natural disasters and can lead to a great 5. loss.there is a prediction by researchers that climate change would 6. influence the timing of european floods，but there has been no evidence to prove that.many different factors should 7. for floods，such as rainfall，soil moisture，changes in landuse and so on.the information of the studythe study looks into a europewide database based on 4,262 hydrometric stations in 38 countries，dating back to 1960.in northeastern europe，generally，spring floods tend to occur 8. than before due to the snow melt.at the western edge of europe，half of the stations also witnessed floods earlier than before due to 9. soil.in southern england，earlier floods happen for more 10. has created a rising groundwater table and higher soil moisture.in netherlands，denmark and scotland，floods always happen later than before，for the 11. are arriving later.the study proves that there is a clear 12. between humaninduced climate change and the timing of floods.however，the evidence isnt strong enough to prove the 13. of some other areas.答案精析高考高频单词与短语识记排查跟踪训练.1.dangerous2.terribly3.terrifying4.cloudy 5.warmth.6.b句意为：我更喜欢不用的时候能折叠的桌子，这样能节省很多空间。clear up整理，(天气)转晴，治愈；fix up准备好，修理；take up占据，开始从事。fold up折叠，符合题意，故选b项。7.acause a panic引起恐慌，符合句意。8.a考查名词辨析。句意为：这次失败对他来说是一次很大的打击，但他没有泄气，很快就变得和以往一样有热情了。blow打击；issue问题，议题；excuse借口；factor因素。9.b句意为：她想要问他有没有威廉姆斯的消息，但是话在嘴边就是说不出来。根据语境可知，话应该是卡在喉咙口，因此选择b项，stick“卡住”，符合题意。burst爆发，突然发出；break打破；settle解决，定居。10.a句意为：计划毁掉了，因为人们不愿意合作。in ruins毁掉，荒废，成为废墟，符合句意。in pieces破碎；in danger在危险中；in trouble处于困境中，有麻烦。故选a项。阅读能力专练.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者经过重重选拔成为灯塔计划的志愿者。这段经历让作者学到了许多东西，从而改变了作者的人生。1.a推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“in short，i did not take my decision to apply for the lighthouse project lightly.neither did my family.”可推知，作者与家人讨论了他申请灯塔计划的决定。2.d推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“after countless interviews and presentations，i managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.”可知，在经过了数不清的面试之后他才被选中，也就是说，为了这份工作，他面临着非常激烈的竞争。3.c推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“though the local villagers were poor，they offered their homes，hearts，and food as if i were their own family.”可知，虽然村民们很穷，但是他们给作者提供了住所、真情和食物。说明作者受到了村民的热烈欢迎。.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项研究。该研究表明欧洲的洪水来临时间和气候变化有明确的联系。4.changed/shifted信息概括题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“climate change has had a big impact on the timing of river floods across europe over the past 50 years”可知，本文主要讲的是气候变化已改变欧洲的洪水来临时间。故填changed/shifted。5.economic信息转换题。根据第二段中的“floods caused by rivers.the estimated global damages run to over 100 billion dollars a year.”可知，由河流引起的洪水相对于其他的自然灾害来说对人们的影响最大，每年会造成一千多亿美元的损失，即其造成的经济损失巨大。故填economic。6.directly信息转换题。根据第二段中的“researchers have long predicted that a warming world would have direct impacts on these events”可知，研究者们早就预测气候变暖会直接影响欧洲的洪水来临时间。故填directly。7.account信息转换题。根据第二段中的“floods are affected by many different factors in addition to rainfall，such as.changes in landuse”可知，除降雨量外，洪水还受多种因素的影响。account for