（浙江专版）2018年中考英语特训总复习 第二部分 语法专题突破篇 第25课时 介词和连词（精讲）试题.doc

第25课时介词和连词一、介词介词是一种虚词，表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或动名词等作它的宾语(如果是人称代词，则要用宾格)，介词和它的宾语构成介词短语，在句中作状语、表语或定语等。对于介词的考查主要涉及以下考点：1表示时间、地点、方位、方式的介词的基本用法；2介词的固定搭配。表示时间的介词1at，in与on介词用法举例at在具体的某一时刻at 10：00 am在上午十点钟在某个节日期间at the spring festival在春节固定搭配at noon/night在中午/晚上at the end of在最后in,常与表示“一段时间”的时间名词搭配(如世纪、季节、月份、年份),in december 在十二月in winter在冬天in 2018 在2018年表示泛指的上下午、傍晚、白天等,in the morning/afternoon/evening/day 在早上/下午/晚上/白天“in一段时间”表示“在(多久)以后”，常与一般将来时连用,my father will come back in a week.我爸爸将于一周后回来。固定搭配,in the future在将来on,在具体的某日(日期或星期几),on october 7th 在十月七日on sunday 在星期天表示在某个特定的早上、下午、晚上,on monday morning 在星期一早上在具体的节日当天,on national day在国庆节2.from，since与for介词含义用法例句from从起常与to构成词组fromto，意为“从到”he goes to work from monday to friday.他周一到周五去上班。续表介词含义用法例句since自从以来具体的过去时间点时间段agofor历时之久时间段常与现在完成时连用i have lived here since 2010.自从2010年我就住在这儿了。i have lived here since three years ago.自从三年前我就住在这儿了。she has taught english for five years.她教英语已经五年了。注：“for时间段”也可用于其他时态中。3.before与after介词含义用法例句before在之前时间点ill arrive in hangzhou before 11：00 am我将在上午十一点之前到达杭州。after在之后时间点，常与一般将来时连用shell come back after 5：00 pm她下午五点后将回来。时间段，常与一般过去时连用he came back from london after a week.一周后他从伦敦回来了。4.until与during介词含义用法举例until直到才用于否定句(谓语动词为非延续性动词)i didnt wake up until 10：00 am我直到上午十点才醒来。直到为止用于肯定句(谓语动词为延续性动词)he waited until 9：00 pm last night.昨晚他一直等到九点钟。during在期间时间段，强调时间的持续性she lived with us during these years.这些年她和我们住在一起。【对点导练】1her birthday is _in_ winter，the most beautiful season in a year.2the concert is_at_ three oclock _on_ the afternoon of december 18th.3ive had this mobile phone _for_ three years.4i studied _until_ midnight last night so im very tired now.5teachers day is _on_ september 10.表示地点、方位的介词1at与in介词用法举例at表示一个点或小地方前(如学校、家等)at home在家in表示一个范围或大地方前(如国家、城市)in shanghai在上海 2.in，to与on介词用法例句in表示在某一地区的某方位(在该范围以内)china is in the east of asia.中国在亚洲东部。to表示在某一地区之外的某方位(不属于该范围)japan is to the east of china.日本在中国的东面。 on表示与某地的相邻关系(两地接壤)guangdong province is on the southeast of guangxi.广东省在广西的东南边。3.over，above，on，under与below介词含义例句over“在正上方”(垂直，两者不接触)there is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。above“在的上方”(不一定垂直，两者不接触)raise your arms above your head.把手臂举过头顶。on“在上面”(两者接触)there is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。under“在正下方”(垂直，两者不接触)my football is under the chair.我的足球在椅子下面。below“在的下方”(不一定垂直，两者不接触)he dived below the surface of the water.他潜入了水面以下。4.in front of与in the front of短语含义例句infrontof表示“在(外部)的前面”there is a tree in front of the classroom.教室(外部)的前面有一棵树。inthefrontof表示“在(内部)的前面”there is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室(内部)前面有一块黑板。5.between与among单词含义例句between在两者之间，常用于betweenand中i sat down between amy and kate.我在艾米和凯特之间坐下。among在三者或三者以上之间there is a house among the trees.树丛间有一座房子。6.across，through，over与past单词含义及用法举例across“穿过；越过；横过；渡过”，指从一边到另一边，强调从表面穿过，如穿过/横过road，river，bridge等。通常和go，walk，swim等动词连用。go across the road过马路through“穿过”，强调从空间内部穿过，如穿过forest，window等。go through the tunnel穿过隧道over“翻越；越过”，指从物体上方(尤指障碍物)跨过，如跨过fence，wall等。通常和jump，climb等动词连用。jump over the hurdle跨栏past“经过”，指从旁边经过、路过。walk past the desk经过课桌7.其他方位介词near在附近next to在旁边，附近beside在旁边under在下面behind在后面inside在里面outside在外面along沿着across from在对面【对点导练】1jim lives _in_ a small village and the air there is very fresh.2taiwan lies _to_ the east of fujian，_in_ the southeast of china.3oh，my god! ive left my keys in the room.ill have to get in _through_ the window.4the plane is flying_above_ the clouds.5he arrived_at_ the station at ten.表示方式的介词介词用法举例by表示“以方式、方法或手段”，常与表示交通工具的名词连用。she usually goes to school by bike.她通常骑自行车去上学。续表介词用法举例with表示“用工具、材料、身体的某一部分或器官”。people often eat with chopsticks in china.在中国人们通常用筷子吃饭。in表示“用语言、语调、颜色等”。whats this in english？这个用英语怎么说？on表示“用网络、电视、收音机、电话等”。they talk on the phone every day.他们每天在电话上交谈。【对点导练】用适当的方式介词填空。1i learn english_by_ keeping a diary _in_ english.2my brother loves watching game shows_on_ tv.3we can see_with_ our eyes.其他常见介词介词例句about 关于；对于could you tell me about your life？你能告诉我关于你的生活吗？from 从he comes from america.他来自美国。with 与一起；附有she often goes shopping with her mother.她经常和妈妈去购物。id like a house with a garden.我想要一座带花园的房子。without 没有without his help，i couldnt pass the math exam.没有他的帮助，我不可能通过数学考试。of(属于)的here is a photo of my family.这是一张我的全家福。for 对于；为了what would you like for breakfast？早餐你想吃什么？let me carry the box for you.让我为你搬这个箱子。to 向；到do you know the way to the zoo？你知道去公园的路吗？as 作为we have a job for you as a waiter.我们有一份服务员的工作提供给你。against 对抗our class played against class three.我们班和三班进行了比赛。【对点导练】 1.everyone is born_with_ the ability to learn. 2.i got an ipad_from_ my uncle for my birthday. 3.wild animals are our friends.we shouldnt kill them _for_ food or clothing. 4.chinese will be widely used_as_ a foreign language in the world. 5.although he was_against_ my opinion，the old professor didnt come up with his own.介词短语与介词的固定搭配介词作为虚词，不能单独使用，常与名词等构成介词短语或与动词等搭配使用。常见介词搭配类型如下：1介词名词at noon/night在中午/晚上at home在家at work在工作at school在学校at the foot of在脚下at the back of在后面at the beginning of在开始at the end of在结尾at the same time同时as a result结果by the way顺便提一下by hand用手；手工；亲手by the end of到结束时by bike/bus/car/train/plane骑自行车/乘公共汽车/小汽车/火车/飞机day by day日复一日for example例如in time及时in bed卧床in surprise惊奇地in front of在前面in english用英语in the middle在中间in a hurry匆忙；急忙in a low/loud voice低/大声地in a word总而言之in trouble处于困境in danger处于危险中in fact事实上in the end最后；终于in the day在白天in all总共；总计in order井然有序in silence无声地in public当众；公开地in person亲自in my opinion在我看来on foot步行on time准时；按时on duty值日on show展览on ones own独立；独自on the left/right在左/右边on the one hand，on the other hand一方面另一方面to ones surprise使某人吃惊的是 2.be形容词/过去分词介词 be afraid of害怕 be angry with sb.对某人生气 be born with天生具有 be busy with忙于be different from 与不同 be excited about对感到兴奋 be famous for因而闻名 be friendly/kind to sb.对某人友好 be full of/be filled with充满 be good at擅长于 be good/bad for对有好处/坏处 be harmful to对有害 be interested in对感兴趣 be late for迟到 be made of/from由制成 be proud of为感到自豪/骄傲 be responsible for对有责任 be satisfied/pleased with sth.对某事感到满意 be surprised at对感到惊奇/诧异 be sure of确信 be strict with sb.对某人严格 be tired of讨厌/厌倦 be used to习惯于 be worried about担心3动词介词arrive at/in到达agree with sb.同意某人的意见argue with sb.和某人争吵care for照顾；关心catch up with赶上come up with提出；想出come from来自deal with处理；应付depend on依赖；依靠drop by/in顺便拜访fall in love with爱上fall behind落后get along with sb.与某人相处hand in上交hear of/about听说hear from收到某人的来信keep away from远离keepfrom阻止keep up with跟上knock at敲门knock into撞上laugh at嘲笑learn from向学习look through浏览look after照看；照顾look at看look for寻找look forward to期待pay for付钱；支付pay attention to注意；留心point to/at 指向；朝向take part in 参加take pride in 为而自豪talk to/with sb.和某人交谈take part in参加take care of照顾；关心wait for等候worry about担心4其他形式at first首先at last最后at once立刻 according to根据because of因为 instead of代替on ones own独自；独立as for至于thanks to幸亏；由于【对点导练】1thanks_to_ the no.48 bus driver，all the passengers were saved.2jim got the first place in the math competition.his parents were proud_of_ him.3when peter arrived at the railway station，he tried to look_for_ a place to park his car.4sally is my best friend.she is always there whenever im_in_ trouble.5i want to know what happened _to_ my friend.i havent heard _from_ her recently.二、连词用来连接词与词、短语与短语，以及句子与句子的词叫作连词。连词属于虚词，在句中不能单独使用。对于连词的考查主要涉及以下考点：1并列连词and，but，so与or的用法；2常见的从属连词的基本用法。并列连词并列连词是指用以连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子的连词(如and，but，or，so等)，可表示并列、顺承、转折、选择、因果等关系。常见并列连词(短语)用法如下：1表示并列(或顺承)关系连词(短语)意义例句说明and和；又she is kind and patient.她既友好又有耐心。表并列，and前后的词意义相近，否定句中用or。然后he came in and took off his coat.他进来然后脱掉外套。表示动作先后。那么be careful，and you will make fewer mistakes.细心点，你就会少犯些错误。祈使句and陈述句(表结果)。both and,两者都,both linda and amy like reading.琳达和艾米都喜欢阅读。,连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。neithernor,既不也不,mr.gao neither drinks nor smokes.高先生既不喝酒也不抽烟。not only but also,不但而且,not only he but also i am excited about the news.不但他而且我也对这个消息感到兴奋。,连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”。2.表示转折关系连词意义例句说明but但是the man is poor，but he is happy.这个人很穷，但他很快乐。不能与(al)though同时使用。while然而i like red while she likes blue.我喜欢红色而她喜欢蓝色。强调对比关系。yet可是；然而he tried his best，yet he failed the exam.他尽了最大的努力，然而还是考试不及格。注意：副词however可表转折关系，意为“然而”，时常位于句首或句中，并用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。如：toms mother was not feeling well.however，she went to work as usual.汤姆的妈妈感觉不舒服。然而，她照常去上班。3表示选择关系连词(短语)意义例句说明or或者who is taller，sam or john？谁更高，萨姆还是约翰？表示选择。否则；要不然study hard，or youll fail the exam.努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。祈使句or陈述句(表结果)。续表连词(短语)意义例句说明either or或者或者either milk or coffee is ok.牛奶或咖啡都可以。连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”。4.表示因果关系连词so表示因果关系，意为“因此；所以”，但不能与because同时使用。如：he was ill，so he didnt go to school.他生病了，因此没有去上学。【对点导练】用适当的连词填空。1youd better take care，_or_ youll hurt your eyes.2id like to go with you，_but_ im too busy.3i could speak neither french _nor_ chinese，but luckily i could talk with them in english.4smile