高中英语 Unit17 Laughter语法.剖析.活用 北师大版选修6

【语法剖析活用】表格1构 成作 用例 句过去完成进行时的构成had been + 现在分词构成。过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。Had they been expecting the anecdote for some time before I came?在我来之前，他们期待这个趣事有一段时间了吧？The politician had been waiting for his visa for days before he got it.这个政治家在拿到他的签证之前，等了好多天。They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.他们只等了一会儿车就来了。过去完成进行时表示在过去某个时间以前反复的动作。He had been mentioning the comedians name to me before I met her.在我见过那位喜剧演员之前，他过去多次向我提到过她的名字。My parents had been giving me everything before the entrance exam.在之前，我的父母对我真是有求必应。过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。The doctor asked what he had been eating.医生问他吃了什么。I asked where the agent had been staying all those days.我问那经销商那些天是呆在哪儿的。过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句。I had only been reading the thriller a few minutes when my teacher found it.我刚看了那本惊险小说几分钟，老师就发现了。Shed only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。 表格2一般现在时表示当前的动作和存在的状态，尤其指客观存在的规律性的动作。Harmony in life is always the most important. 生活中的和谐总是最重要的。现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作和存在的状态。They are waiting in line. 他们正在站队等候。也可以表示将要发生的动作。They are leaving for the border.他们要朝过境出发。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态，通常会有明确的表示过去的时间状语。Yesterday I went to school regardless of the snowstorm. 昨天，我不怕暴风雪，仍然去上学。 叙述过去连续发生的动作或状态。 This morning, I got up early, went out for a walk, then came back and cooked for my family. 今天早上，我起床，外出散步，回来为全家做饭。表示过去某一段不确定的时间内发生的动作或状态。 He worked in the store for 5 years. 过去进行时 表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或状态。 I was studying psychology at 11 last night. 昨天晚上11点，我正在学习心里学。表示过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作或状态，但说话时动作并没有发生。 He was writing a book last week. 上一周，他在写一本书。表示开始、结束、移动的瞬间动词，如：come, go, arrive, leave, start等，用过去进行时，表示过去的将来即将发生的动作或状态 Yesterday he said he was leaving for Shanghai next week. 与always总是, constantly始终, really非常, actually实际上, often经常, usually通常, all the time一直、总是, continually一直，等副词连用时，表示过去反复出现或发生习的惯性动作，此时常表示说话人的某种感情，如赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。 When he was a boy in a boarding school he was always crying. 当他还是个孩子时，住在寄宿学校，他总是哭。表格3过去完成进行时表示在过去某一特定时间以前发生的动作一直持续到这个特定时间，或是刚刚结束，或是还要延续。但是，决不会延续到现在。It had been raining hard for three weeks. Nearly all the little trees on the mountain were washed away. 大雨一连下了三个星期，山上的小树差不多都给冲刷一尽了。现在完成进行时在现在某段时间内一直进行的动作，强调动作的持续性She has been cleaning the office, so we have to wait outside.她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。(强调动作一直在进行)过去完成时表示的动作在过去的某一时间已经完成。 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 当汤姆到达晚会的时候，大部分人都走了，他很失望。常用于间接引语中，表示某事在过去谈话或者思考的时间以前已经发生了。He saidthat he had cleaned the office.他说他打扫了办公室了。活学巧用单项填空1. (山东，33) Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday.A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost2. (陕西，7) You look very tired_at all last night?No, not really. Im tired out now.A.Do you sleep B.Were you sleepingC.Did you sleep D.Had you slept3. (全国I，21) The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more.A.hasnt lived B.didnt live C.hadnt lived D.doesnt live4. (北京，27) - _ leave at the end of this month.- I dont think you should do that until _ another job.A. Im going to ; youd found B. Im going to ; youve foundC. Ill ; youll find D. Ill ; youd find5. (全国III, 20)As you can see, the number of cars on roads _ rising these days.A. we keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping6. (安徽，25) I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _.A.went; was occurring B.went; occurredC.was going; occurred D.was going; had occurred7.(辽宁，27) The father as well ashis three children skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A.is going B.goC.goesD.are going8. (四川，22) Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026_ off at 18:20.A.takes B.took C.will be taken D.has taken9. (浙江，6) This machine _. It hasnt worked for years.A. didnt workB. wasnt workingC. doesnt workD. isnt working10. (湖北，32) I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he on it for more than an hour.A.has been working B.will have worked C.will have been working D.had worked11. (福建，24) Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _.A. takes off B.is taking off C.has taken off D.took off12. (重庆，21) Ihave to go to work by taxi because my car at the garage.A.will be repaired B.is repairedC.is being repaired D.has been repaired1. A 此题考查延续性动词和瞬间性动词用法辨析。句意：自从上周五发生洪水以来，警察现在一直在寻找据报道失踪的妇女。结合语境可知，说明have been missing “失踪”这一状态一直持续到现在。get lost表示”失踪”的短暂动作。2. C 此题考查过去时态的用法。句意：你看起来很疲劳。你昨天晚上睡觉了吗？不，睡得不好，我现在非常疲劳。由last night可知，sleep是发生在过去的一个动作，故用一般过去时。3. D此题考查一般时态的用法。句意：这房子属于我叔叔的，但是，他现在 不在这里住了。此处描述的是现在的事实，所以用一般现在时态。4. B此题考查一般将来时态的使用。句意：本月底我将离开，我认为你应该找到另一个工作后才离开。第一个空用Im going to或Ill皆可。until引导时间状语从句，用一般现在时代替将来时，所以要用you have found代替youll have found。5. 此题考查一般现在时态的用法。句意：就像你看到的一样，这些天路上的汽车数量持续上涨。根据these days 判断用一般现在时态，the number of 作主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称。keep doing 保持某一状态。6. C此题考查特殊句型中动词时态的用法。句意：我正沿着街道开着车，这时，事故发生了。句型Sb. waswere doingwhen sth. happened表示 “正在过程中，发生一件意外的事情”，过去进行时表示一个过程。7. C此题考查主谓一致与时态。句意：在冬天每个星期天的下午，父亲和他的三个孩子去滑冰。as well as是介词短语作后置定语，所以谓语动词应和主语the father保持一致，再结合后面的every Sunday afternoon可知应用一般现在时。8. A此题考查一般现在时态。句意：看时间表，快点！4026航班在18：20起飞。飞机的起飞是按照时刻表发生的，由语境可知，要用一般现在时，所以本题选A。9. C 此题考查时态。句意：这台机器不能用了，好多不能正常工作了。现在不能工作，是在叙述现在的状态，要用一般现在时态。10. A此题考查时态的用法。句意：对于这个问题，我让学生思考一个多小时以后，才给他们答案。for more than an hour是时