创新学分论文.doc

同济大学热能与动力工程专业 创新学分论述报告 姓名：*学号：*院系：机械与能源工程学院专业：热能与动力工程 Be positive on challenge of haze Protecting the environment and making use of natural resources are two of the most pressing demands in the present stage of social development. Abstract Systematic research on haze in China has been on-going for a decade. The rapid economic expansion and urbanization has led to worsening particulate matter（PM） pollution and more frequent poor visibility events. A rapid increase in the number of hazy days has been seen over eastern China. The culprit of hazy weather is fine PM pollution. Hazy weather is often associated with photochemical pollution and composition of aerosols responsible for haze is rather complicated. In recent years, hazy weather, due to its significant environmental impacts and climatic effects, has become a hot topic, attracting wide attention from scientific community, government departments and the public.Definition of “Haze”Haze also called fog or heavy fog in many reports ，it is an aerosol system in which dust ，sulfuric acid ，nitric acid and organic hydrocarbon lead to atmospheric turbidity and visibility worsen .However the haze is not the so called fog ,every winter holiday I went back my home ，I had always seen those heavy fog upon the river near to my home ，I know for a fact that is a natural phenomena which appears when later time or morning of sunny day in winter ，and that is not a climate worsen but a beautiful scene of winter .here in advanced city shanghai ，I have acquainted with the conception so called haze .The distinction between fog and haze first，let us briefly distinguish the two kind of phenomena by how they occurs Fog is a collection of liquid water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air or near the surface of earth.Haze is traditionally an atmospheric phenomenon where dust ，smoke and other dry particles obscure the clarity of the sky.the main difference between fog and haze is the relative humidity。CharacterFogHazeRelative humidity90%80%Average diameter10-20 m1-2 mThicknesstiny1-3kilometersVisibility1kilometer1kilometer-10kilometersAppearanceMilk white or gray Brownish or bluish Cause of “Haze”(1) The low atmosphere and the low air humidityThe air resting near the ground make the particular matter floating in the specific area .2）with the growing number of the cars ，much more vehicle exhausted emission let out to the air everyday.3）our economy has been taking considerable benefit from the various industries ，yet the pollution from the industries cause the fearful environmental harm .4) peoples daily activities like cooking 、unsettled rubbish 、firework .Caremissionbecomesmajorcauseofair pollutionChina has been leading the world in vehicle production for years and motor vehicle emissions have become a major contributor to the air pollution problems .The rapid increase of motor vehicles in service has increasingly highlighted the importance and urgency of automotive pollution control. Pollution monitors shows that Chinas urban air quality has started to show the characteristic of combined soot and vehicle exhaust pollution.Dust haze ，acid rain ， photochemical smog and other regional air pollution problems frequently occur in some areas ，and these problems are closely related to vehicle emissions . meanwhile ，as motor vehicles mostly run in densely populated regions ，exhaust emissions are effecting peoples health directly .In 2010 , chinas automobiles emitted a total of more than 52 million tons of pollutants ，including nitrogen oxide （NOx），hydrocarbon （HC），carbon monoxide （CO）and particle matter （PM），in which NOx and PM emitted accounted for more than 85 percent , HC and CO exceeded 70 percent .Infuel,theNOxemissionfromalldieselvehiclesinthecountryreachesnearly60percentoftotalvehicleemissions,andthePMemissionaccountsformorethan90percent;whilegasolinevehicleshavehigherCOandHCemissions,accountingfor morethan70percentoftotalvehicleemissions.From the information above ,we can see how huge pollution vehicle industry has brought to our environment ，and hazy weather still being the dreadful and urgent trend that occurring huge impact on both of our daily work and health .The impact of hazy weather1） The harm on human body The haze has made bad effect on peoples health ，it is reported that some people have cough and headache after breathing in heavy haze ，and also experts said that haze has considerable harm on peoples respiratory system ，even lead to death .2） The impact on the economy It is evident to find out what impact of haze on the economy is，because of the harm to human health that causes those dreadful disease and environmental pollution that we have to recover ，so that our economy have had enormous loss on that cost .3） The impact on the traffic Hazeisanobstacletovisualrange. A large number of particles suspended in the air that can make low visibility ，bring adverse effect to transportation ，and increase the incidence of traffic accident .4） The harm on agriculture production The haze weather covered the sun at the same time ，and then effect the photosynthesis of plant ，impeding the growth of plants .Why are people still .I found a correspondent news letter from CNTV NEWS which is indicating the situation of one of Chinese modern city where facing the challenge of hazy weather .Below is the related details ：All we need to do is reduce the fuel consumption that is the main source of particle matter which we call PM , but how many of us will be positive on that ?Apparently，we can find a conflict between driving a car in haze and the danger of that ，which is that we may reduce the discharge of particle matter by driving at higher speed ，but who has the courage to do that ？this is not a best solution when those drivers being allowed to drive at high speed without the consideration of the rule “safety is the first”.while，this is not the foremost problem we have been facing.Along the way ,we have been highlighting the rule of safety ：safety is the firstAnd I said the danger of hazy weather above that people are not supposed to drive in hazy weather as far as possible .As to our health ，we should keep ourselves home to avoid the harm of haze.Nevertheless，being aware of all of this common sense ，people are still stuck in their car.Then we realize that there may be another contradiction existing ，why are people still reluctant to give up driving a car ？The subsistent conflictswhen you hear the question and you make it into your consideration if you are the person who does care about it ，then you at first may obviously give your view saying that it is because of the ignorance and the irresponsibility of people on this case . because most people always tend to put off the responsibility to external factors .However , when people started to concern about their personal health and safety， there must be a another important reason which might be the social policies .First ，in deciding major industry policies，some localities do not take into consideration of their impact to the environment ， so there is not only those drivers are to blame ，but the automobile industry which is one of the main source of pollution and the initial cause of traffic congestion. The automobile industry ，for instance ，had got support from many local government.Second , urban planning has made the workplace highly concentrated ，causing difficulties for commuters who is also on the topic we are discussing right now .we should be the commuters for what we need to do for protecting our city ，but we are still in our own car .It is because of the inconvenience of public transport and cycling in such a crowding of metropolitan place.Third , the behavior of the government agencies has a demonstrating and guiding effect . government cars swagger through the streets and adversely guide the general mood of society. Summarize We all have to breathe . air quality is related to everyones quality of life ，every citizen has unshirkable responsibility as if tak