湖南省长沙县实验中学高三英第二轮专题复习 完形填空（一） 教案.doc

湖南省长沙县实验中学2013届高三英语第二轮专题复习： 完形填空（一） 教案教学目标知识目标了解湖南高考完形一的特点和解题技巧能力目标培养学生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力。德育目标体验合作探究，享受阅读的乐趣和成就感教学重点引导学生探究湖南高考考查的特点教学难点引导学生如何良好的把握上下行文逻辑和整个篇章结构教学方法探究和练习教学用具teaching procedures:step 1: lead-in (2012湖南高考)“whats it like to have a gap between your teeth？”a girl asked me one day.nobody had ever _36_ before. my hand unconsciously rose to cover my mouth. but，as she looked at me，sincerely waiting for _37_，i realized she was not trying to be rude. “i never think about it，”i truthfully replied. she nodded and turned away. i was left wondering if people _38_ me and saw only gappy teeth.later that day at home，i began to _39_ my teeth again. i felt upset. i thought my life would be somehow better if my teeth were not gappy. how i wanted the perfect teeth that everyone else seemed to have!of course，mom _40_ everything. she has lived her entire life with gappy teeth，and tried to convince me that there was nothing to _41_.when i refused to listen，she told me i could get the surgery to close the gap if it was that important. “lets be _42_，though，”she said. “if everyone got surgeries to become pretty，everyone would be exactly the same. there is beauty in differences.”her _43_ made me consider my teeth seriously. the thought of losing my gap was more terrible than the reality that people were going to notice it .i realized how important it was to me. it is part of my _44_.nowadays many people do ridiculous things to realize their dream of “perfection”the _45_ is that no one is perfect. when all potential for ugliness is removed，so is all of the potential for _46_.so if that girl ever asked about my teeth _47_，i would truthfully answer，“you know？its really cute.”36a. faced bguessed casked dimagined37a. an offer ban answer ca suggestion da result38a. heard of bthought of ctalked about dlooked at39a. consider bbrush ccover dappreciate40a. admitted bnoticed ccontrolled dchanged41a. worry about bput off cgive up dwipe out42a. friendly blovely chonest dhelpful43a. words bjokes cdreams dacts44a. ability bdecision cgoal didentity45a. possibility bpurpose ctruth dchoice46a. courage bwisdom ckindness dbeauty47a. once bagain ctoo dinstead通过2012湖南高考真题试做，了解湖南高考完形考查的方向和特点。一、选用文章特点 考查主要立足篇章，强调语言运用能力以及通过上下文的暗示理解文章的能力。题型特点： 1）所选文章难度与教材难度大致相同。 2）文章内容贴近生活，易于理解；有一个主题，内容多为夹叙夹议的感悟性文章和叙事性文章。 3）短文的选材更加灵活，题材更加广泛，而且时代信息越来越强；更加贴近现实生活。 例如：2008年湖南卷的完形填空是一片充满生活气息的回忆性短文。 2009年湖南卷文章的选材还是一篇记叙文。20个小题的设计以实词为主，考点分布如下：动词8个，名词4个，形容词2个，副词2个，介词、连词各2个。 2010年湖南卷的完形填空是一篇作者自叙一次冒险经历的文章。考点分布如下：动词5个，名词3个，形容词3个和副词1个。 2011年湖南卷完形填空部分的文章采用了“人与人之间的情感交流”的和谐类文章。考点分布如下：动词6个，名词3个，形容词2个和副词1个。 2012年湖南卷完形填空文章依旧是常见的记叙文。主要讲牙齿的缝隙过大给作者带来的烦恼和启示。12道题目的分布：名词5个，动词4个，短语1个，形容词和副词各1个。二、设置空白特点 1）近几年湖南高考完形填空第一句话都没有设空，短文中设空的平均间距在10-15词之间。 2）每小题给出的四个选项一般都属于相同的词类或同一范畴；干扰项也多半可以和空前或空后的文字形成搭配，从而起到一定的干扰和迷惑作用。 3）在布空设题方面设计独具匠心，以实词为主，虚词为辅，重点是动词、形容词、名词和连接词，副词和介词考查较少。 4）选项具有有效性和干扰性，充分体现语言知识灵活运用的特征。step 2:题型探究 湖南卷完形填空能力考查的主要体现1）句子层次（2012. 湖南高考） she nodded and turned away. i was left wondering if people _38_ me and saw only gappy teeth. ()38: a. heard of b. thought of c. talked about d. looked at 解析：句子层次属于完形填空最简单的设题方式。考查的通常是一些固定搭配，或根据所在的句子就能得出正确答案。38.答案d：她点了点头然后走开了，把作者扔下独自思索是不是人们只看到作者的有着大缝隙的牙齿。根据句中的“saw only gappy teeth”可知此处表示“看，打量”。其他选项hear of“听说”；think of“想到，想起”和talk about“谈论”均与题意不符。2) 句组层次（2012. 湖南高考） whats it like to have a gap between you teeth? a girl asked me one day. nobody had ever _36_ before. my hand unconsciously rose to cover my mouth. but, as she looked at me, sincerely waiting for _37_ , i realized she was not trying to be rude. ()36: a. faced b. guessed c. asked d. imagined ()37: a. an offer b. an answer c. a suggestion d. a result 解析：句组层次比句子层次从难度上提高了。因为仅仅根据所在句子往往解决不了问题，必须联系上下句，甚至更多的句子才能得出答案。36.答案c：根据第一句中的“a girl asked me”可知，此处作者主要想表达以前没有人“问”过自己这个问题。37.答案b：作者的手无意中抬了起来盖住了嘴巴，但是她却看着作者，诚心盼着给予答复，根据下文的“i truthfully replied”可知，此处表示“一个答案”，所以b项正确。3） 语篇层次（2012. 湖南高考） when i refused to listen, she told me i could get the surgery to close the gap if it was that important. lets be _42_. though, she said. if everyone got surgeries to become pretty, everyone would be exactly the same. there is beauty in differences.()42: a. friendly b. lovely c. honest d. helpful 解析：语篇层次是完形填空题命题的较高层次，这个层次的题难度较大，做题时需要具备很强的阅读理解能力以及逻辑推理、判断分析的能力。这类试题所占的比例有逐步增加的趋势。42.答案c。承接上文可知，母亲劝说作者，如果感觉这很重要可以进行手术以改变现状，但是还是希望作者活得真实一点。根据上下文，如果通过手术都能达到美的效果，那么每个人都是一模一样的了。美在于与众不同。由此可知c项正确。4）词汇辨析能力（词的基本用法、词的搭配和习惯用语、同义词/近义词/形似词的区分）。（2011课标全国卷） she was just _1_ (beginning) to understand the world. and she _2_ (believed) that her firsthand experience could be the _3_ .()3.a.growth bstrength cfaith dtruth解析:3.d联系前文我们知道，教授想告诉学生的是：第一手经验并不一定是事情的真相，我们要通过科学实验来验证真相，但是小女孩的想法与之相反。结论: 解题步骤1. 跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意。2. 结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案。3. 瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破。4. 复读全文，逐空验证，弥补疏漏。step 3 解题技巧一、看清上下文，找准定位词（2012. 湖南高考）later that day at home, i began to _39_ my teeth again. i felt upset. i thought my life would be somehow better if my teeth were not gappy. how i wanted the perfect teeth that everyone else seemed to have! ()39: a. consider b. brush c. cover d. appreciate解析：a回家后，作者开始思考自己的牙齿，心情沮丧。根据下文的 “i thought.”可以看出，此处表示作者的内心感受，所以选择a项consider“思考”。其他选项brush“刷”；cover“覆盖”和appreciate“欣赏，感激”均与题意不符。(2011全国卷) in our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory _1_ course about 20 years ago. the professor _2_ the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆), and invited the students to _3_ how many beans the jar contained. ()1.a.art bhistory cscience dmath()2.a.searched for blooked at cgot through dmarched into()3.a.count bguess creport dwatch解析:分析选项我们可以知道，四个备选项词性没有任何区别，从搭配的角度看，每个备选项都可以填入空中，甚至有的选项在所在句中完全讲得通，但是语境对答案的选择起了决定作用。1c联系下文我们知道，这是一节理科实验课。2d从空后的placed upon his desk a large jar filled with我们可以知道，老师走进了教室。3b联系空后的how many beans the jar contained我们可知：教授让学生们猜一下，这个坛子能装多少豆子。二、寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系。(2011. 湖南部分省重点中学联考题) it has been many years sine i was in london _ i still remember something that happened during that visit. () a. and b. for c. but d. as 解析：c根据空格前的“it has been many years.”和句后的still remember可知应选表示转折关系的连词but。三、通顺逻辑，寻求搭配。（2011. 湖南高考）however when i had to _39_ because i stupidly forget my book, i noticed she had just finished packing them up by herself. ()39: a. come out b. stand by c. go back d. turn up 解析：c考查短语。根据文意，作者因为忘记了拿书，所以又回来了。四、 扎实基础，理清辨异。(2011. 湖南省部分重点中学联考题)soon i heard a _ like that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet. ()a. sound b. cry c. voice d. shout 解析：a选项 b、c、d 的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是a项。五、 了解生活常识，确定相关知识。（2011. 湖南十二所重点中学联考题）immediately the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the _ hospital.()a. animal b. biggest c. plant d. nearest 解析：d在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为d项。(2010北京卷)mrs. neidls _1_ that year was, “try it. we can always paint over it _2_！”i began to take _3_.()1.a.message bmotto csaying dsuggestion()2.a.again bmore cinstead dlater()3.a.steps bcontrol ccharge drisks解析:此篇三空的选择就要依据社会文化知识和生活常识来判断。1bmessage信息；motto座右铭，箴言；saying谚语；suggestion建议。we can always paint over it _2_是mrs. neidl信奉的，故选b。2d根据上下文提示，mrs. neidl鼓励“我”大胆地去做，过后他们还会paint，推知答案为later。3.d 上文鼓励“我”大胆地去做，所以“我”不再害怕，准备冒险。六、利用语法知识，选出正确选项（2011. 湖南省部分重点中学联考题） i did very badly at school. my headmaster thought i was _36_ and when i was 14 he said, you are never going to be _37_ but a failure. ()36. a. bright b. useless c. simple d. hopeful ()37. a. anything b. something c. everything d. nothing 解析：37.a如果说第36空是根据上下文意思来做的话，那么第37空考查的就是纯语法知识，即anything用于否定句中。(2011安徽卷)one afternoon, i walked into a building to ask _ there were any job opportunities(机会)()a. why bwherever cwhether dwhenever解析: c这里指“我”走进一栋大楼询问是否(whether)有工作机会。七、 总体利用语篇知识。完形填空测试内容还包括篇章结构和推理判断能力。这些答案的选择，起关键作用的是上下文的关系；也就是说，对短文的理解是非常重要的，这类题型所占的比例较大，且难度也大。八、 重视首尾点睛。完形填空的第一句话通常不会设空，并常常是全篇的主题句。我们要抓住这一特点，抓住主题句，从中找出文章所谈论事情的when，where，who，why，what 等5个w以及规模、范围、性质及有关的论点和主张.step 4 误区警示1. 文章大意易错点(2009. 湖南高考) “its no use, mum,” said john. “im just no good at dancing.” “youve got to keep trying. tonight will be _36_ , dear. try a turn with that pretty lisette.” ()36. a. difficult b. troublesome c. different d. terrible【错误透析】 c全文首句“its no use，mum，” said johnny.“im just no good at dancing.”就是文章的主题句，说明了文章的大意。结合全文大意应选c项。【解题指导】 考生在做此类题时容易忽视文章大意。应该在把握文章大意的基础上，对文章进行整体了解，避免做了后面的题目后才发现和前面的内容冲突或矛盾。2. 情感态度易错点（2010 湖南高考） beans is a white dog, quite handsome and very _38_. he not only understands what we tell him, but also often make sounds if he were trying to _39_ back. ()38. a, smart b. sweet c. slow d. shy【错误透析】 asmart“聪明的”；sweet “甜美的”；slow“慢的”；shy“害羞的”。根据下一句 “he not only understands what we tell him，but also often makes sounds as if he were trying to _39_ back.”可推断beans是聪明的。 【解题指导】 考生在做此类题时容易忽视作者的情感态度，盲目理解文章大意。3. 上下文关系易错点（2012. 湖南高考） so if that girl ever asked about my teeth _47_ , i would truthfully answer, “you know,? its really cute.” ()47. a. once b. again c. too d. instead 【错误透析】如果那个女孩再问“我”有关牙齿的问题，“我”会真实地告诉她，这很可爱。与开头相呼应，此处表示再一次，所以用again。4. 逻辑关系易错点 （2009. 湖南高考） johnny _37_ . every saturday night used to be the best of the week. ()37. a. answered b. sighed c. smiled d. laughed【错误透析】 b由下句“每个周六的晚上曾是一周中最好的时光”及上文说到johnney并不擅长跳舞，可知那晚要做的事让他很无奈，故选sigh“叹息”。【解题指导】 考生在做此类题时，要合理理解文章的内容，正确地把握文章的逻辑关系。逻辑关系主要涉及原因、时间、条件、转折等方面。只要考生弄明白文章中的关键词以及逻辑关系，就能轻松地确定正确答案。5. 基本常识易错点 （2012. 湖南高考） nowadays many people do ridiculous things to realize their dreams of “perfection”. the _45_ is that no one is perfect. when all potential fir ugliness is removed, so is all the potential for _46_. ()45. a. possibility b. purpose c. truth d. choice ()46. a. courage b. wisdom c. kindness d. beauty【错误透析】45.c当今许多人做傻事以求达到“完美”，事实是人无完人。possibility“可能性”；purpose“目的”；truth“事实，真相”；choice“选择”。根据句意可知c项符合语境。46.d如果所有潜在的丑的东西都被清除了，那么所有美的东西也不复存在了。与ugliness相对的自然是beauty。【解题指导】 考生在做此类题时，要在了解短文主要意思的基础上结合基本常识来进行解题。平时在学习时应当注意知识的积累，加强跨学科知识的融合。多阅读，多体会，注意中西文化的差异，掌握一名合格的中学生应具备的基本常识。step 5 分体裁练习专题一记叙文完形填空when i was fourteen i was hit by a car and i felt almost senseless from the waist down. i spent the next four years _1_ a back support. i began running seven days a week to strengthen my muscles. it was tiring but i_2_before i graduated from high school. when i was thirty-one, i was in another car accident in which my legs were seriously injured. the _3_told me that their goal was to get me to walk “_4_”but that i would never run again. stubborn and _5_ , however, i set out to rebuild my leg muscles to support my knees through my own personalized _6_ program. the fact was that it took me two years to learn how to walk and nine and a half years to run again. while on one of my runs, a _7_ thought entered my mind: what if i could run the la marathon? i wanted to know what it felt like to cross the prized finish line, even if it _8_ i had to crawl (爬) across it. i had only four months to get ready. i spent almost all my time training as if my very _9_depended on itactually, it did. i knew that if i didnt train to my fullest, my body would break down and the doctors diagnosis would win. i wasnt about to let that happen. i had a dream: i would run the la marathon to achieve one of my lifes greatest _10_ . i trained eight times a week, seven days a week twice on wednesdays. finally, my hard efforts _11_ . i crossed the finish line of the la marathon, strong and solid. im often asked why i run, to which i always reply, “i run because i can.” i _12_ myself that the aches and pains i experience while training and racing are nothing, compared to the suffering those whom i admire must bear. this is why i run. ()1.a.dressing bwearing cdesigning ddecorating()2.a.recovered bcured cquitted dshook()3.a.doctors bpatients ccoaches dpioneers()4.a.frequently bnormally cattractively dcarefully()5.a.determined bexcited cunsatisfied ddisappointed()6.a.working bsharing ctraining dwalking()7.a.suitable breasonable csilly dcrazy()8.a.meant bproved cagreed dexplained()9.a.patience bexistence cappearance dabsence()10.a.promises breputations cgoals dlevels()11.a.worked out bturned out cpaid back dpaid off()12.a.show bask cremind dteach 【解析】 本文是记叙文。“我”两次出车祸，医生说他们可以让“我”像正常人一样行走，但是“我”不能跑了。在这样的情况下，“我”仍然顽强、意志坚定地锻炼自己。“我”有了参加马拉松长跑的想法，结果“我”的努力得到了回报，“我”终于实现了自己的梦想。1b 联系前文的senseless from the waist down以及空后的a back support可知，在“我”腰部以下失去知觉后，“我”四年的时间里都戴着背部支撑器。a项有较大干扰性，dress作“穿衣”讲时，宾语是人，而不是物。2a 选择此空答案时要注意空前的but，尽管锻炼让“我”筋疲力尽，但是在中学毕业前“我”康复了。3a 联系空后的their goal was to get me to walk可知，这是在“我”治疗时，医生答应要实现的目标。4b 本空的引号对我们选择答案起了很重要的提示作用，显然医生认为“我”正常行走的希望也是渺茫的。其他选项中，frequently频繁地；attractively吸引人地；carefully小心地；这三项显然不能体现医生们的推测。5a and表明了此空与前面的stubborn为并列关系，再联系后面的i set out to rebuild my leg muscles to support my knees可知，没有听医生的诊断，而是倔强地、顽强地坚持自己的锻炼。c, d都不能与空前的stubborn形成并列关系，也不能说明自己的不服输。6c 从空前的i set out to rebuild my leg muscles to support my knees我们知道，“我”开始了自己的训练计划。7d 联系后文what if i could run the la marathon我们知道，“我”花了九年半的时间学会了跑，现在想去参加马拉松比赛，因此说这是一个疯狂的想法。8a 空前的even if对本空起了很好的指导作用，不能跑着穿越终点，即使爬过终点，“我”也想参加的。9b 联系空前的i spent almost all my time training以及表达比喻的as if我们知道，“我”全身心投入到准备中，就像“我”的存在就是依赖着这个比赛。10c 联系空前的achieve我们知道，“我”要跑马拉松，实现人生的最大目标之一。11d 联系空后的i crossed the finish line of the la marathon我们知道，最终“我”的付出得到了回报。pay off在这里是“得到回报”的意思。work out 弄清楚，计算出； turn out结果是；pay back返还。12c 联系空后的内容我们知道，“我”时常提醒自己。专题二夹叙夹议型完形填空when i was a young child, my parents often told me that it was time to teach a man everything. i didnt understand and wondered why _1_ had such a big influence on a person. i thought i could grow up quickly to find it out as an adult. but now, before i come to knock at the door of adulthood, i feel _2_ to express my own opinions on this saying. i know that im just a high school student with very few experiences. there are still many things _3_ me in the future, yet i would like to express myself in a childish voice. i once read this sentence: “to make this world a happy place to live, youd better _4_ yourself and your heart, instead of the whole world.” i was shocked. it made me think about life itself. there are so many things around us that _5_ our will. we cant force life to follow our wishes. the earth wont stop turning no matter whether we _6_ it or not. what we can do is just to make ourselves _7_the world. i think we should learn to accept what life gives us, no matter whether its the spring sunlight or the winter snowfall, and try to be happy.deeply moved by the pop song grandmother (by jay chou), i always try to _8_ every pleasant thing in my life, but now i see i dont catch most of the pleasant moments. it is more_9_ that they slip by and leave you feeling _10_ . i realize that im not just living for myself and that there are the others around me i should think of. they all pay attention to my growing up, even if its just a little progress. everyone has his or her own attitude towards life, be it _11_ or negative. it doesnt matter, i think. there is one _12_ that should be obeyedand thats to make this world better.()1.a.man btimecthing dparent ()2.a.anxiousbworriedctired dglad()3.a.waiting forbsticking withcdepending on ddoing with ()4.a.ask bchangecexchange dforce()5.a.go with bgo alongcgo ahead dgo against()6.a.receive bacceptcrefuse dapprove()7.a.change bsuit cbeat dmatch()8.a.miss bcatch cescape dlose()9.a.probably blikely cpossibly dunlikely()10.a.regretful bawful csuccessful dterrible()11.a.wrong bfalse cpositive dtrue()12.a.point brule cthing dword【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，文中的“我”从父母告诉“我”的一句话中学会了生活，懂得了生活，学会了适应社会。许多时候我们还是要改变自己来适应这个世界，而不是改变世界来适应自己！1b文章第一句父母说时间教会一个人一切，故作者不明白“时间”对一个人会有如此大的影响(作用)。2a根据语境比较四个选项的意思，不难看出答案。anxious渴望的，be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事. worried担心的；tired疲倦的。此处作者讲现在不到成年就急于表达自己的思想。3a作者才是个中学生，人生漫长，所以“将来还有许多事等着自己(去做)”。stick with持续，坚持；depend on依赖，依靠；do with处理；均不符合题意。4b联系上下文可知，要使这个世界成为快乐的生活场所，你不可能改变整个世界，只能改变自己、改变自己的内心，使自己适应社会。ask，exchange和force均与文意不符。5d联系上下文可以看出“我们最好改变自己我们不可能强迫生活”，说明“人生总有不如意之处”，也就是go against“违背”之意。6b前句说“地球不会停转”，故无论我们(主观)接受这个事实与否，它都不会改变。receive(客观)收到，接待；refuse拒绝；approve批准，同意；均不合题意。7b suit “适合于， 使适应”，还可以指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”。8b见后文的but now i see i dont catch推知。9b此句是it is likely (adj.) that从句。a、c是副词，d项是likely的反义词。10a那些快乐溜掉，只留下自己遗憾，而不是awful(糟糕的)；successful(成功的)；terrible(可怕的)。11c or前后的意思相反(积极的态度还是消极的态度)，注意前后联系。12b注意与后文obey的搭配。专题三议论文型完形填空for women, life can