（同步精品课堂）2016年八年级英语下册 Unit 9《Have you ever been to a museum》（讲）（含解析）（新版）人教新目标版.doc

have you ever been to a museum一、教材分析本单元围绕过去的经历学习使用现在完成时。通过学生喜闻乐见的一些娱乐场所的描述，反复运用have you everbeen to,i ve never been to句型来激发他们使用本单元所学单词的兴趣。通过一系列的活动，来加深他们对现在完成时的理解，明白英汉两种表达在结构及表达方式上的异同点。二、重、难点知识点提示重点：掌握本单元的目标语言 have you ever been to?/ ive never been to 难点：比较现在完成时和一般过去时态的差异。三、重点知识点讲解：考点（一）词语辨析. how构成的疑问短语辨析1. how long表示 “时间多久或物体多长”. 表示时间侧重指 “一段时间”.针对 “how long” 的回答一般是时间段,如 “for three days”, “three years” “about two weeks” 3. how often表示 “多少时间一次或每隔多久”.是就做某事的频率提问。针对how often的回答一般是 “twice a year”. “three times a week”. 3. how soon表示 “多久之后”.侧重某人某事能多快时间完成. how soon的回答一般为: “ in + 时间段” e.g. “ in two days” “in five years” 4how far表示“多远” how far is it? 5. how many主要用来提问可数名词的数量6. how much主要用来提问钱数或者提问不可数名词的数量。如：how much is the book? -its five yuan. how much mike do you want?only one bag.7. how old 用来提问年龄。如： how old are you ? - i m twelve years old.【典型例题1】1. apples do you want to buy? ten, please. and are they?a. how much ; how much b. how many ; how manyc. how many ; how much d. how much ; how many【答案】c【解析】试题分析：句意：你想买多少苹果？十个。它们多钱？how many +可数名词复数，提问数量; how much+不可数名词，提问数量；还可以提问价钱。结合句意，故选c考点：考查疑问词的用法。2. _is a boat ticket for children?how old is your child? its free for kids under three years old.a. how long b. how much c. how often d. how soon【答案】b【解析】考点：疑问词辨析3. _ is it from wuxi to sanya and how much does it _ to fly there?a. how long； take b. how far； costc. how soon； spend d. how far； take【答案】b【解析】试题分析：句意：从无锡到三亚有多远？飞到哪要花费多少钱？根据语境可知第一个空是提问距离故用how far提问；根据固定句型it takes to do表示花费时间去做某事。结合句意，故选b考点：考查疑问词组及动词辨析。. hundred ,thousand, million辨析hundred n 百 hundreds of 数以百的 thousand n 千 thousands of成千上万的million n 百万 millions of成百万的(1)当million 前面有具体的数字时，用单数形式(2)当million 后与of 连用时用复数形式，millions of 是数百万的意思，前面不能加数词具体的不加s 也不加of，不具体的加s 也加of【典型例题2】1.in our city, _ college students want to work as a teacher in holidays.a. thousand b. thousands of c. thousand of d. two thousand of【答案】b【解析】考点：数词用法2. there are _ books in our library.a. five hundreds b. hundred of c. hundreds of d.five hundred of【答案】c【解析】试题分析：句意：我们图书馆里有成千上百本书。hundred表示具体有几百时，用单数；表示虚指时，用复数加of，意为成千上百的。故选c。考点：考查数词。. 分数的表达分数的表达法1).结构：a).分子用基数词,分母用序数词.b).当分子大于1时,分母为序数词加s. = three fourths = three quarters 2).分数的几种特殊形式. 1/3one third = a third 1/4one fourth = a quarter 1/2one second = a half 3/4three fourths = three quarters 3).分数词作主语时, 谓语动词根据分数词后面的名词来确定. 不可数名词 +动词单三形式分数 + of + 可数名词 + 动词变复数形式【典型例题3】1. of the teachers in our school women.atwo thirds, are btwo threes , is ctwo third, are dtwo thirds , is【答案】a考点：考查分数的表示法。2. of our classmates are good at basketball.a. three quarters b. three fourth c. third four d. three four【答案】a【解析】试题分析：句意：我们班的四分之三学生都擅长打篮球。分析：考查分数的用法，简单的说，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于一，分母用复数形式。 例如：三分之一：one third，而四分之几时，用单词quarter表示。故选 a考点：考查分数的表示法。.listen to/hear辨析(1)listen/listen to 听，侧重听的“过程”(2)hear 听，侧重听的“结果”hear sb. do sth 听见某人做某事 i often hear him sing in the room.hear sb. doing sth 听见某人正在做某事 i hear him singing in the roomhear of/about 听说 hear from =receive a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信im sorry to hear that.听到这件事我很难过(指听到别人不幸的消息时的用语)【典型例题4】1. me carefully, boys and girls. can you me?a. listen to; hear from b. hear; listen toc. hear; hear d. listen to; hear【答案】d【解析】 试题分析：本题的含义是认真的听，你们能听见吗？前半句强调动作用listen to，后半句强调结果用hear，故本题选d。考点：考查动词的用法。2. i never _ him after he went to the usa.maybe you should write to him first.a. hear about b. hear of c. hear from d. hear out【答案】 c【解析】考点：短语辨析.information/message/ news辨析information指电视、电脑或其它杂志等获得的信息，为不可数名词； a piece of information 一条信息you can get much information on the internetmessage“消息、口信、电报” 指书面、口头、无线电等传来的信息，为可数名词； ill leave a message for her. 我将为她留个口信。 news“新闻，消息”，指通过报纸、电台、电视等新闻媒介报道的最新消息，为不可数名词。 a piece of news 一则新闻is there any good news today?【典型例题5】1.what _ can you give me on learning english? i think you could join an english club a advice b news c messages d information【答案】a【解析】试题分析：句意：-关于学英语，你能给我些什么建议？-我认为你应该加入英语俱乐部。a advice建议；b news新闻；c messages消息，信息；d information消息。结合句意，故选a。考点：考查名词词义辨析。2.just search the internet, you can get almost all the _ you need. a. informations b. information c. picture d. story【答案】b【解析】试题分析：句意：只要上网搜索，你几乎就能得到你想要的一切信息。information消息，信息，不可数；picture图画；d. story故事。结合句意，故选a。考点：考查名词词义辨析。.have/has been to / have / has gone to / have/ has been in 辨析： have/ has been to + 地名 “曾经去过某地” , 现在已经回到原地。he has been to england twice他曾经去过英国两次。(现在已经不在英国了)have you ever been to the great wall？你到过长城吗?（现在已经不在长城上）have gone to “已经去某地了” ， 说话时该人不在现场。 he has gone to england。他已去英国了。(已经不在说话的地方，到达英国或者在去英国的路上)have been in +地点 待在某地，常与时间段搭配。【典型例题6】1mary, along with her parents _ hainan for a week and they will come back soon.a. have been to b. has been inc. have been in d. has been to【答案】b【解析】考点：考查完成时态及动词应用2.do you know where the twins are? yes. they _ fuzhou.a. have gone to b. have been to c. have gone d. went to 【答案】a【解析】本题考查现在完成时，have/has been to 去过某地（已经回来了），have/has gone to去了（还没回来）强调不在说话地点，根据题意故选a.考点：完成时态及动词应用. invent与discover辨析invent v 发明inventor n 发明家 invention n 发明1.invent发明指事物从无到有（客观上没有）2.discover发现强调事物本身存在，只不过从“未知”到“已知”（客观上以前存在）【典型例题7】1after hard training for a long time, liu xiang _the records again.a. brokeb. achievedc. inventedd. completed【答案】a【解析】考点：考查动词词义辨析。2.at that time, the calculator was a great _ / nvenn /.a. invent b. invitation c. invention d. inventor【答案】c【解析】试题分析：句意：在那时，计算机是一个伟大的发明。invent 是一个动词，意思是发明；invitation 是一个名词，意思是邀请；invention是一个名词，意思是发明；inventor发明者。根据句意和音标可知，这里是说计算机是一个伟大的发明，应该用名词。故选c。考点：考查名词。考点（二）点动词与延续性动词点动词即该动词所表示的动作瞬间完成，不能延续很长时间也称非延续性动词。在现在完成动时当中点动词不能与段时间连用。若要表达同一含义，可以有如下表达方式。1. 把点动词改为同义的延续性动词borrow-keep buy-have die- be dead finish/end -be over start/begin-be on come/go back-be back go/leave -be away get to know-know become-be join-be a member of / be in . come/arrive-be here/ in put onwear go to sleep- be asleep catch a coldhave a cold marry-be marriedeg:( 误 ) i have bought the book for 2 weeks . ( 正 ) i have had the book for 2 weeks. ( 误 ) the dog has died for 5 days. ( 正 )the dog has been dead for 5 days.2.it is / has been + 段时间 since + sentence ( 一般过去时)eg: ( 误 ) he has joined the league for three years. ( 正 )he has been in the league for three years. ( 正 ) he has been a member of the league for three years( 正) it is three years since he joined the league. 他入团已三年了【典型例题8】1.- what a beautiful car! when _ you _ it? - i _ it for two years.a. did; buy; boughtb. did; buy; have hadc. have; bought; have boughtd. have; bought; have had【答案】b【解析】考点：考查动词时态。2. where is mr. wu? i havent seen him for several days.he _ america and he _ from his home since last week.a. has been in; has leftb. has gone to; has leftc. has gone to; has been awayd. have been in; has been away【答案】c【解析】试题分析：句意：-吴先生在哪？我已经有七天没有看见他了。-他已经去美国了，自从上个星期，他就已经离开家了。分析：考查现在完成时，表示提到的人不在说话地点，用have gone to 去了某地。（have been in 待在某地）；同时since last week是段时间，离开要用延续动词，因此将leave转换为have been away.故选 c考点：考查现在完成时的用法。3. do you know the young woman in a red dress?sure. we friends since ten years ago.a. were b. have become c. have been d. have made【答案】c【解析】考点：考查时态的用法.考点（三）重点短语1.at night 在夜晚2.in a more natural environment 在一个更加自然的环境中3.all year round 一年到头;终年4.be