大学自考英语串讲笔记unit22.doc

09年10月自考英语（一）串讲笔记（unit22）2009-8-4 19:13自考365论坛 【大 中 小】Text ACurrent Attitudes toward Physical Fitness一、New Words1.前缀单词1）misuse（vt.）1.误用，滥用；2.苛待，虐待（n.） 误用，滥用2）reexamine（vt.）1.再考，复试；2.再调查，再审查2.后缀单词1）fitness（n.）1.适合，恰当，合理；2.健康2）involvement（n.）1.卷入，牵连（in）；2.牵连到的事，复杂情况3）limitation（n.）1.限制；2.限度，局限4）locker（n.）（公共场所供个人存放衣物用的）带锁的小柜5）commitment（n.）承担的责任或义务，承诺6）accomplishment（n.）1.完成；2.成就；3.pl.造诣，技能同义词：achievement7）positively（ad.）1.确定地，明确地；2.积极地，肯定地3.合成词1）time-consuming（a.）耗费时间的2）shortsighted（a.）1.近视的；2.目光短浅的；反义词：longsighted 有远见的4.特殊记忆1）recreation（n.）1.消遣，娱乐，娱乐活动；2.（身心）修养5.核心单词1）assure（n.）1.使确信，使放心（of）；2.向保证（of）句式结构：assure sb of；assure sb thatFor example 1：I assure you of passing the exam. 我保证你能通过考试。For example 2：He assured his wife that he would make much money to live a happy life with her. 向他的妻子保证说，他会挣很多钱，同她一起过幸福的生活。2）priority（n.）1.优先，重点，优先权；2.优先考虑的事For example：At present study is my priority. 目前学习是我的重点。3）schedule（n.）时间表，日程安排表，即 timetable（vt.）安排，排定；同义词 arrangeFor example：The plane is scheduled to take off at four p.m 这架飞机定于下午四点起飞。4）facility（n.）1.常pl.设备，设施；2.便利，容易；同义词：equipment（没有复数形式，表示一套设备）5）career（n.）1.生涯，经历；2.职业，事业加“er”不一定是人。如“cooker 炊具、typewriter 打字机”6）comment（n.）1.评论；2.评注；搭配 make comments on/upon：对做出评论/评注（vi.）1.评论；2.注释；搭配 comment on/upon：意思是评论For example：He is reluctant to make any comments on the matter. 他不愿意对这件事做出任何评论。7）maintain（vt.）1.维持，保持；2.维修，保养 The monitor maintains the order of the class when the teacher is absent.当老师不在的时候，班长就维持课堂秩序。当 maintain 表示“保持”的时候，用作系动词e.g. maintain silent 保持沉默e.g. maintain quiet 保持安静 His task is to maintain the highway. 他的任务是维修公路。8）approach（vt.）1.靠近，接近；come near 2.探讨，处理（问题）deal with（n.）1.接近；2.途径，方法 As you approach the town， the first building you can see is the school.接近那座城镇的时候，首先看到的是那所学校。 He tried everything to approach the difficult problem.他想尽一切方法来处理这个难题。 The scientists havent found a correct approach to the disease.科学家们尚未找到治疗这一疾病的正确方法。二、Text ACurrent Attitudes toward Physical Fitness（当前人们对待健身的种种态度）注意：1.current 意思是目前的，当前的；2.Attitudes 意思是态度。表示“对于的态度”时，后面一般加“to 或 toward”；3.Physical Fitness 意思是健身。physical exercise 锻炼身体 Recently we were told by a student that setting aside time for improving his physical fitness would be a total misuse of his working hours.译：最近，有个学生告诉我们说，分出一部分时间去提高身体健康的水平，纯粹是挤占了他的学习时间。1.to set aside 1.留出，拨出；2.忽视，不顾；同义词：ignore He set aside half an hour to let us ask questions. 他留出了半小时的时间让我们问一些问题。 On this problem， we should set aside our personal feelings. 在这个问题上，我们应该抛开个人情绪。He assured us that he would be no better served by a fitness program than by learning to play bridge.译：他想让我相信，让他参加健身培训班和让他学打桥牌同样都是对他没有好处的。2.assure sb that/of 意思是让某人相信、向某人做出承诺。3.no better than 不比好（多少）；几乎等于。e.g.：His composition is no better than mine. 他的作文并不比我的好多少。no more than 不比多；仅仅；同一样（都不多）no less than 不比少；不亚于；同一样（都不少）no longer than 不再e.g.：（1）I could no more work out the difficult problem than you. 我和你一样解决不了那道难题。（2）She is no less active than she used to be. 她和过去一样活跃。（3）China today is no longer than China of the past. 今天的中国不再是从前的中国了。College and his preparation for a career were his only priorities. 他把上大学和准备干一番事业摆在了比一切都重要的位置。4.prepare for 为了做准备preparation for 为了做准备：使用其的时候：第一、其后面通常用复数形式；第二、当 preparation 前面需要用动词的时候，这个动词一般用 makee.g. He thinks that receiving education is the very important preparations for the future life.他认为受教育是为未来的生活所做的非常重要的准备。 This student has seen being physically fit as an end rather than the means we know it to be. His opinion is one of the many feelings， pro or con， that people hold about their personal involvement in a physical fitness program.译：这个学生把拥有健康的身体看作是最终目标，而不像我们那样把身体健康当作工作学习的一种手段或工具。许多参加健身培训班的人都有着各种不同的感受，有的说好有的说坏，这位学生的意见是各种感受之一。5.see as 相当于 regard as：把看成。6.pro or con 1.正面或反面的理由；2.赞成或反对For example：On the subject of emotion， many writers have written many books pro or con. 关于感情这个主题，许多作家已写了许多或赞成或反对的书。7.involvement in 介入，参与For example：The involvement in politics is usually regarded as a good way of promotion. 参与政治通常被认为是一种提拔/升的好方法。Many people， including college students of all ages， spend little time in pursuit of physical fitness.很多人，包括各种年龄的大学生，几乎不花时间去追求身体健康。including 是介词8.短语：in pursuit of 追求，寻求；同义词 be after/seekFor example：I will be in pursuit of my happiness with all my efforts. 我将尽全力追求我的幸福。 Certainly some of these individuals may have physical limitations that make activity extremely difficult， and others are engaged in time-consuming activities that until finished do not permit opportunities for recreation.译：当然，这些人中有些因为受到生理上的限制以致参加活动极为困难，还有些人从事着耗费时间的事务活动，以致只能等到忙完了这些事务才有可能去参加消遣活动锻炼锻炼。9.be engaged in/engage in 忙于；从事；参加engaged（a.）从事的For example 1：He has been engaged in teaching for many years. 他已经执教数年了。For example 2：At college he often engaged in sports. 在大学时，他经常参加一些运动。However， what about the majority who could do much more but do so little？ Does one of the following statements sound like you？译：但是，大多数人，本来可以多参加些锻炼活动，可是实际上却参加得很少。这些人又怎么样呢？下面这些论调中有哪一种听起来像是你说的呢？“I know its important， but I just dont have time right now.”译：“我倒是知道身体健康很重要，不过我现在就是没有时间。”“Im already fit， and with my schedule， Ill have no difficulty staying that way.”译：“我的身体已经很健康了，虽然我的时间表安排得很紧，但我要保持现在的健康还是没问题的。”10.have（no）difficulties（in）doing sth. 做某事有（无）困难For example：I have some difficulties（in）passing five courses one time. 一次通过五门功课对于我来说是有些困难的。“I should do more than I do， but I just dont have facilities and I dont get much support from others.”译：“我本来应该比我现在参加锻炼的次数更多一些，可是我没有那些健身设备，也没有别人对我多加支持。”“Exercise makes me feel terrible. Even when I shower， I get to my next class wet， and probably smelling like a locker room.”译：“锻炼使我觉得很不愉快。甚至淋浴以后赶到下一堂的课室中身上还是湿淋淋的，也许会让人闻到我身上的汗腥味好像是在更衣室里一样臭。” Unlike these people who have made no commitment to fitness， you may have made a commitment to a physical fitness program that might be rather narrow in scope. If one of the following comments fits you， perhaps you are failing to see the broader values of maintaining a high level of physical fitness.译：跟这些没有参加健身活动的人不同，你可能已经参加了健身培训班，但是这个培训班的培训范围可能相当狭窄。如果下列这些说法中有一种正适合你的情况，那也许你还不懂参加高水平的健身活动会对你有更大的价值。11.短语：make commitment to 承诺/献身于/投入；commitment on：对于、关于 He made a commitment to his parents living with them after retirement.他对父母做出了一个承诺，退休后同他们一起生活。 If you make no commitment to your work， you will get nothing.如果你没有投入到工作中，你将会一无所获。“Everyone in the dorm runs at night. Thats why I run.”译：“我们宿舍里大家晚上都在跑步。所以我也跑步。” “For every 3，500 calories I can burn during exercise， Ill lose a pound of fat. I have only 10 pounds more to drop before Christmas.”译：“在锻炼期间，我每烧掉3500卡路里，我就减少了一磅脂肪。在圣诞节前我还要再减掉10磅重的脂肪。”drop：lose 去掉“This weekend will be cool and nice. Saturday looks like a good day for a personal record.”译：“这个周末天气将会又凉快又舒适。星期六看起来像是个创造个人记录的好日子。”“Some would say I have a fear of death. Heck， I just want to live a long time.”“有人会说我怕死。见鬼去吧。我只是想长寿。” If you see your own attitude represented by one of these comments， might you be shortsighted in your reason for valuing fitness？ We would suggest that you reexamine your approach to fitness and its ability to positively influence other aspects of your life.译：如果你觉得上面的说法之一正是代表了你自己的态度，也许你参加健身运动的理由会有点儿目光短浅吧？我们建议您重新检查一下您对待健康的态度、重新检查一下身体健康对您生活的其它一些方面能有哪些好的影响。13.短语1：reason for 的原因（理由等） Her reason for leaving home is poor grade. 她离家的原因是她糟糕的成绩。 That heavy rain is the reason for the flood. 这场水灾是那场大雨引起的。14.短语2：approach to 对于的态度（方法等）；同义表达：attitude to/towardFor example：His approach to this problem is very clear. 他对这个问题的态度是非常明确的。 Ask yourself， “What could I achieve if I were really in top physical condition？” Because fitness levels are easily observed and can be measured， you can quickly start to see the emerging person you are capable of becoming. Almost daily you can see progress and accomplishment.扪心自问：“倘若我的身体真的达到了最棒的状态，那么我能取得什么成就呢”？因为身体健康的水平是很容易观察到的、也能测出来，那么你很快就能看出来，你能够成为一个脱颖而出的人。几乎每天你都能看到你的进步和成就。emerging 脱颖而出的 Keep in mind， however， that all people are different and some may progress faster than others. In the final analysis， we think that although fitness will not guarantee that you will live longer， it can help you enjoy the years you do live.但要记住，所有的人都是不同的，有些人可能比另外一些人进行得快一些。归根结底，虽然健康的体魄不会保证你一定会延长寿命，但是健康的体魄有助于你享受有生之年的欢乐。15.keep/bearin mind 记住For example：You must keep/bear what your father said in mind. 你必须记住你父亲的话。Progress 在这里是动词，表示“取得进步”16.in the final/last analysis 用在段落或文章最后，用来总结，表示“归根结底”For example： In the final analysis， business is business. 归根结底，公事公办。三、Vocabulary Exercises 。For each sentence， fill in the blank with the proper form of the words given at the beginning. Please pay attention to the part of speech of each word.1. misuse（v./n.）滥用、误用、虐待；use（n./v.）使用、运用；useful（a.）有用的；useless（a.）无用的；a. We should not misuse our natural resources.b. This expression has been actually used in modern Chinese literature.c. A TV station is absolutely useless without electricity.d. The book is particularly useful for foreign students.2. involve（v.）牵扯，涉及，影响involvement（n.）牵扯、涉及involved（a.）牵扯到的；不易懂的 complicateda. All the workers are/were involved in the strike.b. His involvement in the dispute led to many troubles.c. None of the students can analyze that involved sentence.d. The task involved much difficulty.3. commit（v.）使承担、使保证；commitment（n.）承担的义务、责任、承诺a. We can meet our present commitment in less time and with fewer men.b. He committed himself to the cause of revolution.c. We have made a commitment to pay our bill on time.4. accomplish（v.）完成；accomplished（a.）完成了的；有才艺的；accomplishment（n.）成就a. The young lady is a brilliantly accomplished singer.b. We tried to settle the dispute but accomplished nothing.c. It was a real accomplishment to carry out the railway project in a month.。Fill in the following blank with the words listed below in their proper forms.Fitnessassurepursuitscheduletime-consumingCommentshortsightedaspect emergescope1. What the editorial said on this subject was beyond the scope of my understanding.2. To kill the hen to get the eggs is shortsighted.3. The police car raced through the streets in pursuit of another car.4. The doctor assured us of the safety of the operation.5. Many facts emerged as a result of the investigation.6. To calculate the cost of building a new laboratory is time-consuming.7. Fitness programs are becoming more and more popular in China.8. HHave you any comments to make on my book A Complete Collection of Chinese Proverbs？9. The strike will begin on schedule.10. The experts studied every aspect of the subject.Text BPeople and Colors一、New Words1.前缀单词1）refreshing（a.）使精力恢复的，使人清爽的2）react（vi.）1.反应，起作用；2.起反作用（against）2.后缀单词1）society（n.）社会；social（a.）社会的；sociable（a.）1.好交际的；2.友善的2）energetic（a.）有力的，精力旺盛的；energy（n.）精力，精神3）cheerful（a.）快乐的，高兴的4）happiness（n.）1.幸福；2.愉快5）unhappiness（n.）1.不幸福，不快乐；2.不幸，不祥6）darkness（n.）1.黑暗；2.晦暗7）loneliness（n.）孤独，寂寞lonely（a.）孤独的，寂寞的；alone（a.）独自一人的For example：Although I am alone， I am not lonely. 虽然我独身一人，但是我从不寂寞。8）manufacture（vt.）制造，加工（n.）1.制造，制造业；2.产品manufacturer（n.）制造商，厂商9）dignified（a.）可敬的，高贵的10）generalize（vt.）1.归纳，概括出，从引出一般结论；2.推广3.合成词1）businessman（n.）商人4.含有颜色的单词1）violet（n.）1.紫罗兰；2.紫罗兰色；（a.）紫罗兰色的2）purple（n.）紫色，紫红色；（a.）紫色的3）pink（a.）粉红色的，桃红色的；（n.）粉红色，桃红色5.表示节假日的单词1）Valentines Day（= Saint Valentines Day）（n.）情人节（2月14日）2）Halloween（n.）（西方风俗）万圣节前夕（指10月31日，这一夜儿童可纵情玩闹）3）Thanksgiving Day（n.）感恩节（美国和加拿大的例假日，在美国是11月的第四个星期四，在加拿大是10月的第二个星期一）4）Easter Sunday（= Easter Day， Easter）（n.）复活节（在3月20日或该日后月圆以后第一个星期日）6.表示军队navy（n.）海军；army 陆军；air force 空军7.需要注意的单词1）caution（n.）1.小心，谨慎；2.告诫，警告；（vt.）告诫，警告同义词：warn （v.）；warning（n.）warn sb not to do sth 警告某人不要做某事caution sb not to do sth 警告某人不要做某事For example：The teacher cautioned the student not to cheat on exams. 老师警告那个学生以后考试不要作弊。2）manufacture（vt.）制造，加工；（n.）1.制造，制造业；2.产品同义词：make；produce3）generalize（vt.）1.归纳，概括出，从引出一般结论；2.推广For example：After reading， you should generalize the main idea of this article. 读过之后，你应当概括一下这篇文章的大意。8.Phrases Expressionsto remind of 使 想起 For example：The song reminds me of my childhood. 这首歌让我想起了我的童年。to react to1.对做出反应；2.因受影响而改变行动For example：He immediately reacted to the matter. 他很快就对那个问题做出了回应。二、Text BPeople and Colors（不同的人与不同的颜色） One person chooses a bright red car， but another prefers a dark green. One family paints the living room a sunny yellow， but another family uses pure white. One child wants a bright orange ball， but another wants a light blue one. Psychologists and businessmen think these differences are important.一个人选择鲜红色的小轿车，而另一个人则宁可要墨绿色的。一户人家把客厅粉刷成金黄色，而另一户人家则使用纯白色。一个孩子要鲜橙色的球，而另一个孩子则要浅蓝色的。心理学家和商人们认为这些差别是很重要的。prefer：（vt.）更喜欢 In general， people talk about two groups of colors： warm colors and cool colors. Researchers think that there are also two groups of people： people who prefer warm colors and people who prefer cool colors.总的来说，人们谈论的是两大类颜色：暖色和冷色。研究人员认为世人也有两大类：喜欢暖色的人和喜欢冷色的人。in general = generally（speaking）通常，大体上，一般来说 The warm colors are red， orange， and yellow. Where there are warm colors and a lot of light， people usually want to be active. People think that red， for example， is exciting. Sociable people， those who like to be with others， like red. The cool colors are green， blue， and violet. These colors， unlike warm colors， are relaxing. Where there are cool colors， people are usually quiet. People who like to spend time alone often prefer blue.红、橙、黄是暖色。凡有暖色并有充足光线的地方，人们通常想要积极活动。例如，人们 认为红色会使人心潮激动。喜欢社交的人，喜欢和他人在一起的人都喜欢红色。绿、蓝、紫都是冷色。冷色与暖色不同，它们会使人放松。在冷色环境里，人们通常 都很安静。凡是喜欢独自一人度过时光的人都喜欢蓝色。Red may be exciting， but one researcher says that time seems to pass more slowly in a room with warm colors than in a room with cool colors. He suggests that a warm color， such as red or orange， is a good color for a living room or restaurant. People who are relaxing or eating do not want time to pass quickly. Cool colors are better for offices or factories if the people who are working there want time to pass quickly.红色会令人激动兴奋，不过某研究人员表示，人在暖 色房间里似乎会觉得比在冷色房间里时间过得慢。这位研究人员认为，红、橙之类的暖色适用于客厅和饭店。凡是休闲或进餐的人都不希望时间过得很快。如果人们 在办公室或工厂上班，都希望时间过得很快，那么把环境弄成冷色就比较好。Researchers do not know why people think some colors are warm and other colors are cool. However， almost everyone agrees that red， orange， and yellow are warm and that green， blue， and violet are cool. Perhaps warm colors remind people of warm days and the cool colors remind them of cool days. Because in the north the sun is low during winter， the sunlight appears quite blue. Because the sun is higher during summer， the hot summer sunlight appears yellow.研究人员现在还都不知道，为什么人们认为有些颜色是暖的，而另外一些颜色是冷的。但是几乎人人都承认 红、橙、黄是暖色，而绿、蓝、紫是冷色。也许暖色能使人们想起温暖的日子，而冷色使人想起冷的日子。因为在北方冬季太阳低，使人觉得似乎阳光有点发蓝，而 在炎热的夏季太阳高一些，令人觉得阳光似乎是黄色的。短语：remind sb of sth 让某人想到了单词：appear：出现、显现或者显出、好像 People associate colors with different objects， feelings， and holidays. Red， for example， is the color of fire， heat， blood， and life.人们把不同的颜色和不同的事物、不同的感觉、不同的节日联系在一起。例如，红色是火、热、鲜血和生命的颜色。短语：associate with 把和联系起来 People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate red with a strong feeling like anger. Red is used for signs of danger， such as STOP signs and fire engines. The holiday which is associated with red is Valentines Day. On February 14， Americans send red hearts to people they love.人们说红色是令人激动和积极的颜色。人们把红色同愤怒这种强烈的感情联系在一起，红色被用作危险的信号，例如，停止的标志、救火车的标志。跟红色联系在一起的节日是情人节。在每年2月14日，美国人都给他们所爱的人纷纷寄送红心。 Orange is the bright， warm color of leaves in autumn. People say orange is a lively， energetic color. They associate orange with happiness. The holidays which are associated with orange are Halloween in October and Thanksgiving Day in November. On October 31 many Americans put large orange pumpkins in their windows for Halloween.橙色是秋天叶子的鲜暖色。人们说橙色是充满生机的积极向上的颜色。人们把橙色和幸福快乐联系在一起。与橙色有联系的两个节日是10月份的万圣节和11月份的感恩节。在10月31日很多美国人把橙色的南瓜灯摆在窗户上来欢度万圣节。 Yellow is the color of sunlight. People say it is a cheerful and lively color. They associate yellow， too， with happiness. Because it is bright， it is used for signs of caution.黄色是阳光的颜色。人们说黄色是一种欢快的充满生机的颜色。人们也把黄色和幸福快乐联系在一起。因为黄色鲜艳，黄色也被用作警告的标志。 Green is the cool color of grass in spring. People say it is a refreshing and relaxing color. Machines in factories are usually painted light green.绿色是冷色，是春季草坪的颜色。人们说，绿色使人觉得大地回春万象更新，是一种使人心旷神怡的颜色。工厂的机器大多被漆成嫩绿色。 Blue is the color of the sky， water， and ice. Police and Navy uniforms are blue. When people are sad， they say “I feel blue.” They associate blue with feelings like unhappiness and fear.蓝色是天空、水和冰的颜色。警察和海军的制服都是蓝色的。当人们感到悲伤时，会说“I feel blue”（我觉得很沮丧）。人们把不愉快和恐惧之类的感觉同蓝色联系在一起。 Violet， or purple， is the deep， soft color of darkness or shadows. People consider violet a dignified color. They associate it with loneliness. On Easter Sunday people decorate baskets with purple ribbons.紫罗兰色，或者说紫色，是阴暗、深沉、轻柔的颜色。人们认为紫罗兰色是一种高贵庄严的颜色。人们把它与孤独联系在一起。复活节时，人们用紫色的丝带装饰篮子。 White is the color of snow. People describe white as a pure， clean color. They associate white with a bright clean feeling. Doctors and nurses normally wear white uniforms. On the other hand， black is the color of night. People wear black clothes at serious or formal ceremonies.白色是雪的颜色。人们把白色描绘成纯洁干净的颜色。人们把白色同明快纯洁的感觉联系在一起。医生和护士通常都穿白色的制服。与此相反，黑色是黑夜的颜色。人们在庄严而正式的仪式上都穿