（临门一脚）高考英语热点专题复习 第四部分 写作专题十五 考前押题强化 (2).doc

专题十五：考前押题强化一、考点精要【书面表达】书面表达考查学生综合运用英语的能力。从近几年高考试题来看, 选材更贴近考生实际生活, 所写内容皆为考生熟悉的内容, 考生有话可说, 利于考生表达。命题形式多样, 近几年高考书面表达是指导 (限制) 性的写作为主, 即提供中文或英文提示的控制性作文。它不是简单的翻译, 必须做到行文切题, 不漏要点, 符合语法表达, 并且意思连贯通顺, 语言准确得当。书面表达考查的文体类型丰富, 可归纳为如下几种：记叙文型、议论文型、说明文型、应用文型、开放式书面表达。从题型来看有： 图表类 图画类 提纲类 应用文类 开放式书面表达【巧点妙拨】一、书面表达题的考查要点：准确运用语法、词汇、拼写、标点。使用某些句型、短语、清楚地表达自己的意思，写出流畅易懂的短文。二、评分原则：从四个角度, 分5-6个档次给分, 评分主要从以下几个方面考虑：1) 内容要点 (content points) 。2) 运用词汇和语法结构的数量。3) 词汇的准确运用与句子的结构把握 (accuracy of vocabulary and structures) 。4) 上下文的连贯性(coherence)。【巧点妙拨】1. 合理使用复杂的句型, 这样可以给人语言地道、深刻的感觉。如： whowillbeondutytoday. (一般) whoseturnisittobeondutytoday? (高级) shecantcorrectlypronouncetheword. (一般) shehastroubleinpronouncingtheword. (高级) 2. 适度使用高级词汇。这是反映你知识贮存量的多寡, 也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。如： asaresulttheplanwasafailure. (一般) theplanturnedouttobeafailure. (高级) shewentto australiainordertostudymusic. (一般) shewenttoaustraliaforthepurposeofstudyingmusic. (高级) whensheheardhehaddied, shewentpalewithsorrow. (一般) atthenewsofhisdeath, shewentpalewithsorrow. (高级) 3. 使用过渡性词语。这样使文章更加连贯、更具有逻辑性。(1) 表示递进增加的过渡词：also, and, andthen, too, inaddition, furthermore, moreover, first/second/third等。(2) 表示时间顺序的过渡词：now, then, before, after, afterwards, earlier, later, immediately, inafewdays, soon, next, gradually, suddenly, finally等。(3) 表示空间顺序的过渡词：near (to), far (from), infrontof, behind, beside, beyond, totheright/left, above, below等。(4) 表示比较的过渡词：inthesameway, justlike, justas等。(5) 表示对照的过渡词：but, still, yet, ontheotherhand, onthecontrary, inspiteof, however , eventhough等。(6) 表示结果和原因的过渡词：because, since, so, asaresult, therefore, then, thus, otherwise等。(7) 表示目的的过渡词：forthisreason, forthispurpose, sothat等。(8) 表示强调的过渡词：infact, indeed, surely, necessarily, certainly, withoutanydoubt, aboveall, mostimportant, truly等。(9) 表示解释说明的过渡词：forexample, inthiscase, infact, actually等。(10) 表示总结的过渡词：finally, atlast, inconclusion, asihaveshown, inotherwords, inbrief, inshort, ingeneral, onthewhole, ashasbeenstated等。4. 时态的适当运用。在表现事件、行为之间的时间先后关系时, 可以用一般时态为基点, 瞻前顾后, 采用相应的时态。5. 掌握各种文体的写作要求和特点。(1) 记叙文。记叙文一般是通过组图的形式来描述一件事情的经过。(2) 说明文。是用以解释说明观点, 或说明用途、用法等。(3) 议论文。是要求对某件事提出自己的观点和看法, 并能够说服读者。(4) 应用文。一般多为书信、日记、通知等。(5) 开放式作文。随着高考英语的改革, 英语作文的命题更具有开放性。二、典题对应text 1 提纲类（2011山东卷）假设你是李华, 你的美国朋友tom上个月来到北京学习。七月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比赛 (speech contest), 你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。请根据以下要点给tom写一封电子邮件：1. 询问tom的生活和学习情况； 2. 谈谈你的困难并请tom帮忙； 3. 告诉tom你打算赛后去看他。注意：1. 词数：120150； 2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。解析：作文题目是电子邮件, 突出了英语学习中语言运用和交际的目的。题目给出语言运用的情境, 还有写作的要点提示, 但注意了所给出的要点仅是文章应包括的内容, 而非具体的语言信息, 所以考生便不能做逐句的翻译。由此可看出山东省作文的命题趋势还是热点在应用文体裁, 内容更贴近中学生的日常生活和交际的需求, 因此学生写起来更会有素材, 形式上给出要点但又有相当的写作的自由度，给学生想象和创造的空间。【参考范文】dear tom,its a month since you studied in beijing. how is everything going with you? i am really happy to have such an unforgettable experience with you here.i am going to take part in an english speech contest for middle school students in july this summer. i think the chance is of great importance for me. to have a very good performance, i am making preparations for it. however, i still have some trouble in collecting useful materials.meanwhile, i find it hard to use english properly. i would appreciate it if you could offer me a hand. i also hope that the great effort i am making will pay off.you know, i have been missing you since you left, so i hope to see you in beijing after the english contest. i cant wait to see you again!yours sincerely, li hua text 2 图表类（2012江苏卷）生活中冲突时有发生。假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执,导致关系紧张。请你结合此事,并根据以下提示,用英语写一篇短文, 向学校英文报“happy teens”专栏投稿。简要描述事情的经过打篮球、碰撞、争执,等等分析发生冲突的原因1. 遇事不够冷静 2. 谈谈避免冲突的做法(请考生根据自己的经历或感想,提出至少两种做法)注意:1.对所有要点逐一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译。2.词数120 左右。开头已经写好,不计入总词数。3.作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。 conflicts with others are common in everyday life. 【思路点拨】(1)本题为半开放作文,要求学生介绍事情经过、冲突原因以及避免冲突的做法。在写作中,学生首先应该注意时态的变化。在叙述事情的经过以及冲突原因时应该使用过去时,在谈及避免冲突的做法时应该使用一般现在时。(2)学生还应注意段落清晰,行文流畅。根据要点提示,作文最好分为三段,第一段介绍事情经过,第二段分析冲突原因,第三段谈论避免冲突的做法,提出建议。(3)内容要点:碰撞(bump into) 争执(quarrel) 关系紧张(tense relationship) 过错(fault) 该受到责备(be to blame) 过分关注输赢(care too much about winning and losing) 避免冲突(avoid conflicts) 设身处地为他人着想(put ourselves in others place )【参考范文】conflicts with others are common in everyday life. during the basketball game yesterday afternoon, su hua and li jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball. then they started shouting and yelling, and it turned into a horrible quarrel.to be honest, it was sus fault but li was also to blamethey were not calm enough and both said some really mean things. they cared too much about winning and losing. as a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.to avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life. it is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society. instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place. dont be self-centered and try to be considerate. we must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.text 3 议论文（2011江西卷）假设你是星光中学的李华，将参加主题为“lets ride bicycles”的英语演讲比赛。请撰写一份演讲稿，主要内容包括：1目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题；2骑自行车的益处，如节能环保、有利健康等。参考词汇：低碳生活（low-carbon life）；节能（energy saving）注意：1词数：120词左右；2演讲稿开头和结尾已给出，请将其抄写在答题卡上且该部分不计入总词数。good morning, everyone,i am li hua from xingguang middle schoolthe topic of my speech is “lets ride bicycles”_thank you!【参考范文】good morning, everyone,i am li hua from xingguang middle school. the topic of my speech is “lets ride bicycles”. as is known to us, air pollutionand heavy urban traffic arebecomingincreasinglysevere mainly due tothe overuse of cars. therefore, its high time we chose another better means of transport, that is, cycling.there are many good reasons to ride bicycles. first of all, compared to cars, bicycles are much cheaper to buy and maintain, and you dont have all the added costs of fuel, and parking. whats more, bicycles are more environmentally friendly than cars, because they hardly make noises. cycling has become a new trend around the world, a good way of energy saving and low-carbon life. last but not least,cycling is an excellent way tokeep fit and live longer. by riding bicycles,you can cut down on your risk of heart attacks, high blood pressure and other illnesses. so i think, riding bicycles actually has greateffects on us. lets ride bicycles from today on!thank you!text 4 开放式 （2010江西卷）英语中“please. ” “thank you” “sorry”等礼貌用语具有增进友谊，改善关系、化解矛盾等神奇的力量，因而被称为“magic words”。请以“magic power of polite words”为题写一篇100词左右的英语作文。体裁不限（叙述文、 评论文、 说论文）【参考范文】 having good manners is seen by many people as a sign of cultural understanding and good taste. polite words are one of the examples. when meeting people, saying “hello” or “how are you” and so on means you are very polite, which will make it easy for you to communicate with others, which is the result of magic power of polite words. otherwise, other people will hate getting on with you. and your life will become difficult. only by saying polite words can you get on well with others. in a word, it is polite words that will make your life become convenient. 三、命题趋向分析近五年来的高考题不难看出, 对书面表达的考查越来越多的贴近学生实际, 更生活化,特别是山东卷近几年以书信、电子邮件等应用文为主, 今后这是一个趋势。四、直击高考（一）随着科技的发展，ipad已经成为学生的新宠。用ipad既可以听音乐、阅读电子书，又可以玩电子游戏。请你用英语给你校长写一封信，谈谈你对你校学生使用ipad的情况。信的内容包括以下几点：1. 使用ipad对学生学习产生的好处。2. 使用ipad对学生产生的负面影响。3. 提出自己的建议并简要说明理由。注意：词数100词左右。dear sir，my name is li hua.i am writing to show my concern about the effects of modern media on us students._yours，li hua (二)假定你是李华，你校国际部下面的一则广告引起了你的注意。请你给你的美国留学生朋友sara, andrew和jack写一封电子邮件，告知海报有关内容，热切邀请他们参加并期待和他们一起合唱一首英文歌曲。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。be a karaoke stareverybody needs a little bit of karaoke couragetime: 19: 00- 21:00, may 4, 2015place: school lecture hallparticipants: teachers and students who like english songsfor further information: tel 8934 6752student unon of xinhua middle schoolhi guys,_ yours, li hua（三）你校在高三年级学生中对如何填报高考志愿作了一次问卷调查，结果如下表所示，请根据图表中信息简要介绍这次调查结果。约35%的同学认为约45%的同学认为约20%的同学认为1应以个人兴趣为主。2兴趣是成功之母。3被迫学自己不感兴趣的专业是痛苦的。1应以社会需要为主。2将来容易找到工作。3兴趣是可以培养和改变的。1如何选择，是一难题。2听从父母和老师的意见。注意：1文章开头已经写好，不计入总字数； 2词数：100左右senior middle school graduates of our school have different opinions on how to choose their courses and universities._（四）据我校大部分教师反映，近些年来，随着网络的普及，越来越多的学生的书写能力明显退步了。为了改变这种局面，保护传统民族文化汉字，我校学生会提出以下倡议： 减少课外上网时间，多读书； 养成每天记日记的好习惯，练习书写； 少发电子邮件，尽量动手给亲朋好友写书信。请你根据以上内容，代表学生会写一封英文倡议书。注意：1. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。2. 词数：100左右。dear friends,_students union（五）人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍他们的观点,并表明自己的看法。赞成的理由反对的理由你的看法1广交朋友2可自由表达思想3利于外语学习1浪费时间2影响学习3可能上当受骗？注意：1文章必须包括表中的全部内容。2词数为100左右。3参考词汇： 网络朋友on-line friend(s)，上当受骗to be cheated（六）下面是光明中学的示意图，请你根据示意图和所给的附加信息，写一篇介绍光明中学校园的短文。dormitorydining halllibrarygymnasiumteaching building gate1) 校园到处种有树木和花草，校园环境优美安静;2) 校园占地24000平方米;3) 学校拥有近百年的历史，现有学生5000人，教职工300人左右。参考词汇：教职工 teaching staff, 平方米 square meter注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。guangming high school is in the west of the city._（七）作为一名高三学生，你或许经常跟你的父母就看电视问题闹矛盾。你的父母以学业繁重和影响视力等为由阻挠你看电视，而你又认为电视能满足你的兴趣爱好同时繁重的学业下也需要放松，最后你们之间相互妥协达成了一致意见。请你以该话题写一篇字数100左右的短文。注意：1. 就双方的理由可以进行适当的扩充，协议自己想象。 2. 开头已写好，不计入字数。i am a senior 3 student. i often quarrel with my parents over whether i can watch tv after school. _（八）你将参加国际中学生环境论坛，就雾霾天气（fog and haze weather）这一问题发表演讲。请你用英语写一篇100词的发言稿。要点包括：1. 描述雾霾对人们的身体和生活造成的不良影响；2. 建议民众和政府分别采取具体行动来维护空气的质量。注意：开头以为你写好，不计入总词数。ladies and gentlemen,i feel it a great honor to have a chance to give a speech here, talking about _（九）假如你是某涉外旅游公司的一名导游，在鲜花盛开（in full bloom）的季节，准备带一外国旅游团到某著名景点登山观光。进入景区前，为保证游客旅途愉快平安，请你按下面提示用英语向游客们说明相关注意事项。1.听从指令，不掉队。 2.山路狭窄，注意安全。3.严禁吸烟，以防林火。注意：1词数100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头语已为你写好。attention, please, everyone! welcome to this resort!_（十）假设你是济南希望中学学生刘洋，得知2014年香港大学要在大陆进行自主招生的消息后，有意向香港大学申请，参加自主招生考试。请用英语写一封自荐信，主要包括：1. 个人信息：男，18岁，高三学生2. 性格、爱好与特长3. 学习情况注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 信的开头已为你写好 (不计入总词数)；3. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。4. 参考词汇：自主招生 independent recruitment dear sir，my name is liu yang, from hope high school in jilin. _yours sincerely， liu yang（十一）假定你是李华，是一位高三学生。在一个英文网络论坛上你看到一个名叫grown-up 的中学生发贴(post)寻求帮助，请根据帖子的内容、写作要点和要求回贴，短文词数：100词左右。写作要点：1. 请grown-up 要理解母亲。每位母亲都是爱自己的子女的，不要做任何伤害母亲的事情。2. 给grown-up 提出解决问题的具体建议。多与母亲交流；做好自己力所能及的事情。 帮助父母做家务活。3. 可适当增加内容。grown-up post at 25-4-2010 1#newblehi, everyone,im 17 years old and i am going to university this autumn. but my mother continues to treat me as a seven-year-old.what should i do?【last topic】【next topic】 reply new hi, grown-up,as a student of your age, i understand your situation.（十二） 假如你是新华中学的高三学生李华，最近你校的英语内刊举办了“感恩父母”的征文比赛。请你结合自己的实际，写一篇短文，内容如下： 1. 多年来父母对你的关爱; 2. 最近一段时间你的表现； 3. 今后你的计划和打算。 注意：1. 词数：100词左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。（十三）假定你是李华，你在某英语论坛看到一个网名叫marc发的帖子， 请根据他的问题回帖。i need your help! as a student aged 17, im bored with my obesity which results from my loving junk food and hating sports. would you mind answering my questions?1. what do you think of being fat?2. what is your advice on losing weight?注意：1：词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。hi marc, yours， li hua （十四） 假如你是李华，参加了你校外籍教师david成立的英语学习俱乐部，下周的活动主题是交流自己的英语学习体会。请根据以下提示写一篇英文发言稿。1. 学习方法：多记有用短语或句子，多读英文报纸，观看英文节目；2. 学习收获：开阔视野，了解异国文化，与外国人交流；3. 学习困难：经常遗忘所学词汇。4. 注意：词数：100词左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。（十五）假如你是李华，假期中你外出旅游时发现有许多不文明现象，请你根据下列提示用英语给china today编辑部写一封信，呼吁人们提高素质，文明出行。内容包括：1. 你所看到的不文明现象：如到处吐痰；随意刻划留名；乱扔垃圾等2. 你的看法和建议参考词汇：不文明现象：immoral behaviors 刻划：scratch （十六）10月4日是世界动物日（world animal day），你校拟以“关爱动物”为主题举办英语演讲比赛。请你以“rescue homeless animals”为题写一篇演讲稿，内容要求如下：1. 因走失或被弃，越来越多的狗、猫流浪街头，忍受病饿。2. 建议学习怎样保护动物，做动物救助中心志愿者；尽可能收养照顾流浪动物。3. 教育公众善待动物，尊重生命。注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 演讲稿开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。hello,everybody!_thank you! （十七）假如你叫陈宇，你的英国笔友mike在上次来信中谈到了低碳生活这个话题。最近几个月你校倡导学生过低碳生活、过节约生活、做有责任感的公民，引导学生从出行、购物、用水、家电和餐具使用方面反省自己的生活方式。请你用英文给mike回信。回信要点如下：1你对低碳生活的理解2你校开展的活动3你最近生活方式的改变（至少选取三个方面）注意：1词数为100词左右；2参考词汇 低碳生活 low-carbon life (style)3信的开头和结尾已为你写好（不计入你所写词数）dear mike,how are things going? in your last letter you talked about low carbon life. now id like to share my understanding of it and my experience in the past few months._im really glad to communicate with you about this topic. yours chen yu（十八）假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你周末滑冰时不慎将胳膊摔折，因而未能参加英语考试。请根据以下要点给你的外籍教师mrs. clemens写一封电子邮件：1. 表达歉意并解释缺考原因；2. 询问补考时间及课外作业(如阅读书目、作业要求等)。注意：1. 词数：100词左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。dear mrs. clemens，_yours，li hua （十九）每位同学都希望自己具有良好的人际关系，成为班级中受欢迎的人。请你根据下表所提供的信息，写一篇题为“being a popular student”的英语短文，参加学校网站英语论坛的讨论。受人喜爱的个性品质对待集体热心班级活动，具有团队精神，工作负责。对待他人尊重、关心他人，富有同情心，对待自己（请考生自己拟定内容，列举至少两点）注意：1短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥； 2短文标题与开头已为你写好，不计入总词数； 3词数：120左右。being a popular studentwe all hope to be popular with our classmates and teachers. _（二十）某天，你班贴出了一份通知，请根据通知内容要点和要求写一篇英语发言稿。 1. 你对“周五读报活动”的看法。2. 陈述理由（可举例说明）3. 你的具体建议要求： 短文词数100字左右。 notice our monitor suggests that we have “friday news hour”. but some classmates do not agree. we will have a class meeting in english tomorrow afternoon to discuss the suggestion. please prepare your talk and take an active part. may 6th, 2015 专题十五 参考范文（一）dear sir，my name is li hua. i am writing to show my concern about the effects of modern media on us students. nowadays，ipads are very popular in our school. many students hold the view that possessing an ipad is a fashion. there is no doubt that with it we can listen to music，download learning materials，and so on. in other words，its helpful to our studies，especially our english learning.however，each coin has two sides. some students bring their ipads to the classroom and listen to music，which ruins our learning atmosphere. whats worse，some even waste their precious time playing games.in my opinion，school is a place where we should focus our attention on lessons，so ipads should be banned in classroom. i hope you will take my suggestions into consideration.i am looking forward to your early reply.yours,li hua（二）hi guys,good news for you! a karaoke party will be held in our school lecture hall on may 4, 2015. the party organized by student union of xinhua middle school will start at 7:00 pm and last for about two hours. teachers and students who like english songs are all welcome to attend the party.im willing to invite you to the party and expecting to sing an english song together with you. i hope you will accept my invitation if it is convenient to you. lets enjoy ourselves. please call 89346752 for further information. looking forward to your early reply. yours, li hua（三）senior middle school graduates students of our school have different opinions on how to choose their courses and universities.about 35% of the students believe the choice should be based on their own interests. they say interest is the mother of success.