（临门一脚）高考英语热点专题复习 第二部分 知识运用专题六 易混词语辨析 (2).doc

专题六：易混词语辨析一、考点精要完形填空中的词汇考查重点： 形近词词义辨析 近义词词义辨析 固定搭配和习惯用法【授之以渔】考点1. 形近词词义辨析【巧点妙拨】近几年高考中, 形近词的高频考点有：拼写字母形近词；字母次序形近词。考生平常需要加强积累, 合理归纳, 适时总结。例1.the man who is deserted in the desert is eager to get some _ to eat because he knows that the dairy products can save him in that case, especially at night.a.desert b. dessert c. deserter d. deserts答案：b句意：被遗弃在沙漠里的那个人很想吃些甜食, 因为他知道奶制品之类的东西在这种情况下能救他, 尤其是到了晚上。解析：考查拼写字母形近词词义辨析。desert沙漠; dessert 甜食; deserter 逃兵; deserts为名词 desert的复数形式。例2. “i only just came _,” she replied. “i havent unpacked my bag yet.”a. abroad b. broad c. aboard d. board答案：c 句意：“我刚上船,”她说, “包还没放好呢。”解析：考查拼写字母形近词词义辨析。根据语境可知, “上船”应为 aboard；abroad作副词, 意为“在国外”；broad作形容词, 意为 “广阔的”；board 意为“木板, 委员会, 董事会”。考点2. 近义词词义辨析【巧点妙拨】近年来，近义词词义辨析题在完形填空中的设空数基本保持稳定。根据2014年高考英语科试题和新课标的主旨精神, 预计2015年高考英语科试题会继续加大对近义名词, 动词, 形容词和副词的考查力度。例：i cant recall any of the songs that the band played. i just remember that i really enjoyed the show and didnt want it to 49 . but in the end, after three encores (加演), the show finished. (2011山东卷)49. a. continue b. delay c. finish d. change答案：c 解析：考查近义词词义辨析。由设空处后面的一句可知应填finish。continue 继续；delay 推迟； finish 完成； change 改变。考点3. 固定搭配和习惯用法【巧点妙拨】the team did well but they never won a game that season 27 the night when it snowed and the opposing team never showed up. at the end of the season, the boys played in the church leagues tournament. at the last-place team, they drew the unfortunate spot of playing against the best team. (2011山东卷)27. a. as for b. except for c. thanks to d. instead of答案：b解析：考查介词构成的固定搭配的词义辨析。as for关于; except for除之外；thanks to由于；instead of 代替。由空格前面的they never won a game及空格后面的the night when it snowed and the opposing team never showed up可知这是一次例外, 故四个选项中b 项符合语境。考点4. 语境化选词【巧点妙拨】but the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even hear the invitation. she was just beginning to understand the world. and she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the truth. (2011新课标全国卷)50. a. believed b. doubted c. proved d. explained答案：a句意：一个17岁的小女孩不可能接受这样的问题, 甚至也没有听到那位教授的邀请。解析：考查语境化选词。在她这个年龄短的人只是刚刚开始认识世界, 感知世界。她相信自己的第一手经验就是真理。二、典题对应【名师坐堂】典题1. arise, rise, raise1) i cant hear you; please _ your voice.2) he_ and left the room.3) after this rain the river will _.4) a new problem has _.【命题意图】答案：1) raise 2) rose/arose 3) rise 4) arisen解析：arise多指“(问题/困难等)产生、出现”, 为不及物动词。rise作“上升, 升起”讲, 为不及物动词, 可指“起身、起立、起床、上涨”等。raise为及物动词, 可指“举手(重物等), 提高声音(地位、生活水平等)”。典题2. hire, employ, rent, appoint1) he _ a man to plant flowers.2) they _ a hall for an evening.3) he _ a room to a student.4) they _ edward (to be) manager.【命题意图】答案：1) hired / employed 2) hired / rent 3) rent 4) appointed解析：hire意指按时间或工作量“雇用人或租用物”, 指“雇用人”时意同employ, 若指“暂时租用物”意同rent；rent多指长期“租用土地、房屋”等, 也可指“向外出租”；employ多指商店、公司等部门“长期雇用人”；appoint意为“聘用、任命”。典题3. bring up, bring down, bring back, bring in, bring about, bring out1) what _the change in his attitude?2) he was _ by his grandparents in the countryside.3) the photographs _ many pleasant memories.4) can you try to get them _ the price?5) his orchards_2, 000 a year.6) he has_ two new books this year.【命题意图】答案：1.brought about 2.brought up 3.brought back 4.bring down 5.bring in 6.brought out 解析：bring up抚养、提出、呕吐；bring down降低、使倒下；bring back带回、使回忆起；bring in引进、赚取；bring about引起、导致；bring out说明、引出、出版。直击高考1. the enemy soldiers were beaten. they had no_ but to give in.a. possibility b. way c. selection d. choice2. lying in bed, he was _ awake with his eyes fixed on the ceiling.a. wide b. open c. deep d. clearly3. from the same fact we drew different _.a. ideas b. theories c. results d. conclusions4. do you know how many basic _ of blood there are in all?a. kinds b. sorts c. types d. forms5. he was so tired that as soon as he lay down he fell _asleep.a. fast b. very c. much d. deep6. the _ of oil under the land made the people richer.a. founding b. inventionc. discovery d. existence7. i had hoped that henry would answer my question, but he remained _.a. quiet b. still c. ready d. silent8. father often turns to the doctor for _ about his heart trouble.a. help b. advice c. money d. support9. he has such a poorly-paid job that twenty dollars a week was the _ of his income.a. all b. whole c. totals d. entire10. it makes no_ whether you go today or tomorrow.a. means b. suggestionc. differenced. idea三、命题趋向分析近五年来的高考题不难看出, 完形填空这一题型重点考查考生对语境意义的理解以及常用的一些固定搭配。考查实词 (包括名词、动词、形容词等) 较多, 因此, 突破这一题型的方法重在精讲精练, 让考生积累一些固定搭配以及一些常用的实词的用法。完形填空题不仅侧重于考查学生的逻辑思维能力和对具体语境的把握能力, 更是对学生整体语篇意义理解的连贯性和运用语言的准确性考查。它属于有一定难度的障碍性阅读理解题, 是学生感到最难把握的题型之一。 近几年的完形填空题以单纯考查语法和词义为目的的题在设题中很少出现, 词语辨析题的比例有所增加。选项中的三个干扰项不一定是错误的, 而是不符合所在语篇的特定语言环境。这更加突出了语境化和整体性。学生只有通过文章所给出的语境, 善于运用逻辑推理能力, 才能准确做出判断。它所考查的是学生灵活运用所学词汇的能力。学生在复习词汇时要注重同义词、近义词的归纳。 【授之以渔】1. 研读首句, 通读全文, 把握主旨。学生做题时需要整体把握。所以应先通读全文, 掌握文章大意, 从整体上把握文章脉络、结构, 理解作者的态度、观点和表达习惯, 为下一步做题打好基础。2. 注重语境, 上下结合, 试选答案。在掌握文章大意的基础上复读全文, 边读边选。从上下文语境、语意、语法、词义等多种角度进行筛选分析, 试选出答案。 3. 检查全文, 统筹兼顾, 确保最佳。填空全部完成后, 学生还要进行回查, 仔细推敲, 校正全文, 使短文恢复原貌。检查文章语意是否前后一致, 上下顺通连贯, 内容完整, 所选答案是否符合语法、句法结构。要做到整体把握, 局部服从整体, 对有疑问的地方, 应结合文章的主题, 从意义、语法或其他方面从新考虑, 及时对答案做出调整。热点专题六1. 答案：d。解析：have no choice but to do 除了别无