（全国通用）高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 专题一 第4课时 顺藤摸瓜明辨词义猜测类题目练习.doc

专题一 第4课时 顺藤摸瓜-明辨词义猜测类题目题组一体验真题passage 1体裁：说明文话题：项目介绍词数：300时间：6(2015新课标全国卷，c)salvador dali (19041989) was one of the most popular of modern artists.the pompidou centre in paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces，most importantly the persistence of memory.there is also lenigme sans fin from 1938，works on paper，objects，and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities.the visitor will enter the world of dali through an egg and is met with the beginning，the world of birth.the exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.the exhibition shows how dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限).“from the infinity small to the infinity large，contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus：amazing flemish accuracy and the showy baroque of old painting that he used in his museumtheatre in figueras，” explains the pompidou centre.the fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the museo nacional reina sofia in madrid，spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the salvador dali museum in st.petersburg，florida.【语篇解读】这篇短文主要介绍了现代著名艺术家dali的作品风格及the world of dali中的展品情况。1.which of the following best describes dali according to paragraph 1?a.optimistic. b.productive. c.generous. d.traditional.答案b推理判断题。短文首段介绍了艺术家dali的作品。由“.with an exhibition bring together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.”一句可知，dali的作品众多，是一个多产画家。故答案为b。2.what is dalis the persistence of memory considered to be?a.one of his masterworks.b.a successful screen adaptation.c.an artistic creation for the stage.d.one of the best tv programmes.答案a推理判断题。根据第一段“.the visitors will find the best pieces，most importantly the persistence of memory”可知，该作品在dali的最佳作品中是最重要的，由此可以推断它是dali的杰作之一。3.how are the exhibits arranged at the world of dali?a.by popularity. b.by importance.c.by size and shape. d.by time and subject.答案d事实细节题。根据第二段末句中的“.follows a path of time and subject.”可知，dali的作品是按时间和主题进行布展的。答案选d。4.what does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?a.artworks. b.projects. c.donations. d.documents.答案a词义猜测题。由最后一段可知，展出的作品主要来源于两个途径：一是与马德里的一家艺术馆密切合作；一是靠像salvador dali museum这样的机构的捐赠。联系全文大意及前一分句不难推测其它机构捐赠的是艺术作品。因此答案为a。passage 2体裁：记叙文话题：享受生活词数：330时间：7(2015四川卷，b)nothing could stop dad.after he was put on disability for a bad back，he bought a small farm in the country，just enough to grow food for the family.he planted vegetables，fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.and every week he cleaned old man mccolgins chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料).the smell really burned the inside of your nose.when we complained about the terrible smell，dad said the stronger the manure，the healthier the crops，and he was right.for example，just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell，and the taste was even sweeter.as the vegetables started coming in，dad threw himself into cooking.one day，armed with a basket of vegetables，he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages，eggplants，potatoes，corns，onions and carrots.for about half an hour，the pressure built and the vegetables cooked.finally，dad turned off the stove，the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam.if we thought dads pile of chicken manure was bad，this was 10 times worse.when dad took off the lid，the smell nearly knocked us out.dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house.just how bad was it? the neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!determined，dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.it didnt look that bad，and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell，it didnt offend the nose so much，either.i took a taste.it would never win a prize in a cooking competition，but it was surprisingly edible，and we drank up every last drop of soup.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了作者的父亲买了一个小农场，在里面种满了各种蔬菜、果树甚至还养了蜜蜂。但作者的父亲收获的时候，他炖了一锅蔬菜，闻到味道时，作者和其他人觉得烧得很糟糕，但是最后全部都吃光了。5.why did dad clean old man mccolgins chicken house regularly?a.to earn some money for the family.b.to collect manure for his crops.c.to get rid of the terrible smell.d.to set a good example to us.答案b细节理解题。 根据文章第一段的and every week he cleaned old man mccolgins chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料).可知是为了收集肥料。6.what can we infer about dads stew?a.it is popular among the neighbors.b.it contains honey and vegetables.c.it looks very wonderful.d.it tastes quite delicious.答案d推理判断题。根据最后一段的 we drank up every last drop of soup.可知选择d。意为父亲的炖菜非常美味。7.what does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?a.to attract. b.to upset.c.to air. d.to shut.答案b词义判断题。根据文章上文的 the first wave had shut down my ability to smell可知，此处指的是鼻子闻不到那种味道，意为搅乱。8.what can we learn about dad from the text?a.he is an experienced cook.b.he is a troublesome father.c.he has a positive attitude to life.d.he suffers a lot from his disability.答案c推理判断题。根据文中内容可知，父亲在背部受伤后，不愿意休息，而是自己经营着小农场，而且在收获后，还自己种菜。可知父亲对生活有着积极的态度。passage 3体裁：说明文话题：环境与自然词数：298时间：6(2014新课标全国卷，b)passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the united states in unbelievable numbers.written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.it was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the united states，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near cincinnati.sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain，waited until pigeons had settled to feed，then threw large nets over them，taking hundreds at a time.the birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.by the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by americans need for wood，which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north，where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again.in 1897，the state of michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.the last confirmed wild pigeon in the united states was shot by a boy in pike county，ohio，in 1900.for a time，a few birds survived under human care.the last of them，known affectionately as martha，died at the cincinnati zoological garden on september 1，1914.【语篇解读】本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。9.in the 18th and early 19th centuries，passenger pigeons _.a.were the biggest bird in the world b.lived mainly in the south of americac.did great harm to the natural environmentd.were the largest bird population in the us答案d事实细节题。根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选d。10.the underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons _.a.escape b.ruinc.liberation d.evolution答案b词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“where the birds were abundant.by the thousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义相似，故选b。11.what was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?a.to seek pleasure. b.to save other birds.c.to make money. d.to protect crops.答案c事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“commercial hunters attracted them.sold in restaurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。故选c。12.what can we infer about the law passed in michigan?a.it was ignored by the public.b.it was declared too late.c.it was unfair.d.it was strict.答案b推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“in 1897，the state of.for 10 years”可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选b。passage 4体裁：记叙文话题：社会生活词数：251时间：5(2014重庆卷，d)one moment it was quiet and calm in the forest，the next，the air was charged with tension.the elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed.i urged the elephant deeper into the forest.we sounded like a forest firecrackling，snapping，trailblazing.but through all the noise came a sharp warning cry.the elephant stopped and we heard it againthe telltale call of a spotted deer.i looked quickly around the shadows of the forest.rays of sunlight shone through tree branches，beneath which the patchwork (交错) of green plants and shadowswithinshadows would make tiger stripes (条纹) look more attractive.apart from an occasional noise from the elephants stomach，the forest was silent.gradually，the tension slipped from our bodies.the elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth.i reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephants neck；there was a soft part，free of wrinkles and hairs，behind her ear.this was my fourth time to_sense_the_aura of the forest in corbett，although i saw no tigers in the end.located at the foot of the himalayan mountains，corbett is home to about 135 bengal tigers，but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts(出没处)，a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity.still，i was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear.if i had so desperately wanted to see a tiger，i could have gone to a zoo.after all，spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty；tracking them can make you aware of something more.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在森林里追踪寻找孟加拉虎的经历。13.which of the following was a clear signal of alarm?a.the elephant stopped.b.a spotted deer called.c.the elephant seized a branch.d.the forest was silent for a while.答案b细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知我们听到的尖锐的警报声来自一只梅花鹿，故选b。14.the author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by _.a.describing various soundsb.comparing different animalsc.listing different activitiesd.introducing various plants答案a写作手法题。根据第一段可知，作者在森林里听到了各种各样的声音，因此作者是通过描述各种声音来展开叙述的，应选a。15.what does the underlined part“to sense the aura”most probably mean?a.to see the diversity.b.to enjoy the scenery.c.to feel the atmosphere.d.to experience the freedom.答案c词义猜测题。根据文章可知作者听到了各种声音，之后森林回归平静，逐渐地我们的紧张也消失不见了，大象也变得安静了。尽管我没有发现老虎，但是我依然感觉到了这种紧张后平静的氛围，故选c。16.how does the author feel after several visits to corbett?a.seeing a bengal tiger is quite thrilling.b.it is very timeconsuming to travel in corbett.c.it is really worthwhile to study the animals in corbett.d.the process of finding bengal tigers is most appealing.答案d推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话可知，我本可以在公园里看到老虎，但是追踪孟加拉虎使我感知更多的东西，所以这个过程是非常吸引人的，故选d。passage 5体裁：说明文话题：科普知识词数：237时间：6(2014四川卷，d)with around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am monday morning lecture，it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes；it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas(睡衣).obviously，students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.all human beings possess a body clock.along with other alerting(警报)systems，this governs the sleep/ wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour.typically，the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents，which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings.this typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the“night owl”schedule of sleep.this is opposed to the“early bird”schedule，and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight.such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings.research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night.research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as“night owls”and only 10 percent can be classified as“early birds”the other 70 percent are in the middle.although this is clearly not true for all students，for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。每个人都有属于自己的生物钟。研究发现：由于某些人的睡眠周期不能与日常事务很好地协调，从而造成睡眠紊乱。有相当一部分人成了半夜不睡觉早晨起不了床的“夜猫子”。17.what does the author stress in paragraph 1?a.many students are absent from class.b.students are very tired on monday mornings.c.students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.d.students are not well prepared for class on mondays.答案c细节理解题。本段最后一句话对以上所述进行总结，也是本段的大意。由此可知c项正确。18.which of the following is true according to paragraph 2?a.most students prefer to get up late in the morning.b.students dont sleep well because of alerting systems.c.ones body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.d.adolescents delayed sleep/wake cycle isnt the preferred pattern.答案d细节理解题。根据“typically，the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents.”一句可知答案为d。19. which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word“classified”？a.criticised. b.grouped.c.organised. d.named.答案b词义猜测题。画线单词所在句子的意思是“研究结果表明大约有20%的人可以划分到夜猫子这一类，10%的人可以划分到早起的鸟儿这一类”。因为将其归为“夜猫子”和“早起的鸟儿”，所以本词与classify“归类，分类”一词意思最为接近。20.what does the text mainly talk about?a.functions of the body clock.b.the“night owl”phenomenon.c.human beings sleep behaviour.d.the school schedule of“early birds”.答案b主旨大意题。短文开篇就描述了“夜猫子”现象，然后从生物学角度进行分析，接下来又与“早起的鸟儿”进行对比说明。因此答案为b。题组二尝试模拟passage 1体裁：议论文话题：儿童肥胖词数：287时间：6(2015陕西咸阳一模，b)with the development of society，the choice of food and drinks for children is more diversified than ever before.however，every coin has two sides.many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse，according to the statistics.i feel there are a number of reasons for this.some people blame the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy，fatty foods，such as fried chicken and ice cream，at low prices.this has turned out a whole generation of grownups who seldom cook a meal for themselves.if there were fewer of these restaurants then probably children would buy less takeaway food.there is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight.i agree to this，because good eating habits begin early in life，long before children start to visit fast food shops.if children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food，or are always allowed to choose what they eat，they will go for sweet and salty foods every time，and this will carry on throughout their lives.there is a third reason for this situation.children these days take very little exercise.they do not walk to school.when they get home，they sit in front of the television or their computers.not only is this an unhealthy pastime (消遣)，but it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.what they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.the above are the main reasons for this problem，and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active，as well as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.【语篇解读】本文为议论文。题材为儿童肥胖问题。本文作者阐述了造成儿童肥胖问题的原因并提出了解决问题的方法。1.what is suggested by the author to deal with “overweight”？a.blaming the shops selling unhealthy and fatty foods.b.asking young children to walk to school every day.c.living an active life and removing bad eating habits.d.not watching tv or playing computer games after school.答案c推理判断题。根据最后一段可知作者对于肥胖所给出的建议是：鼓励年轻人要更活跃，并指导他们改掉一些不好的饮食习惯，故答案为c项。2.which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?答案b推理判断题。第一段是中心段，提出了儿童肥胖问题；第二至四段分别给出了导致肥胖的原因；第五段总结并提出建议。3.the author writes the passage to _.a.show people a social problemb.provide facts for governmentc.advise solutions to a problemd.compare opinions with people答案c推理判断题。作者介绍了造成儿童肥胖的原因，然后又给出了解决儿童肥胖问题的方法，旨在给人们提出建议，故答案为c项。4.the underlined word “diversified” in the first paragraph most probably means _.a.various b.difficultc.expensive d.available答案a词义猜测题。根据常识可知：随着社会的发展，儿童食品、饮品种类越来越多样化，故答案为a项。passage 2体裁：记叙文话题：人物传记词数：306时间：6(2015山东青岛高三一模)historians usually just study great things that happened in the past time，but drew faust has made history! on february 11，2007，faust was named president of harvard university.she is the first woman to hold the position in the schools 371year history.“i am a historian，” she said.“ive spent a lot of time thinking about the past，and about how it shapes the future.no university in the country，perhaps the world，has as remarkable a past as harvard has.”“and our common enterprise is to make harvards future even more remarkable than its past.that will mean recognizing and building on what we already do well.it will also mean recognizing what we dont do as well as we should，and not being satisfied until we find ways to do better.”it is her great desire for improvement and willingness to try out new ideas that have given drew success in a world controlled by men.“this is a mans world，my girl，and the sooner you learn that，the better off youll be.” drew faust recalls her mother telling her this when she was young，but she didnt buy it.faust grew up in a welloff family in virginias shenandoah valley in the 1950s.even then，she was a trailblazer(先驱).a conversation with her familys black handyman (零工) and driver inspired her to write a letter，on school notebook paper，to pr