医学影像原理介绍.ppt

醫學影像原理介紹 History 1895 WilliamK RoentgendiscoveredX rays 1901 1930 intensifyingscreen tomography andtherotatinganodetube 1970 nuclearmedicine ultrasound CT 1980 PET MRI Microwave future multi modalityimagesystem PACS 放射醫學影像介紹 何謂醫學影像醫學影像種類傳統X光影像特殊攝影影像電腦斷層影像核磁共振斷層影像核子醫學造影影像其他影像 醫學影像資訊 結構性影像資訊CT MRI X ray Ultrasound功能性影像資訊Functional MRI NuclearMedicine融合影像資訊CT SPECT MRI SPECTCT PET MRI PETCT MRI Cameraprinciple MEDICALIMAGEEQUIPMENT EMWAVESPECTRUM ImageSignal TransmissionEmissionMagneticfieldUltrasoundOther Microwave laser Radiation Ionization 非粒子輻射X r rayNon ionization 又稱為粒子輻射Particle X raybasicprinciple X rayintroduction WhatisX ray InteractionsbetweenX rayandMatter 1 CoherentScattering 2 PhotoelectricEffect 3 ComptonScattering 4 Pairproduction 5 Photodisintegration Coherentscattering Photoelectriceffect ComptonScatter Parproduction X RAYDTETCTORS ToproduceanimagefromtheattenuatedX raybeam theX raysneedtobecapturedandconvertedtoimageinformation TwosystemfortheX RAYdetectors Screen FilmdetectorDetectorsforcomputerradiography Schematicrepresentationoftheradiographicimagechain X raytube X rayTube X raygenerator X raydetectors X rayFilmTheX rayFilmisaphotographicfilmconsistingofatransparentplasticsubstratemadeofacetateorpolyesterusuallycoatedonbothsideswithalight sensitiveemulsion OpticalDensityD Log10 Ii It D theopticaldensityIi incidentlightintensityIt transmittedlightintensity X rayFilm Double EmulsionFilmThefilmusedindailyradiologicalpracticeiscoatedonbothsidesofthefilmsubstrate Itpreventsbendingofthefilm becausethefilmwillbendifcoatedonlyonesidewhentheemulsionbecomesdryandshrink Itdoublesfilmcontrast 診斷型X光機 血管攝影X光機 移動型X光機與C型X光機 數位型X光機 數位化X光機 DigitalRadiographicSystem ClinicalApplication ClinicalApplication 傳統式X光的缺點 2Dprojectionof3DstructureLostdepthinformationOverlappingplaneCannotdiffersofttissueCannotquantitative X RaysComputerTomography BasicScanningprodureinCT BasicScanningprodureinCT CTgeneration Firstgeneration onex raytube onedetectorSecondarygeneration onex raytube manydetectorsThirdgeneration onex raytube archdetectorarrayFourthgeneration circulardetector onex raytube Thebasicinternalgeometryofathird generationspiralCTscanner Single SliceandMulti SliceCT Multi SliceCTdetectorarray DynamicSpatialreconstructionSystem DynamicSpatialreconstructionSystem ElectronbeamCT HalfarchtargetArchdetectorarray ElectronbeamCT 電腦斷層攝影機 電腦斷層掃描儀 1970年代中期電腦斷層掃瞄儀 CT 的出現 使得傳統醫療診斷影像產生革命性的演進 CTimage Brain BrainStudy variableslicethicknesses Thereare3imagesinthisseries HiSpeedNX iImages CTimage Chest LightSpeedSeries CTimage Chest HiSpeedX iSeriesThoraxstudy 0 7secscantime auto mAmode CTimage Spine LightSpeedSeriesImagesandCaseStudies Spine NRIintroduction Nuclearmagneticresonance NMR isachemicalanalyticaltechniquethathasbeenusedforover50years ImagetechniquecallMRI MRIintroduction Non ionizingradiationMinimallyinvasiveCapableofprovidingexcellentsoft tissuecontrastwithimaginginanyarbitraryplaneTherecentdevelopmentofflowimagingprovidesthepassivityofperformingNMRangiography MRIintroduction 1946F BlockandE PurcellSpectroscopictechniqueinchemistryandphysics1952BlockandPurcellawardedNobelPrize1973NMRappliedtoimagingtechnique1973 NRIinclinicalfield MRIbasicprinciple EMwaveC 3 108m secByMaxwell swavetheoryE electricfieldB magneticfieldEandBhassamefrequency EMwaveapplicationlist MRIprinciple MRIprinciple Spin MRIprinciple MRIbasicprinciple AnyspinningchargeparticlecreatesanEMfieldSpinquantummember s s 1H 1 2Thenumberofenergystatesofanucleususdeterminedbytheformula ofenergystat 2s 1 MRIbasicprinciple Larmorequation MRIBasicprinciple MRIBasicprinciple MRIimagehardware MRIcoil MRIimagehardware MRIImage Drawingoftheabdominal pelviscoil Sagittalpelvisimageobtainedusingtheabdominal pelviscoil Bilateralhipimageobtainedusingtheabdominal pelviscoil 0 5T磁振造影機 0 5TSIGNAContour磁共振儀 1 5T磁振攝影機 1 5TSIGNAMR i磁共振儀 3T磁振造影機 3 0TSIGNAMR高磁場磁共振儀 高磁場全身性掃瞄磁共振儀 其特殊的性能可滿足您臨床領域與專業研究的需求 尤其於神經方面的應用 RealTime功能性影像 DWI 頻譜分析 MRIimageprinciple MRIimageprinciple MRIimageprinciple MRIimagereconstruction MRIimagereconstruction MRIimage Angiography Axialhead 22cmFOV 45 6mmThk GE 20o TR TE 33 33 3ms 1Nex 256x224matrix MRIimage Neck Coronalheadwithpathology 22cmFOV 2 5mmThk GE 30o TR TE 11 2ms 1Nex 256x192matrix MRIimage spine Sagittallumbarspine 32cmFOV 3mmThk 256x256matrix 2Nex SEA TR TE 600 15B TR TE 4000 96C TR TE 2000 16 A B C WhatisNuclearmedicine Nuclearmedicine FunctionalimagestudyEmissiondetectionRadionuclideandPharmaceuticalShorthalflife lowradiation 核醫診斷常用之同位素 伽傌閃爍造影機 GammaCamera PMT 光電倍增管 Gammacameradetector Imageapplication ImagemathematicsBackgroundsubtractionNormalizationRegionofinterestinformationCurvegenerationManipulationSimplecalculationswithvalueobtainedfromtheseprocedingoperation Nuclearmedicineimage bone TL201Myocardialperfusionstudy 3DImagereconstruction AutoSPECT Brain AutoSPECT Heart Myocardialfunctionstudy PositronEmissionTomography Nuclearmedicine radiotracer isotopeGammaray gammacamera radionuclideimagesActivity countEmissioncomputedtomography ECT SPECTPETSinglephotonradionuclide Tc99m Tl201 I131 Ga67Positronemitter C 11 F 18 N 13 O 15PET measuringbiochemicalandphysiologicfunctionMRI hydrogen limitedinformationintheevaluationofmetabolicevents PETintroduction RequirementofPETstudies Positron emittinglabeledcompoundsPositroncameraTracerkineticmodels PET positronemissiontomography Electrone Positrone 180 0 25 511kev ray 511kev ray Annihilatione e 2 ray 511kev PET的基本原理 PET常用之核種與藥物 18FDGPETimage BronchialCarcinoma BreastCa FMISOPETimagingstudy LagercerebellarAVMontheleft A T1weightedMRI TheAVMischaracterizedbythesignalvoidbutflow inducedvariationsinsignals B FDG PETscanshowsglucosehypometabolisminboth