辽宁省鞍山市高考英语 书面表达、阅读理解训练题（1）.doc

辽宁鞍山市2014高考英语书面表达、阅读理解训练题（1） 附答案 (一)(2011全国卷)假定你是李华，你所喜爱的global mirror周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见。请你依据以下内容给主编写封信，内容主要包括：1说明你是该报的忠实读者2赞赏该报优点：1)兼顾国内外新闻2)介绍名人成功故事3提出建议：刊登指导英语学习的文章注意：1.词数100左右，开头语已为你写好；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。dear editorinchief，congratulations on the 5th anniversary of global mirror!_sincerely yours，li hua参考范文dear_editorinchief，congratulations on the 5th anniversary of global mirror!im a regular reader of your newspaper.i like it very much mainly for the following two reasons. first, it covers both national and international news so that, by simply turning the pages, i can learn all important things that have happened during the week. equally attractive are the success stories of worldfamous people, which help me understand how a person can work hard to make the world a better place.as a young student, i suggest that global mirror carry articles to guide us in our english learning, and i hope that it will become even more popular.sincerely_yours，li_hua*结束（南京市2011届高三第一次模拟考试） environmentalists said our planet was doomed to die. now one man says they are wrong. everyone knows the planet is in bad shape, thundered a magazine article last year. species（物种）are being driven to die out at record rates, and the rivers are so poisonous that fish are floating on the surface, dead. but theres a growing belief that what everyone takes for granted is wrong: things are actually getting better. a new book is about to overturn our most basic assumptions about the worlds environment. rivers, seas, rain and the atmosphere are all getting cleaner. the total amount of forests in the world is not declining. the skeptical environmentalist by bjorn lomborg, professor of statistics at the university of aarhus in denmark, is an attack on the misleading claims of environmental groups, and the bad news culture that makes people believe everything is getting worse. now the attacks are increasingly coining from left-wing environmentalists such as lomborg, a former member of greenpeace. the accusation is that, although the environment is improving, green groups with profits of hundreds of mil-lions of pounds a year are using scare tactics(谋略)to gain donations. lomborgs book doesnt deny global warming probably the biggest environmental threat but destroys almost every other environmental claim with many official statistics. the worldwatch institute claims that deforestation has been accelerating over the last 30 years. but lomborg says that is simply rubbish. since the dawn of agriculture the world has lost about 20 per cent of its forest cover, but in recent decades the forest areas depleting has come to a stop. according to un figures, the area of forests has remained almost steady, at about 30 per cent of total land area, since the 1940s. forests in countries such as the us, the uk and canada have actually been expanding over the past 40 years. despite all the warnings the amazon rainforest has only shrunk（缩小）by about 15 per cent. nor are all our species dying out. some campaigners claim that 50 per cent of all species will have died out within 50 years. but other studies show only 0.08 per cent of species are dying out each year. conservation efforts have been successful. whales are no longer threatened and the bald eagle is off the endangered list. environmental groups claim that many of the improvements are the results of the success of their campaigns. stephen tindale, director of greenpeace uk, said, there are important examples, such as acid rain and ozone, where things arent as bad as predicted, and thats because behavior has changed.(1)in his book, the skeptical environmentalist, what is lomborgs main argument?aour planet is in bad shape.bthe worlds environment is improving.cthe total amount of forests in the world is not declining.dconservation efforts have been successful.(2)what is lomborgs main accusation of environmentalists?athey scared people into making donations.bthey overturned our basic assumptions about the worlds environment.cthey changed their behavior toward the environment.dthey only told people bad news about the environment.(3)the underlined word depleting in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _.areducing blimitingcexpandingdaccelerating(4)according to the passage, which of the following statements is true?athe total area of forests in the world has increased significantly.bthe effects of global warming are not as bad as first expected.cit appears that the bald eagle will now survive.din the last 50 years the number of whales has increased.【解析】 “环境一直在变坏，我们的星球末日将要来临”，这是环保主义者们发出的警告，然而 lomborg 的新书却提出了完全相反的观点，他批驳了环保主义者们耸人听闻的言论。 (1)b 本题考查细节理解。根据文章第一段与第三段可知 lomborg 在 the skeptical environmentalist 中的观点 (argument) 是环境状况正在改善，因此选项b正确，c项只是他观点的一部分，不全面，故排除。(2)a 本题考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的第二句话可知 lomborg 指责环保主义者们利用恐吓手段让人们捐款。(3)a 本题考查猜测词义。第五段 lomborg 通过一些数据反驳了 the worldwatch institute 的观点 deforestation has been acceleration over the last 30 years ，lomborg 认为在最近几十年森林面积的缩小已经停止，因此选择 reducing。(4)c 本题考查细节判断。根据文章倒数第二段中的 whales are no longer threatened and the bald eagle is off the endangered list 可知秃鹰已经不属于濒危的物种了，由此可知c项正确。*结束1、（浙江省温州市2011年高三第一次适应性测试） when editors considered the possible demand forautobiography(自传)of mark twain，they kept their expectations within 7，500 copies. however，the book reached the no.7 on the new york times best-seller list published on nov.28.on friday afternoon it was no.4 on the bn.com best-seller list. it is a hit across the country.1anding on best-seller lists and going back to press six times，for a total of 275，000 so far. the publisher cannot print copies quickly enough，leaving some bookstores and online retailers(零售商)hopeless without copies just as the holiday shopping season begins. its frustrating，said rona，the owner of the bookmark. in this age of instant books，why does it take so long to reprint it? kris，an owner of a bookstore said：it was sold right out. theres a lasting love affair with mark twain，especially around here. anybody within a stones throw of the mississippi river has a twain attachment. mr. ingrain said：im sure every bookseller in the world is saying.i should have been sharper. i should have thought this one through more carefully. earlier this week，the book was sold out at a handful of bookstores. some booksellers said they had been told，much to their disappointment，that they would not receive reorders until mid-december or even january. many booksellers said the book has a holiday-gift quality，which has a unique story behind its publication. twain ordered that the book be published a century after his death. it is more political than his previous works，being flank，funny，angry and full of memories from his childhood. its literary，but not too tough to read. the content，itself，is very readable. it can be easily picked up and read without the worry of continuity(连贯性). ive only had a chance to look at it. but from what i did see，it looked like the kind of book you would never finish，and you would never even think of reading from the beginning to the end. said mr. ingram of prairie lights. its the kind of book you would read a little bit every day of your life. he was a wonderful showman. and he was cool. lets face it. thats part of it. mr. kettmann said. we feel americas kind of excited about a literary icon. said ms. dahne. theres something very sweet about the fact that people are interested in a 736-page scholarly book about mark twain.”(1)we can find this article in a_. a. newspaper b. brochure c. novel d. guidebook【解析】 本文是一则报道，马克吐温自传受到人们的追捧，登上了纽约时报畅销书榜单第七名。 (1)a文章出处题。从全文可知，这是一篇介绍马克吐温自传畅销的新闻报道，所以文章最有可能来自于报纸，答案选a项。(2)b句意理解题。语意表示“我本该眼光更敏锐些”，再结合语境可知该句隐含着书商对形势估计不足，从而产生一种惋惜和自责的情绪，所以句意同b项较一致。(3)d事实细节题。从文章第三段最后一句我们不难发现，马克吐温自传需要读者仔细阅读，点滴阅读，所以答案选d项。(4)b写作目的题。全文主要向读者介绍了马克吐温自传受到人们的追捧，畅销于世，所以选b项。*结束weve all experienced a good cry. shedding (流) some tears can often make us feel better and help us put things in perspective. but why is crying beneficial? and is there such a thing as a bad cry?the researchers analyzed the detailed accounts of more than 3,000 recent crying experiences and found that the benefits of crying depend entirely on the what, where and when of a particular crying episode (一段经历). the majority of persons reported improvements in their mood following a short period of crying. however, one third reported no improvement in mood and a tenth felt worse after crying. criers who received social support during their crying episode were the most likely to report improvements in mood.research to date has not always produced a clear picture of the benefits of crying, in part because the results often seem to depend on how crying is studied. the researchers note several challenges in accurately studying crying behavior in a laboratory setting. volunteers who cry in a laboratory setting often do not describe their experiences as making them feel better. rather, crying in a laboratory setting often results in the study participants feeling worse; this may be due to the stressful conditions of the study itself, such as being videotaped or watched by researchers. this may produce negative emotions, which neutralize (使无效) the positive benefits usually connected with crying.however, these laboratory studies have provided interesting findings about the physical effects of crying. criers do show calming effects such as slower breathing, but they also experience a lot of unpleasant stress, including increased heart rate and sweating. what is interesting is that bodily calming usually lasts longer than the unpleasant. the calming effects may occur later and overcome the stress reaction, which would account for why people tend to remember mostly the pleasant side of crying.research has shown that the effects of crying also depend on who is shedding the tears. for example, individuals with anxiety or mood disorders are least likely to experience the positive effects of crying. in addition, the researchers report that people who lack insight into their emotional lives actually feel worse after crying.12. we can infer from the passage that _.a. people dont like being seen cryingb. crying in public makes people feel betterc. a bad cry is as common as a good cryd. a good cry can sometimes help us face problems rightly13. the beneficial effects of crying can be shown when _.a. your breath becomes slow b. you sweat a lot.c. your face turns pale d. you are being watched14. who will be least likely to feel worse after crying?a. people who receive help in course of crying.b. people who fail to understand their emotions.c. people who are anxious and nervous.d. people whose mood is not in order.15. the passage is mainly about _.a. the types of crying b. the way of cryingc. the psychology of crying d. the causes of crying参考答案 daac *结束河北省高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（49） many people enjoy an adventure story. others like mysteries that lead the reader to an exciting discovery. the story of the young british naturalist charles darwin combines both of these. that is why the author and illustrator (插图画家) rosalyn schanzer chose to write the childrens book “what darwin saw”. the book was published just in time for the 200th anniversary of charles darwins birth on february 12, 1809.rosalyn schanzer carefully gathered darwins thoughts and observations from his diaries, letters and books. many of the words in the book are darwins own. she also traveled to the galapagos islands and south america. she researched some of the places darwin had visited on his trip on the ship, the beagle in the 1830s. she took thousands of pictures, which helped her create the books beautiful and colorful drawings. these pictures show young readers what led darwin to form his great discovery: the evolution of species through natural selection.“what darwin saw” tells of the adventures of a young man who traveled around the world as a scientist. the voyage of the beagle took charles darwin to south america, where he rode horses with cowboys and met native americans in argentina. he reported the eruption of the osorno volcano and experienced an earthquake in chile. darwins observations showed him that environments can chang