英语期末考试复习材料-新风尚.docx

新风尚 Book II Unit 5Part I Complete the Passage with the Correct Form of the Words. Mass media includes print media like newspapers and magazines, electronic media like radio, television and video and new age digital media like internet, blogs and mobile phones. To know the origin and history of media, we should know the growth and (1) _development_ of mass media. History of mass media can be (2) _traced_ back to the early days of dramas that were (3) _performed_ in various cultures. However, the term Mass Media originated with the print media that was also its first example. The first newspaper was printed in China 868 A.D, but due to the high cost of paper and illiteracy（文盲）amongst people, it didnt (4) _prosper_. Regarding the (5) _origin_ of the Mass Media, Europe can boast to be the (6) _primary_ source. It was Johannes Gutenberg, who for the first time printed a book in a printing press in 1453.Gradually, during the post-Second World War period, radio, television and video were introduced.The audio-visual (7) _facilities_became very popular as they provided information and entertainment. Of late, it is the Internet which has become the (8) _latest_ and most popular of the mass media. Here, information is (9) _provided_ through various websites and search engines. One can play games, listen to radio while working and chat with friends and relatives, irrespective (不顾的) of location. It also gives information on (10) _various_ topics such as literature, politics, science, sports, fashion, movies, education, career, jobs etc. similar to other types of mass media. Thus, due to the progress of science and technology, history of media has evolved and reached the present-day world. Part II Sentence Translation (From Chinese to English) 1. 我们的信念与行动得到大众及社会的普遍肯定。（at large）Our beliefs and actions have been approved by the general public and the society at large.2. 我们的努力已经使落后地区发生了巨大变化。(bring about) Our efforts have brought about a great change for the better in backward areas.3. 我喜欢这栋房子的总构型，可是烟囱太大，不成比例。(out of proportion)I like the general style of this building, but the chimneys are out of proportiontheyre too big.4. 就自然资源而言，该国是南美洲最贫穷的国家之一。(in terms of)In terms of natural resources, it is one of the poorest countries in South America.5. 爬山之前最好有万全的准备，以防发生灾难。(in case of) It is best to be properly prepared before climbing in case of any disaster.6. 请你照老师的样子，读出那个单词的读音来。(the way)Please pronounce the word the way our teacher does.新风尚 Book II Unit 6Part I Complete the Passage with the Correct Form of the Words. We all know that good health can positively affect us both physically and emotionally. But it can also have a(n) (1)_effect_ on our financial well-being. .In fact, studies have shown that healthy people are able to work more and be more (2)_productive_, thus being more likely to be successful. Healthy people also (3)_tend_ to be happier and more confident in themselves, which can also breed (产生，导致) success. Good health brings a positive (4)_outlook_ and, hopefully, good fortune. (5) _Investing_ in your health is well worth it. Here are a few simple tips to a healthier and wealthier life: Utilize (6)_prevented_ medicine and tests to determine health risks early, and fend off (挡开) future health and financial burdens. (7)_Recommended_ tests include body mass index, blood pressure check, gynecological exam, and physical exam. Flossing (牙线) helps to prevent gum (牙龈) disease, which can add 21% more to your health care costs than someone with healthy gums. Try to get 79 hours of sleep every night, and try to develop a(n) (8)_routine_ of going to bed and (9)_waking_ up at the same time every day.Lack of sleep will increase your risk of high blood pressure, diabetes (糖尿病), and obesity. Youre also less (10)_likely_ to catch a cold if you get more sleep. Exercise for 30 minutes a day to reduce risks of obesity (肥胖), cancer, stroke (中风), diabetes, and many other illnesses. Even a walk or a jog can help. Quit smoking to save up to $5 a day and live long enough to see retirement. Part II Sentence Translation (From Chinese to English) 1. 人们发现，疲劳驾车者更有可能忽视警示标志。(be likely to)It is found that tired drivers are more likely to ignore warning signs.2. 在被批评了很多次之后，你最终会变得不在乎了。(be immune to) Being criticized time and time again, youll eventually become immune to it.3. 如果情况果真如此，我们就需要更多的员工了。(be the case)If this is the case, we need more staff.4. 说到能源安全，我们的政策不针对任何一个国家。(when it comes to)When it comes to energy security, our policy is not directed against any single country.5. 我们的祖先必须应付寒冷、饥饿以及野兽的袭击。(cope with) Our ancestors have to cope with cold, hunger as well as attack from wild animal.6. 你可以控制自己如何感知事物，即如何判断事物。(have control over) You can have control over how you perceive things, that is, how you judge things.新风尚 Book II Unit 7Part I Complete the Passage with the Correct Form of the Words. Mans best friend is colorblind, but, fortunately, his survival does not depend upon the ability to see colors. His (1) _keen_ sense of smell compensates for (弥补) his inability to see colors, and (2) _enables_ him to differentiate between things. _Extensive_ scientific testing on dogs supports the conclusion that they live in a colorless world. The testing done primarily (4) _focused_ on the dogs responses to colors for food. Dogs could not tell the (5) _difference_ between one color, a signal for food, and other colors, that were not for food. Similar tests (6) _conducted_ on cats produced similar results, which led scientists to conclude that they, too, are colorblind and live in a gray world. The (7)_inability_ of most animals to see colors, from an evolutionary standpoint, is quite simple to understand. Many colorblind animals have dull-colored coats, hunt for food in the dark of night, or graze in the dim twilight hours. Their other senses have (8) _developed_ to the point where the lack of color vision in no way impairs (损害) them. For them, life in a colorless world is (9)_neither_ a handicap, nor a threat to their survival. The only animals, other than man, scientists can (10) _conclusively_ say have color vision are monkeys and apes. Both can be trained to open a colored door, behind which is food, and man can be trained to open a refrigerator door of any color!Part II Sentence Translation (From Chinese to English) 1. 这本英文小说已有年月，没隔多久书页都脱落了。(fall apart)The English novel was old and soon fell apart.2. 此案件已经调查了三个月，但进展情况一点也不令人满意。(far from) The case has been under investigation for three month, but the progress is far from satisfactory.3. 我们一整天都在等着激动人心的事发生，结果却什么都没有。(wait around)We spent the whole day waiting around for something exciting to happen, but nothing did.4. 这药是否可以安全地用于人体仍然需要一些时间去试验。(be applied to)It will still take some time to test whether the medicine can be safely applied to human body.5. 你的电脑星期四才能到。这期间，你可以用我的。(in the meantime) Your computer wont be arriving till Thursday. In the meantime, you can use mine.6. 在客人来之前，我们已经做好了晚会的所有准备工作。(prior to) We have made all the preparation for the party prior to the arrival of the guests.新风尚 Book II Unit 8Part I Complete the Passage with the Correct Form of the Words. Today in western societies more people are employed collecting, handling and distributing (分发) information than in any other occupation. Millions of computers (1) _inhabit_ the earth and many millions of miles of optical fiber (光纤), wire and air waves link people, their computers and the vast array of information (2) _handling_ devices together. Our society is (3) _truly_ an information society, our time an information age. The question before us now is whether the kind of society being (4) _created_ is the one we want. It is a question that should especially concern those of us in the MIS (管理信息系统) community for we are in the (5) _forefront_ of creating this new society. There are many unique challenges we face in this age of information. They (6) _stem_ from the nature of information itself. Information is the means through which the minds expands and increases its capacity to (7) _ achieve_ its goals, often as the result of an input from another mind. Thus, information (8) _forms_ the intellectual capital from which human beings craft their lives and secure dignity. However, the (9) _building_ of intellectual capital is vulnerable (易受攻击的) in many ways. For example, peoples intellectual capital is impaired (削弱) whenever they lose their personal information without being (10) _compensated_ for it, when they are precluded access to information which is of value to them, Part II Sentence Translation (From Chinese to English) 1. 应客户要求，我们的改进工作已全部完成。 (in response to)Improvements were done in response to our customers demands.2. 这家小公司没有资格要求政府的补助金。 (qualify for) This small company does not qualify for a government grant.3. 再跟吉姆谈也没有用，因为他从不认错。 (admit to)It is useless to talk to Jim again because he never admits to being wrong.4. 我们应养成每周锻炼5天，每天至少锻炼半小时的习惯。 (develop the habit of)We should develop the habit of doing as little as half an hour exercise five days a week.5. 这是一个与交通指示图不一致的十字路口。 (inconsistent with) This is an intersection which is inconsistent with the road map.6. 他甚至在监狱里的时候还继续从事犯罪活动。 (engage in) Even in prison, he continued to engage in criminal activities.新风尚 Book III Unit 1Part I Complete the Passage with the Correct Form of the Words. Einstein was not only the outstanding scientist of the 20th century, but also a gifted and enthusiastic musician. He once said that had he not been a scientist, he would have been a _musician_ . “Life without playing music is _inconceivable_ for me,” he declared. “I live my daydreams in music. I see my life in terms of musicI get most_joy_ in life out of music.”Einsteins mother, Pauline, was a talented pianist who _brought_ music to life in the family home. Albert began to learn the violin at the age of six. However, he toiled under unimaginative tuition until discovering the joys of Mozarts sonatas at the age of 13. From that point on, although he had no further lessons, his violin remained his constant _companion_.When Einstein moved to Aarau in Switzerland in 1895 to _complete_ his schooling, he seems to have _devoted_ a good deal of his time to music.Music was not only a _relaxation_ to Einstein, it also helped him in his work. His second wife, Elsa, gives a rare glimpse of their home life in Berlin. “As a little girl, I fell in _love_ with Albert because he played Mozart so beautifully on the violin,” she once wrote. “He also plays the piano. Music helps him when he is thinking about his _theories_. He goes to his study, comes back, strikes a few chords on the piano, returns to his study.”.Part II Sentence Translation (From Chinese to English) 7. 没有令人信服的理由让人相信他。(compelling reason)There is nocompelling reasonto believe him.8. 他说18个月前孩子的出世让他对人生有了新的认识。(perspective ) He says the birth of his child 18 months ago has given him a new perspective on life.9. 她听说大城市谋生容易些。(make a living)She heard that it was easier to make a living in the big cities.10. 必须先指出的是,我只能算是热衷者,而不是专家！(enthusiast)And I must again point out that I am an enthusiast rather than an expert!11. 科学院的一位教授建议设立专项基金来推进创新。（boost）A professor at the Academy has proposed that a special fund should be set up to boost innovation.12. 她建议你先估算一下自己的收入和开销。(assess)She suggests you firstassessyour income and outgoings.新风尚 Book III Unit 2Part I Complete the Passage with the Correct Form of the Words. undisputed innovator renowned endorse prominence executerecall substantial disputed entrepreneur change Michael Jordan is well known for being perhaps the greatest player in NBA history. He had a (1) substantial effect, not just on the game of basketball, but on the NBAs worldwide popularity as well. Although he wasnt an (2)innovator of new strategies, as a coach may be, he was the (3) undisputed king of the NBA in the 1990s. Early in his career, his style of play made many fans (4) recall the play of past greats like Jerry West or Pistol Pete Maravich.By the time he retired, those comparisons no longer existed.Jordan was able to harness (利用) his natural athleticism and complement it with creativity and hard work. This was best displayed during a game when the Chicago Bulls would (5) change from defense to offense. His ability to (6) execute the most daring shots as he soared through the air between multiple defenders still thrills NBA fans. When Jordan decided to (7) endorse Nike basketball shoes that carried himself, Nike, and the NBA to worldwide (8) _prominence, his ability as a promoter of athletic equipment is so (9) _renowned that it has almost become a legend. Ironically, when Jordan finally retired he chose not to be an (10) entrepreneur of his own sporting goods company, but to remain in the NBA as an executive. Part II Sentence Translation (From Chinese to English) 7. 广告里我应该突出哪些特征呢？(emphasize)What special features should I emphasize in the advertisement? 8. 只要条件合适，我们可以考虑接受政府间贷款或非政府间贷款。(takeinto consideration) We may take into consideration accepting government-to-government or non-government loans only if the conditions permit.9. 我们不能从本能和直觉中获得任何帮助，只能依靠经验。(rely on) We cannot get help from instinct or intuition but have to rely on experience.10. 我不知道有多少名人真正使用他们在广告中宣传的产品。(endorse) I wonder how many celebrities actually use the products they endorse.11. 好的书籍是你人生道路上的引路者。(serve as) A good book can serve as a guide in your life.新风尚 Book III Unit 3Part I Complete the Passage with the Correct Form of the Words. offering gap pursue discouragingly replaced thriving dramatically Incredible current importantChina is casting such a huge shadow on the United States that many Americans are struggling to learn Chinese in order to maintain their competitive edge. Interest in learning Chinese among American youth and their parents has grown (1)_dramatically in the past five years, said Vivien Stewart, vice president at the Asia Society, a US group trying to bridge the (2)_gap between Americans and the peoples of Asia and the PacificChinas rapid progress is driving the interest to (3) pursue_the language, experts say. The Chinese rich cultural traditions and (4) _thriving economy mean that it is now essential for all of our students to be better prepared to engage them and seize opportunities together, said Michael L