大二英语下学期.doc

Unit one5.1. Taxes are a(n) obligation which may fall on everybody.缴纳税款是每个人的义务2. Weapplauded the authoritys decision not to close the hospital.我们为了不关闭医院的决定而鼓掌3. The doctors instructions must be fulfilled exactly; the sick mans life depends on it.病人的生命取决于是否严格履行医生的指示4. Do these opinion polls really mirror what people are thinking?这些民意测验就像镜子反映了人是怎么想的5. I prefer to think of memorization as a stepping-stone to flexibility in use of words and phrases.我更愿意认为记忆是一个踏脚石灵活使用的单词和短语6. In her office memos she tended to devalue the work done by her staff.在她办公室她倾向于贬低别人的工作。7. The history of railroad transport has partly been a history ofstriving for greater efficiency and profit.铁路运输的历史在一定程度上是追求更高的效率和利润的。8. He took on the new post without having the faintest idea of what it entailed 他对新职位意味着什么没有一丁点概念9. He issupposedly one of the greatest experts in that field.在那个领域他应该是一个最伟大的专家10. Absolute secrecy is essential Consequently, the fewer who are aware of the project the better.结果要绝对保密,知道项目的人越少越好6. 1.This period is usually referred to as referred to as the postwar period.这一时期通常被称为战后时期。2.It would be a setback at best at best if we were denied the use of their software.这将是一个挫折,如果我们被拒绝使用他们的软件。3. We make people mentally old by retiring them, and we may even by the same token by the same token . make them physically old.我们使人们心理上退休,我们甚至可能出于同样的原因。使他们觉得身体也老了。4 I know that the public at large at large arent interested in this issue.我知道公众对这个问题不感兴趣5 My sister was always held up held up to me as as a model child.我妹妹总是举例我是一个模范的孩子。8.1. 随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。(take on)With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.2. 他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。(make a commitment)He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.3. 闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。(as opposed to)Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading.4. 说得好听一些，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心 (conscience) 且没有资格的权力追求者。(at best, at worst)At best he s ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.5. 我们已尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。(strive, make no headway)We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.Unit two5.1. Countless fossil discoveries allow us totrace evolution of todays organism from earlier forms.无数化石的发现使我们今天能够跟踪早些时候的生物的演变形式2. All legislation, all government, all society is formed upon the principle of mutual concession, politeness and courtesy.所有立法、政府、所有社会形成相互让步的原则是礼貌和恩惠。3. Several euro-zone governments object to thearrangement , which they said put them at disadvantage.政府反对安排几个欧元区,他们说让它们处于劣势。4. It could take decades before people finally accept that everything they believed to beeternally rue was merely a temporary set of measures that worked for a limited period of time.可能需要几十年人们才终于接受一切，他们认为是永恒的悔恨,在有限的时间内工作。5. Researchers have found that artificialsubstitutes for the natural sweeteners actually increase Ones appetite and make him eat more.研究人员发现,人工替代品天然的甜味剂实质上增大了一个人的胃口可以让他多吃。6. Indeed, many college students do not select their ultimate career path immediately after they graduate.事实上,许多大学生毕业后不选择他们的最终职业道路。7. We can not attach too much importance to self-discipline in ones success.我们不能过于重视自律的成功。8. An electronic dictionary has an edge over a printed one all its information can be refreshedconstantly 电子词典已经胜过一个印刷所有的信息可以不断刷新9. Advertising adds to societal definition of beauty and makes many of us aspire to resemblemodels that grace the cover of magazines.广告增加了社会美的定义,让我们很多人渴望像模型,优雅的封面杂志。10. In most of the Western world, suicide is not a crime, but helping another commitit is.在大多数西方国家,自杀不是犯罪,但是帮助另一个自杀就是犯罪6.1. It permits us to take for granted the sense of the worth of our persons and turn our energies to higher and nobler ends.它允许我们理所当然的确认我们个人的价值,并将我们的能量达到更高和更高尚。2. The number of schools and districts that were newly identified as in need of improvement is unprecedented.许多学校和地区的新发现需要改进的地方是前所未有的3. “In the end, this is what New York has been waiting for,” Wu said. “Here there is a huge Asian population groups, which (Lin Shuhao) is something that weve been waiting to happen, ultimately this is what we expect.”最后,这就是纽约一直等待,”吴说。“这里有一个巨大的亚洲人群,这(林Shuhao)是我们一直等待,最终这就是我们期望。”4. For several decades to come, China will stillbe dependent on coal, the only fossil fuel in abundance.几十年来,中国仍将依赖于煤炭,唯一在丰富的化石燃料。5. Their divorce grew out of mutual distrust and constant quarrels.离婚的互不信任和持续的争吵。6. The forms of architecture in history were not only based upon the structures, materials and styles, but also upon the financial capacity. 建筑的形式在历史上不仅基于结构、材料和风格,但也在财务能力。8.1. 宪法规定公民享有言论自由。(provide for)The Constitution provides for citizens freedom of speech.2. 我们在如何养育孩子的问题上有截然不同的看法，因此常发生争吵。(grow out of; bring up)Our constant quarrels grew out of the diverse ideas on how to bring up children.3. 我们早在会阅读之前就已经掌握了一些词汇。(long before)We have learned some words long before we can read.4. 很多中国家长认为孩子越早上学越好。(the more . the more)Many Chinese parents think that the earlier children go to school, the better.5. 新税法不是要惩罚富人，而是要给穷人以公平和机会。(rather)The new tax law is not to punish the rich. Rather it is to bring justice and opportunity to the poor.Unit three5.1. She refused to answer questions that infringedon her private affairs.她拒绝回答问题,侵犯了她的私事。2. This is a view echoed by many on the copyright protection.这是版权保护这一观点也得到了许多。3. The following description of Pearl Harbor is excerpted from a history book.以下描述的珍珠港是摘自一本历史书。4. These people seem to think that reading a few books on business management would qualifythem as experts.这些人似乎认为阅读几本书在商业管理资格专家。5. It is perfectly legalto import these goods under European law.这是完全合法的进口这些货物根据欧盟法律。6. The actors trip home has revived his memory of his childhood.演员的回程已经恢复了他童年的记忆。7. She practically accused me of starting the fire!她几乎开始指责我火!8. Salesmen employ all sorts of clevertacticsto try and persuade you.销售人员采用各种巧妙的策略,试图说服你。9. The strength of the army was greatlydiminishedby outbreaks of disease.军队的力量大大降低了疾病的暴发。10. She got the job as a science teacher by fraudulentmeans; she pretended she had studied physics at university.军队的力量大大降低了疾病的暴发。6.1. Police are looking into the case of two missing children.警察正在调查两个失踪儿童的案件。2. Her assistant wasaccused oftheft and fraud by the police.她的助手被警方指控盗窃和欺诈。3. The city government continued tograpple with the issue of public transportation.市政府继续解决公共交通问题。4. Last month the old professor presided over a seminar for theoretical physicists at the university.上个月,老教授主持大学理论物理学家的研讨会。5. His doctor advised him to steer clear of alcohol and cigarettes.他的医生建议他远离酒精和香烟。8.1. 你应该及时掐掉凋谢的花朵。(pluck off)You should pluck off the dead fl owers in time.2. 我认为你所说的实在算不上一个答案。(qualify as)I dont think what you said really qualifi es as an answer.3. 我们的喊声在寂静的大街上回荡。(echo)Our shouts echoed through the silent streets.4. 毫无疑问，他的成绩提高了，他又重新燃起了对学习的兴趣。(revive)There is no doubt that his grades have improved and his interest in learning has revived.5. 史密斯夫妇已经向离婚法院正式申请离婚。(file for)The Smiths have fi led for divorce in the divorce court.Unit four5.1. It is well-known that photographic paper is highlysensitive to light.众所周知,相纸是高度敏感的。2. The first part of Law School Admission Test evaluates skills in reading comprehension, in figure classification and in the evaluation of written material.法学院入学考试的第一部分评估阅读理解技能,在图分类和评价的书面材料。3. Because they are not sufficiently literate and job-prepared, some young people cant hold a job for long.因为他们没有足够的识字和job-prepared,一些年轻人长期不能胜任一份工作。4. The boss managed tosteerthe discussion away from the subject of money and into the topic of environmental protection.老板还是设法把讨论内容从钱的话题,进入环境保护的主题。5. Sams familiarity with pop music is so astonishing that he can sing a large number of pop songs.山姆的熟悉流行音乐是如此惊人,他可以唱大量的流行歌曲。6. His car broke down on the way andconsequentlyhe was late for the meeting with his clients.他的车在路上抛锚了,因此他和他的客户开会迟到了。7. One rewardof doing this social work is that I can learn to be independent, tolerant and get to meet people from different parts of the country.这样做的回报之一社会工作,我可以学会独立,宽容和能见到来自不同的地区的人。8. Mary has got all the rightqualificationsfor the job but is temperamentally unsuitable for it.玛丽得到了所有正确的资格工作,但是气质上不适合它。9. As college students, we should have a command of the fundamentalsof not only social sciences but also natural sciences.作为大学生,我们应该有一个命令的基本面也不仅社会科学,自然科学。10. The personnel manager said that he couldntevaluate Mikes ability without actually seeing him at work.人事经理说,他无法评估迈克没有真正看到他工作的能力。6.1.Our trip was a disaster As for the hotel, it was very dirty, wet, and cold. In addition, it was miles away from the city center.我们的旅行是一个灾难的酒店,它很脏,潮湿和寒冷。此外,它是远离城市中心。2All of the participants are trained tofocus their minds on details所有参与者是训练他们的思想关注细节3. Students of psychology willbenefit greatly from the study of literature as it provides insights into human behavior.心理学的学生将从文学的研究中受益匪浅,因为它提供了洞察人类行为。4. When I was a college student, I never failed towrite to my parents every week.当我还是一个大学生,我没有每周都给我的父母写信。5The judge asked the witness to supply the facts directlyrelevant to the case.法官问证人提供与案件事实直接相关。8.1. 我爷爷虽然70岁了，但他的爱好广泛，从下国际象棋到爬山，多种多样。(range from . to)My grandfathers interests range from playing chess to climbing mountains although he is 70 years old.2. 真奇怪，汤姆的奶奶都80岁了还玩玩具娃娃。(surprisingly)Surprisingly, Toms grandmother plays with dolls at the age of 80.3. 他大公无私的精神和天赋使他适合担当大多数学生梦想得到的那项工作。(qualify for)His selflessness and talent qualify him for the job most students dream to get.4. 你如何解释他的那个怪梦？(interpretation)What interpretation would you put on his odd / strange dream?5. 我们老板刚买的新轿车一小时能行驶200公里。(be capable of)The brand-new car our boss has just bought is capable of making 200 kilometers an hour.Unit 55.1. As if moved by a single thought, they cried out in dismay and grief.如果感动了一个思想,他们喊着失望和悲伤。2. The absolute fake is so obvious but it is stillinvisible to us.绝对假的那么明显,但它仍看不见我们。3. He is mentally ill and cannot be held accountable for his actions.他是精神病患者,不能对自己的行为负责。4. Last year, mortgage rates in Hong Kong dipped below 1%, adding fuel to the home-price surge.去年,在香港抵押贷款利率降至1%以下,这进一步助推房价飙升。5. Helmuts problems were compoundedby his lack of concentration.赫尔穆特的问题与他缺乏注意力。6. But part of the job of a leader on the scene is to discernwhats doable from undoable.但工作的一部分领导人在现场从可撤销的辨别什么是可行的。7. But social frustration is mountingbecause of pressure from the countrys exploding young population.但是社会不满越来越多,因为来自中国的年轻人口爆炸的压力8. All your mistakes will come back tohauntyou.你所有的错误会回来困扰你9. He assumed an air ofindifference ,but at the bottom of his heart he was greatly disappointed.他装出一副漠不关心的样子,但他的心他的底部非常失望。10. The biting cold was moreterrifyingthan anyone could have imagined.刺骨的寒冷比任何人想象的更可怕。6.1. Homework lots of it is at the heart of her approach to forming opinions and to arguing for them.作业很多是她的方法形成的核心观点和主张。2. This resolve requires a deep inner strength strength you can, and should, derive from your diversity.这种解决需要深内在的力量力量你可以,而且应该来自你的多样性。3. We make changes in ourselves, in our community, and we pave the way for global change.我们改变我们自己,在我们的社区,我们为全球变化铺平道路。4. She didnt conform to the mold of the typical young woman of the 1950s.她不符合模具的典型的1950年代的年轻女子。5. We must support the capacity of local governments and stand up to corruption that blocks progress. 我们必须支持地方政府的能力和站起来,抵制阻碍进步的腐败现象。8.1. 产品广告中的说明必须符合产品的实际质量。(conform to)The explanation in the advertisement of the product must conform to its actual quality.2. 新的见解有望为我们探索应对这种情况的新方法铺平道路。(pave the way for)New insights will hopefully pave the way for us to explore new ways of treating this condition.3. 谚语来源于生活，是一个民族的语言和文化的浓缩和体现。(derive from)Proverbs, which derive from life, are the condensation and embodiment of the language and culture of a nation.4. 这段情感关系一直困扰着她，而且不见尽头。(haunt)The emotional relationship has been haunting her with no end in sight.5. 应当承认，很难判定这件独特商品的合适价格。(discern)Admittedly, the right price for this unique commodity is hard to discern.Unit 65.1. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement 有欢乐的庆祝活动在全国各地,教堂的钟声刚刚响游行和纪念伟大的成就2. Your self-esteemis your good opinion of yourself or your respect for yourself.你的自尊是好的对自己或对自己的尊重。3. It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger.它是一种原始本能逃离危险的地方4. Later, some of his findingsAroused much popular interest in his book.它是一种原始本能逃离危险的地方5. Sheidentified herself with the campaign against drug abuse.她发现自己反对滥用药物。6. The issue has caused great tension between the two countries and could lead to a militaryconfrontation 的问题已经引起了两国之间的紧张关系,可能导致军事冲突7. Government employees swear an oath not toreveal official secrets.政府雇员宣誓不泄露官方机密。8. Most of the students have already felt the pressure ofSoaring inflation.大多数学生已经感受到通货膨胀的压力。9. Dozens of homes have had to beabandonedas the sea has crept farther and farther inland.几十个家庭不得不放弃像大海爬得更远,更远的内陆。10. After he won the amateur championship, he turned himself to aprofessional boxer.他赢得了业余冠军后,他把自己对一个职业拳击手。6.1. Go ahead with it, and we will stand by youthrough thick and thin 继续,我们将支持你同甘共苦2. Last Sunday evening we went to the school playground to root for the school football team.上星期天晚上我们去学校操场上根为学校足球队。3. The new evidencebacked up 新证据备份4. The garden has belonged toour family for a long time.花园已经属于我们家很长时间了5. For 12 years, weve sought to stave offthis ultimate threat of disaster. 12年,我们试图避免这个终极灾难的威胁。8.1. 她将她的少年时代描绘成一个幻想和发现的时期。(portray . as)She portrayed her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery.2. 试验表明，不抽烟的人比抽烟的人犯的错误要少。(fewer . than)Experiments showed that nonsmokers committed fewer errors than smokers.3. 足球迷经常受到人们的重视，不是因为他们自身的成功，而是因为他们支持的球队获得了胜 利。 (not . but)Football fans are often highly regarded not for their own achievement, but through their connection to a team that wins.4. 尽管演员的演技高超，这部长达3个小时的电影还是未能吸引住我们。(despite)Despite the actors wonderful acting, the three-hour movie could not hold our attention.5.王教授是我能唯一指望救我儿子的大夫。(rely on)Professor Wang is the only doctor I can rely on to save my son.Unit 75.1. His wedding expenses havedepletedhis parents retirement pension.他的婚礼费用也耗尽了他父母的退休金。2. The crowdoverflowedthe theater into the street, which drew special attention of the policeman.人群中溢出的剧院到街上,引来了警察的特别关注。3. Dust and dirt soonaccumulateif a house is not cleaned regularly.,尘土很快就越积越多的房子不经常打扫。4. T“A sweet temper” is a figurativeexpression, but “sweet coffee” is not.T“甜脾气”是一个形象化的表达,但“甜咖啡”并非如此。5. He interrupted the ongoing discussion and announced a notice.他打断了正在进行的讨论和宣布一个通知。6. Aglittering career had been predicted for her in the Civil Service.闪闪发光的职业生涯已经预言了她的公务员。7. He seems to beimmune to criticism, which puts him in a good mood all the time.他似乎不受批评,让他心情很好。8. A globaldownturn means that external demand for export goods and services remains weak.全球经济衰退意味着外部出口商品和服务的需求依然疲弱。9. To sum up, only when strict punishment can be imposed on the lawless can social stability be maintained.总之,只有当施加严格的惩罚可以无法无天的社会稳定可以维护。10. But it would have caused majordisruption in many other areas as well.但在许多其它领域造成严重破坏。6.1. Im going toclean outall the old files in the office because theres no room for a new book anymore.我要清理所有的旧文件在办公室因为没有一本新书的余地了。2. After graduation he decided to stay on at the university to do research.毕业后他决定留在大学做研究。3. It is quite common for children totake it for granted that their parents will pay for their college tuition.很常见的孩子理所当然地认为他们的父母将会支付他们的学费。4. I can justmanage to string a few words of French together.我可以一起管理字符串几句法语。5. Im so tired I couldntfocus on anything that has nothing to do with the case I am dealing with currently.我太累了不能专注于任何与案件无关我目前处理。8.1. 对考试结果我无法预料，我们只有等着瞧了。(inkling)I have no inkling about the examination results, we shall have to wait and see.2. 我不知道到底发生了什么事，但是他们一小时前就该到达这里的。(suppose to)I dont know what happened, but they were supposed to be here an hour ago.3. 他今天穿的衬衫的颜色与领带很不相配。(match)The color of the shirt he is wearing today does not match that of his tie.4. 经过数年的准备和积累，我终于开始了写作生涯。(commit)After years of preparation and accumulation, I have committed to a writing career fi nally.5. 我已经告诉我的孩子们要学着把自己的抽屉清理好。(clear out)I have asked my kids to learn to clear out their drawers.Unit 85.1. Though he caught a cold, he didnt hesitate to jump into the water torescue the child from drowning.尽管他感冒了,他没有犹豫地跳进水里救那个溺水的孩子。2. Young people in Asia take quite afancy to Valentines Day cards.年轻人在亚洲采取相当的情人节卡片。3. Thepotential sales of the new air-conditioners are great because of their new design and high technology.潜在的新空调的销售是伟大的,因为他们的新设计和高技术。4. Thedilemma the doctor faced was whether he should tell the patient the truth.医生面临的困境是他是否应该把真相告诉病人。5. We arerestrictedto 30 miles an hour in built-up areas.我们是在建筑物密集的地区限制为每小时30英里。6. He is adescendant of the early settlers in America.他是一个在美国的早期移民的后代。7. The intelligent and beautiful girl always becomes the object of the youn