黄颀填空 GRE网络课堂讲义 整理版.docx

* 填空/词汇 黄颀 o 一、概述 + GRE总体介绍 + GRE填空基本认识 o 二、填空题解题步骤 + 主干大法（一） + 主干大法（二） o 三、逻辑关系剖析第一类 同义重复 + 1.并列关系 + 2.因果关系 + 3.目的、手段、结果关系 + 4.递进关系 + 5.直接重复 + 6.间接重复解释关系(一） + 7.间接重复解释关系(二） + 8.间接重复根据明显指示词来寻找线索(一) + 9.间接重复根据明显指示词来寻找线索(二) + 10.间接重复根据语法现象来推断 + 11.间接重复之上下义词的重复 + 12.无明显同义重复题型的对策（1） + 13.无明显同义重复题型的对策（2） o 三、逻辑关系剖析第二类反义重复 + 1、转折关系 + 2、直接对比关系(1) + 2、直接对比关系(2) + 2、直接对比关系(3) + 2、直接对比关系(4) + 3、时间对比关系(1) + 3、时间对比关系(2) + 3、时间对比关系(3) o 三、逻辑关系剖析第三类 语气、感情色彩及其他 + 第三类 语气、感情色彩及其他(1) + 第三类 语气、感情色彩及其他(2) o 四、实战练习 + 1-5题 + 6-10题 + 11-14题 + 15-17题 + 18-20题 + 21-25题 + 26-28题 + 29-34题 + 35-40题 + 41-45题 + 46-49题 + 50-52题 + 53-56题 + 57-60题 + 61-65题 + 66-68题 + 69-73题 + 74-80题 + 81-85题 + 86-89题 + 90-94题 + 95-101题 + 102-108题 + 109-113题 + 114-120题 + 121-129题 + 130-135题 + 136-138题 + 139-145题 + 146-151题 + 152-156题1-1 GRE Graduate Record Examination 填空是语文部分的第一项每个 section 30分钟 38题 7道填空 9道类比 11道阅读（短4 长7） 11道反义God Read English GRE 与传统的英语学习不一样并不是检测考生的英文能力，而是考查英文的逻辑能力1到2分钟图答案时间非常紧观其大略，不求甚解1.扫题干2.看选项1-2 目的：最短时间获得最高分数填空题出现的词都要会，要反复研究A 公平 B 信息重复 提示逻辑相关出题模式A 题目自身包含解题线索 B 增加阅读难度干扰 干扰答题和准确率填空原则：只靠逻辑推理的正确性，答案为题干的同义重复，或反义。请牢记，不要根据生活经验做联想，例：年轻人是_。 A.有朝气的 B.年轻的 C.冲动的 D.不老的 E. 朝气蓬勃的分析：如果根据语义，所有的答案都是正确的。但是根据逻辑推理，正确答案为A和D。所有的GRE填空题其实都只是对上述原则的复杂化，却不会违背此原则。下面尤简到繁核心规则一 由已知推未知核心规则二 修饰语 需要看才看 只看主干解题思路1 同义重复2 负负得正分号 冒号 破折号 表示同义重复不能断章取义2-1 解题步骤 第一步 读主干根据空格的位置在句中成分 确定做题步骤第二步 找关键词第三步 选答案 适当理解一般80%前两步就可以了，总结四主干大法：I. A主语 谓语 B宾语1 The disjunction分裂 脱节 between educational objectives that stress independence and individuality and those that emphasize obedience to rules and cooperation with others reflects a_ that arises from the values on which these objectives are based.(A) conflict矛盾 冲突 对立(B) redundancy冗余(C) gain获得(D) predictability可以预言(E) wisdom智慧年轻人是年轻的II. (修饰语) A （修饰语）B 2 Scholars sense of the uniqueness of the central concept of “the state” at the time when political science became an academic field quite naturally led to striving努力追寻 for a correspondingly _mode of study.(A) thorough(B) distinctive与众不同的(C) dependable倚靠的(D) scientific(E) dynamic动力的动词后+ving 或to do看成完整谓语3 In many science fiction films, the opposition of good and evil is portrayed描绘 as a_between technology, which is_, and the errant will of a depraved intellectual.(A) fusion.useful(B) struggle.dehumanizing(C) parallel.unfettered(D) conflict.beneficent(E) similarity.malevolent介词后 不可能做主谓宾 通通不看 只有需要才看III. ()A （+/-） （） B，because () A (+/-) () B “+” 代表“做正评价”，“-”代表“做负评价”。但是此处的“正”、“负”评价不是只词本身的褒贬色彩。A+B即A促进B，A-B即A阻碍B。 该公式的翻译为：A促进了B，是因为A促进了B; A 阻碍了B，是因为A 阻碍了B. GRE一般会挖掉两组“+/-”中的任意一组，让你根据已知的半句话做合理推理。IV. ()A （+/-） （） B，but () A (-/+ ) () B根据上面的解释，请注意此处的“but”，这个公式翻译为：A促进B做正评价，可是A阻碍了B；A阻碍了B，可是A促进了B.4 The results of the experiments performed by Elizabeth Hazen and Rachel Brown were_not only because these results challenged old assumptions but also because they called the_ methodology into question.(A) provocative.prevailing(B) predictable.contemporary(C) inconclusive没有决定的.traditional(D) intriguing迷人的.projected(E) specious.originalNot only . , but also .动词 形容词 互换考法Call sth into question 对进行质疑5 The spellings of many old English words have been_in the living language, although their pronunciations have changed.(A) preserved(B) shortened(C) preempted 抢先购买(D) revised修改(E) improved改善preemptto replace with something considered to be of greater value or priority: take precedence over.6 Yellow fever, the disease that killed 4,000 Philadelphians in 1793, and so_Memphis, Tennessee, that the city lost its charter, has reappeared after nearly two decades in_in the Western Hemisphere.(A) terrorized.contention(B) ravaged.secret(C) disabled.quarantine(D) corrupted.quiescence(E) decimated生灵涂炭.abeyance1quiescence: qui+esc+ence n静止 2quarantine: quar+antine n隔离;检疫3contention: n争论Both and between and 考虑修饰语单独and 并列 且同义重复4这里so that 修饰 Yellow fever 5charter: n宪章 修饰语不看 但是 主语后跟 “,” 忽略插入语20年前有 20年后有 20年之间没有7 There are no solitary, free-living creatures; every form of life is_other forms.(A) segregated from(B) parallel to(C) dependent on(D) overshadowed by 被遮蔽(E) mimicked by 被模仿1solitary: sol+itary adj孤独的2overshadow 遮蔽3mimic: v模仿主干大法变换一 There be 主干大法变换二 and小链接 before前后对比注意事项1避免发散8 The natural balance between prey and predator has been increasingly_, most frequently by human intervention.(A) celebrated(B) predicted(C) observed(D) disturbed(E) questioned1intervene: inter+ven+e v干涉 介入说明 human intervention 是natural balance 说明 adv副词不用读；只有负评价；时间先后概念才改变逻辑关系说明 本题是分割题9 Parts of seventeenth-century Chinese pleasure gardens were not necessarily intended to look_; they were designed expressly to evoke the agreeable melancholy resulting from a sense of the _of natural beauty and human glory.(A) beautiful.immutability(B) cheerful高兴 欢乐.transitoriness(C) colorful彩色的.abstractness(D) luxuriant奢华的.simplicity(E) conventional传统 习俗 惯例.wildness1melancholy: mel+anch+oly adj忧伤的 n忧伤2agreeable: adj令人愉悦的我们只看距离宾语最近的动词3evoke: to call forth引起 or up 唤醒 先看主干 做第一空格A result from B; B lead to A 4transitoriness : trans+itor+ness n短暂5wildness: n狂野ETS 是犬儒主义找修饰语最近的 形容词 谓语3-1 1 同义重复 and ;also ;or ;not only but also 一面有空 一面没空10 The new biological psychiatry does not deny the contributing role of psychological factors in mental illnesses, but posits that these factors may act as a catalyst on existing physiological conditions and _such illnesses.(A) disguise(B) impede 阻碍(C) constrain 抑制(D) precipitate(E) consummate1posit: pos+it =assume 假定可以快速解题 先看空2consummate: con+sum+m+ate v完善3psychiatry: psych+ia+try n精神病学Not deny 正评价4physiological: phys+i+olog+ical adj生理上的5consummate: con+sum+ate adj专业的11 Few of us take the pains to study our cherished convictions; indeed, we almost have a natural_ doing so.(A) aptitude for(B) repugnance to(C) interest in(D) ignorance of(E) reaction afterGRE 单独few little 就是no 1take pains to: v煞费苦心 努力 拼尽全力12 Kaganmaintains that an infants reactions to its first stressful experiences are part of a naturalprocess of development, not harbingers of childhood unhappiness or -signs of. adolescent anxiety.A propheticB normal c monotonousD virtual E typicalNO.4的题 黄皮没有宾语从句 只关心 宾语从句的主干；不关心主句主谓宾全有了 不是主干题 是细节题说明not A or B 否定句 替换and 1harbinger: n预言 预兆2prophetic: adj预言的 预兆的3virtual: virt+ual adj事实的同义重复 2 特征词 because ; in that; for; therefore; thus; accordingly; consequently;Given; thereby ; due to; hence ;sothat; so as to ; if then; as a result ;In the sense that ; cause; give rise to; when then; as long as; result in重点 sothat soas to 更多关注to后面动作 只要出现soas to 只看to do 部分13 He was regarded by his followers, as something of _, not only because of his insistence on strict discipline, but also because of his _ adherence to formal details.(A) a martinet.rigid僵化的 顽固的 (B) an authority.sporadic(C) a tyrant.reluctant(D) a fraud.conscientious(E) an acolyte.maniacal1conscientious: consci+entious adj细心的2maniacal: man+ia+cal adj疯狂的3acolyte: ac+o+lyte n助手4martinet: martmars+in+et n坚持严格纪律的人解题思路 可以先strict discipline 5authority: author+ity n权威6tyrant: tyr+ant n暴君第二空 帮助验证7rigid: rig+id adj僵化的 严格的 固执的14 As long as nations cannot themselves accumulate enough physical power to dominate all others, they must depend on_.缺宾语 找宾语(A) allies(B) resources(C) freedom(D) education(E) self-determination自我决策只要国家不能支配其他国家； 1 dominate: 统治 控制v. have control of or a very strong influence on (people, events, etc)2ally : n盟友重点 分析谓语 只分析不定式 主谓宾 都要看3缺啥补啥； 主干大法 3 15 During periods of social and cultural stability, many art academies are so firmly controlled by_that all real creative work must be done by the_.(A) dogmatists.disenfranchised(B) managers.reactionaries 极端保守的人；反动分子 (C) reformers.dissatisfied 对现实不满的人(D) imposters.academicians(E) specialists.elite本题为四元素模式 A()B(art academies) ; 非B()非A(creative work)模式之一 物是人非 修饰关系不变 只是人变了1dogma: n教条 信条2imposter: im+post职位+er 骗子介词及其成分 不可能做主语 谓语 宾语 修饰语不看3academy: n学院无法用sothat 解题难题 4disenfranchise: dis+en+franchbranch+ise v剥夺权利 分析 art academy 与creative work 对应； 要么同义重复 要么反义重复无法分析，看大状语art academy 代表稳定第一空主语代表稳定1由已知推未知2分割是阻碍做题分析思路受阻 看大背景3 目的 手段 结果特征词 in order to ; by; for ; result from ; lead to 16 Edith Wharton sought in her memoir to present herself as having achieved a harmonious wholeness by having_the conflicting elements of her life.A) affirmed断定B) highlighted强调C) identified识别D) confined限制E) reconciled调和1wholeness: n完整一边有空 一边没有空17 91 02-1 黄皮书没有Onceaducklinghas identifiedaparent, the instinctive bond 纽带 becomesapowerful - for additional learning since, by - the parent, theducklingcan acquire further information that is not genetically transmitted.A impulse. surpassing超越B referent. recognizing承认C force. acknowledging承认 ;致谢D inspiration. emulating模仿 褒义词E channel渠道. mimicking 模仿1instinctive: in+stinct+ive adj本能的2bond: n联系分析Once 不能作为真正主语3since=because 第三主干大法4identify : v辨认By 一句是手段 而后一句是目的 A 显然是手段前置了 B第一句作为时间状语从句 不看 与主干无关C 后两句是因果关系since 引导 而by doning是引导目的状语不是定语 不是分割18 He felt it would be _, in view of the intense _ that would likely follow, to make the sacrifice required in order to gain such little advantage.(A) charitable.growth(B) welcomed受欢迎的.prejudice偏见(C) futile没用的.encouragement鼓励 (D) academic学术的.acclaim(E) unrealistic不切实际的.turmoil动乱分析: it是形式主语 实际是 to make would be 1charitable: char+itable adj慈善的更快解题 分割 that would likely follow 做题步骤 先找空 看看能不能1 分割法； 2 小粘连 3 实在不行常规 主干大法2插入语 不是主干 根据主干大法 不看插入语说明 分词做定语后置 make the sacrifice required 做被要求的牺牲3插入语 不会影响主干逻辑;所以插入语 主干是同义重复； 同褒贬评价4in view of= in terms of = with regard to = because 就而言;考虑到5intense: adj强烈的6turmoil : n骚动 动乱7that would follow= following 随之而来的第 4类 递进关系 even ;indeed ;quite possibility 一个比另一个 更好 更高 更强19 In the seventeenth century, direct flouting of a generally accepted system of values was regarded as_, even as a sign of madness.(A) adventurous褒义 冒险的:知难而进的(B) frivolous 轻浮的(C) willful 任性的(D) impermissible不允许的(E) irrational 不理智的1flout: v嘲笑 = 蔑视 广义同义表达2flute: n风笛 flute 身份卑微”牧童；沿街艺人”flout 3jape: jokejape =banter 4banter: bantben好+er v善意开玩笑20 Despite assorted effusions to the contrary, there is no necessary link between scientific skill and humanism, and, quite possibly, there may be something of a_between them.(A) generality(B) fusion(C) congruity(D) dichotomy(E) reciprocity1assorted: as+sort+ed adj各种各样的 “各种”2fusion: n熔化 杂合3dichotomy: dich+o+tom分+y n一分为二; 矛盾;对立;两分法4effusion: ef+fus+ion n思想 idea=opinion 5sth of: 某种程度上的第 5 类 直接重复continue ; remain; preserve; 一面有空 一面没空直接对应起来21 The techniques now available to livestock breeders will continue to be _, but will probably be _ by new ones under development.(A) fruitful.reversed颠倒(B) refined.upgraded(C) inconvenient.reassessed(D) used.supplemented(E) harmless.improved1refine: v精炼 提纯说明 这里是狭义重复了 可以精炼语义however, but, yet：1. 在别人观点之后，表示否定，如however + fail to；2. 转换主题：背景+Yet新主题；转换态度：并列内容；but另一并列内容3. 递进：a b c / Many factors, but X。说明 快速解题”分割法” ”小粘连” ”直接重复” 找狭义重复； 主干分析 找广义重复22 The eradication of pollution is not merely a matter of _, though the majestic beauty of nature is indeed an important consideration.考虑因素(A) economics(B) legislation(C) cleanliness(D) aesthetics(E) restoration1majestic: majmag=max+est+ic adj雄伟的 2restore: re+store v恢复3eradication : n根除难题 A is not merely B , though B is indeed A. 主干大法5 根据主干大法四 主语对主语 说明 找重复找不到 重复就在空中由于 谓语是is 所以主干大法才会发生变化 23 Comparatively few rock musicians are willing to laugh at themselves, although a hint of_can boost sales of video clips very nicely.(A) self-deprecation(B) congeniality 友善”人之初 性本善(C) cynicism 犬儒主义 嘲笑别人(D) embarrassment 窘迫(E) self-doubt 自我怀疑1clip: cl+ip n夹子； 说明 are willing 是谓语; to laugh at themselves 是宾语2a hint of 一点点 3nicely 很好4rock musician 摇滚乐手5video clip : 时频片段ETS 模式 A not B; although B 与 A 有关系说明 只是表示谓语24 Melodramas, which presented stark oppositions between innocence and criminality, virtue and corruption, good and evil, were popular precisely because they offered the audience a world _of_.(A) bereft.theatricality戏剧性 “对立”(B) composed.adversity 困境 灾祸=trouble (C) full.circumstantiality 细节(D) deprived.polarity极端性 对立性(E) devoid 缺乏.neutrality中性 1bereft: be+reft adj被剥夺的2deprive: de+priv+e v剥夺3devoid: de+void adj空的4stark: adj 完全的 stark opposition 截然对立5Offer sb sth .分析 主干大法 A offer audience a world 说明 A=they没有修饰语 B=the world 有修饰语 就是空 说明 上下句 可以是完全对应；也可以是某一逻辑层面的对应6melodrama: n情节剧 老友记；欲望都市;我爱我家 老套的故事情节；夸张的语言;说明 两个连续的空可以作为一个大空说明 主干大法中3 4 二者可以是完全重复；也可以是某一逻辑层面重复说明 主干大法 1 2 要看谓语是什么说明 主干大法3 4引申 如果不是AB; AB 可能是B在前 广义重复7adversary: ad+vers+ary n对手25 Famous among job seekers for its_, the company, quite apart from generous salaries, bestowed on its executives annual bonuses and such_as low-interest home mortgages and company cars.(A) magnanimity.reparations补偿 错(B) inventiveness.benefits好处 利益(C) largesse.perquisites津贴(D) discernment辨别 识别.prerogatives 特权(E) altruism.credits 信任 错某一空 可以同义 可以反义 可以广义 可以狭义1bestow: best+owlow v给予2generous: gen+er+ous adj慷慨的3reparation: re+par+ation n补偿找重复不能只看修饰语 还要看被修饰成分4perquisite: per+quisques=get+ite n津贴分析 小粘连 狭义重复分析 除了慷慨的薪水之外 apart from generous salaries 说明bestow bestow on都可以 替代give 说明 形容词做伴随状语5apart from 除了.之外还有6magnanimity : magn+animity n宽宏大量说明 famous for一句 完整解读(which is )famous for . 本质是做company 的定语而这里的quite apart from 长介词短语也是company 的定语 的确是分割6 间接重复6-1 解释关系26 The Muses are_deities: they avenge themselves without mercy on those who weary of their charms.(A) rueful后悔的(B) ingenuous天真的(C) solicitous关心的(D) vindictive报复的 “报复性极强的”(E) dispassionate冷静的1avenge: a+veng+e v为复仇2deity: de+ity n神3weary: wear+y adj令人疲倦的4solicitous: sol+icitous adj关心的 挂念的5vindictive: vind+ict+ive adj报复性的宙斯有九个 宙斯的女儿 6avenge sb on sb/sth 为了某人向某人，某事报仇有时 upon 替代on7dispassionate: dis+passion+ate adj冷静的 8charm: n魅力 c说明weary adj 厌烦的 vt/vi 厌倦 who weary of .这里的weary 是动词 而且是vi 27 Speakers and listeners are often at odds: language that is easy for the receiver to understand is often difficult to_, and that which is easily formulated can be hard to_(A) prehend(B) transmit传输.defend防卫 辩护(C) estimate评估.confirm(D) suppress.ignore忽略(E) remember想起 记得.forget1at odds 争执 不一致2in sharp contrast to 3stark opposition. 4odd: adj 奇怪的本题构成四元素模式之二 很有可能是 AB ; and, 非B非A 这里所说四元素模式是指 形式上对仗工整 整个句子对应 不是逻辑层面对应说明 主干大法3 4 说明 主干大法5 逆否命题说明 主干大法6 主表结构 例1 A is not merely ; although 例2 Few A is willing ; although 根据主干大法 4 A is not ;although A 根据主干大法 1 A B 这里B说明了A的特征两个方程和解主干大法6 主干大法1 谓语常用 offer serve be be portrayed as lead to93 -10-2 黄皮没找到 28 Unenlightened authoritarian manage rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents严重冲突A demur 反对B schism 分裂C cooperation合作D compliance顺从 服从E shortsightedness 不开明1schism: schsc分+ism v分裂schismn. strong disagreement, esp in a religious organization over doctrine, in which one group stops recognizing the authority of the other2democratic: demo+crat+ic adj民主的 3modicum: n少量4authoritarian: author+itar+ian n独裁主义者 改变逻辑的是 介词 副词 动词形容词修饰名词 没有下划线 两种对待方式 1名词表示概念 称呼 猫、狗 关注形容词2名词表示 实际含义 关注名词 自然界壮丽的美 缺什么找什么 目的性读说明 解释的 可能是主干 80% ; 可能解释宾语从句； 可能解释reason; 一直读 找到动词化 形容词话的名词为止 冲突的低水平 难题 ETS 难点一 不读主干 而是读原因reason for 难点二 reason for A of B among C of D 一直寻找到可以表示动词 形容词等非概念名词为止 那才是关键词 难点三 low level of serious conflict = low serious conflict 对应prevent + 空格难点四 可以说 rarely的确改变了句子逻辑 但是对应逻辑层面是 : 只是解释了 reason 那个逻辑层面； 正如although 也可能只是解释主句 “某一个逻辑层面”29 Nineteenth-century scholars, by examining earlier geometric Greek art, found that classical Greek art was not a magical_o