2006考研英语真题词汇.docx

2006：Estimates range anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.估计数量在60万和300万之间。Estimate nounlodging /ld/ |TEM4N-UNCOUNT If you are provided with lodging or lodgings, you are provided with a place to stay for a period of time. You can use lodgings to refer to one or more of these places. 寄宿处例：He was given free lodging. 他得到了免费住宿。stroll /strl/ |CET6 TEM41.V-I If you stroll somewhere, you walk there in a slow, relaxed way. 溜达例：He collected some orange juice from the refrigerator and, glass in hand, strolled to the kitchen window. 他从冰箱里取了些橙汁，然后手拿玻璃杯，溜达到厨房的窗边。2.N-COUNT Stroll is also a noun. 溜达例：After dinner, I took a stroll round the city. 晚饭后，我绕着城溜达了一圈。maintenance /mentnns/ |CET4 TEM41.N-UNCOUNT The maintenance of a building, vehicle, road, or machine is the process of keeping it in good condition by regularly checking it and repairing it when necessary. 检修例：.maintenance work on government buildings. 政府各大楼的检修工作。例：The window had been replaced last week during routine maintenance. 那窗在上星期的例行检修中已被换掉了。2.N-UNCOUNT Maintenance is money that someone gives regularly to another person to pay for the things that the person needs. 赡养费; 抚养费例：.the governments plan to make absent fathers pay maintenance for their children. 让那些不在孩子身边的父亲为孩子提供抚养费的政府计划。3.N-UNCOUNT If you ensure the maintenance of a state or process, you make sure that it continues. 维持例：.the maintenance of peace and stability in Asia. 亚洲和平与稳定的维持。comprehensive /kmprhnsv/ |CET4 TEM4ADJ Something that is comprehensive includes everything that is needed or relevant. 全面的例：The Rough Guide to Nepal is a comprehensive guide to the region. 尼泊尔概览是介绍该地区的一本全面指南。somehow /smha/ |CET4 TEM41.ADV You use somehow to say that you do not know or cannot say how something was done or will be done. 不知怎地; 不知以什么方式例：Well manage somehow, you and me. I know we will. 我们总会应付过去的，你和我。我知道我们会的。例：Somehow Karin managed to cope with the demands of her career. 不知怎么地，卡林设法应付了那些来自工作的要求。immune /mjun/ |CET4 TEM81.ADJ If you are immune to a particular disease, you cannot be affected by it. 免疫的例：About 93 percent of U.S. residents are immune to measles either because they were vaccinated or they had the disease as a child. 大约93%的美国居民对麻疹是免疫的，他们要么因为接种过疫苗，要么就是小时候得过麻疹。2.N-UNCOUNT 免疫力例：Birds in outside cages develop immunity to airborne bacteria. 养在户外笼子里的鸟对空气传播的病毒有免疫力。3.ADJ If you are immune to something that happens or is done, you are not affected by it. 不受影响的例：Higher education is no longer immune to state budget cuts. 高等教育不再受州预算削减的影响。4.ADJ Someone or something that is immune from a particular process or situation is able to escape it. 免除的例：People with diplomatic passports are immune from criminal prosecution. 持有外交护照者享有刑事起诉豁免权。5.N-UNCOUNT 免除例：The police are offering immunity to witnesses who help identify the murderers. 警方对帮助他们指认杀人凶手的证人免予起诉。But particularly when viewed against Americas turbulent past, todays social indices suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.turbulent /tbjlnt/ |CET6 TEM41.ADJ A turbulent time, place, or relationship is one in which there is a lot of change, confusion, and disorder. 动荡的例：They had been together for five or six turbulent years of break-ups and reconciliations. 他们在一起度过了分分合合动荡不定的五六年。2.ADJ Turbulent water or air contains strong currents which change direction suddenly. (水流或气体) 湍急的例：I had to have a boat that could handle turbulent seas. 我必须有一条能应付汹涌海浪的船。index /ndks/ |CET4 TEM4 复数形式：indices1.N-COUNT An index is a system by which changes in the value of something and the rate at which it changes can be recorded, measured, or interpreted. 指数例：.the consumer price index. 消费价格指数。2.N-COUNT An index is an alphabetical list that is printed at the back of a book and tells you on which pages important topics are referred to. 索引例：Theres even a special subject index. 甚至有一个特别的主题索引。3.V-T If you index a book or a collection of information, you make an alphabetical list of the items in it. 为编索引例：A quarter of this vast archive has been indexed and made accessible to researchers. 这批数量巨大的档案的1/4都已编了索引，可供研究者查阅。4.V-T If a quantity or value is indexed to another, a system is arranged so that it increases or decreases whenever the other one increases or decreases. 使与挂钩例：Minimum benefits and wages are to be indexed to inflation. 最低养老金和最低工资都要与通货膨胀挂钩。Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry - William Shakespeare - but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.distinct /dstkt/ |CET4 TEM41.ADJ If something is distinct from something else of the same type, it is different or separate from it. 有区别的例：Engineering and technology are disciplines distinct from one another and from science. 工程学和工艺学是互不相同的学科，也不同于理科。2.ADV 不同地例：.a banking industry with two distinctly different sectors. 有两个截然不同部门的银行业。3.ADJ If something is distinct, you can hear, see, or taste it clearly. 清楚的例：.to impart a distinct flavour with a minimum of cooking fat. 加入最少量的烹调油脂做出独特的风味。4.ADV 清楚地例：I distinctly heard the loudspeaker calling passengers for the Washington-Miami flight. 我清楚地听到扩音器在呼叫由华盛顿飞往迈阿密的旅客。5.ADJ If an idea, thought, or intention is distinct, it is clear and definite. 明显的; 确切的例：Now that Tony was no longer present, there was a distinct change in her attitude. 现在托尼不在场了，她的态度就发生了明显变化。6.ADV 明显地; 确切地例：I distinctly remember wishing I had not got involved. 我清楚地记得我巴不得自己没有参与进去。7.ADJ You can use distinct to emphasize that something is great enough in amount or degree to be noticeable or important. 显著的例：Being 6ft 3in tall has some distinct disadvantages! 身高6英尺3英寸有明显的劣势！8.ADV 显著地例：His government is looking distinctly shaky. 他的政府看起来显然岌岌可危。9.PHRASE If you say that you are talking about one thing as distinct from another, you are indicating exactly which thing you mean. 与有区别的例：Theres a lot of evidence that oily fish, as distinct from fatty meat, has a beneficial effect. 大量证据显示，含油的鱼与肥肉不同，具有益处。hostile /hstal/ |CET4 TEM41.ADJ If you are hostile to another person or an idea, you disagree with them or disapprove of them, often showing this in your behaviour. 反对的; 敌对的例：Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention. 许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。例：The West has gradually relaxed its hostile attitude to this influential state. 西方对这个有影响力的国家的敌对态度已趋缓和。2.ADJ Someone who is hostile is unfriendly and aggressive. 怀敌意的例：Drinking may make a person feel relaxed and happy, or it may make her hostile, violent, or depressed. 喝酒可以使一个人感到放松和愉快，也可以让人变得不友善、粗暴或沮丧。3.ADJ Hostile situations and conditions make it difficult for you to achieve something. (环境和条件等) 不利的例：.some of the most hostile climatic conditions in the world. 世界上最不利的一些气候条件。4.ADJ A hostile takeover bid is one that is opposed by the company that is being bid for. (收购投标) 恶意的例：Soon after he arrived, Kingfisher launched a hostile bid for Dixons. 金费希尔到任之后不久就开始了对迪克森斯公司的恶意收购投标。5.ADJ In a war, you use hostile to describe your enemys forces, organizations, weapons, land, and activities. (战争中) 敌方的例：The city is encircled by a hostile army. 该市被敌军包围。ironic /arnkl/ |TEM41.ADJ When you make an ironic remark, you say the opposite of what you really mean, as a joke. 讽刺的例：At the most solemn moments he will flash a mocking smile or make an ironic remark. 在最庄严的的时刻他也会露出嘲弄的微笑或是说些讽刺挖苦的话。2.ADJ If you say that it is ironic that something happens, you mean that it is odd or amusing because it involves a contrast. 具有讽刺意味的例：It is ironic that so many women are anti-feminist. 具有讽刺意味的是，竟然有那么多妇女是反对女权主义的。contend /kntnd/ |CET6 TEM81.V-I If you have to contend with a problem or difficulty, you have to deal with it or overcome it. 解决例：It is time, once again, to contend with racism. 又是对付种族主义的时候了。2.V-T If you contend that something is true, you state or argue that it is true. 辩称例：The government contends that he is fundamentalist. 政府辩称他是原教旨主义者。3.V-RECIP If you contend with someone for something such as power, you compete with them to try to get it. 争夺 (权力等)例：.the two main groups contending for power. 争夺权力的两大主要集团。例：Small-market clubs such as the Kansas City Royals have had trouble contending with richer teams for championships. 像堪萨斯城皇家队这样市场规模较小的俱乐部一直难以同财力更雄厚的球队争夺冠军。subsidy /sbsd/ |CET6 TEM4N-COUNT A subsidy is money that is paid by a government or other authority in order to help an industry or business, or to pay for a public service. 补贴金例：European farmers are planning a massive demonstration against farm subsidy cuts. 欧洲的农场主们正在策划一场反对削减农场补贴的大游行。prehistoric /prihstrk/ |TEM4ADJ Prehistoric people and things existed at a time before information was written down. 史前的例：.the famous prehistoric cave paintings of Lascaux. 拉斯科著名的史前洞穴绘画。since then从那时起，从那时以来halve /hv/ |TEM41.V-T/V-I When you halve something or when it halves, it is reduced to half its previous size or amount. 使减半; 减为一半例：Dr. Lee believes that men who exercise can halve their risk of colon cancer. 李医生认为，男人坚持锻炼，可以使他们患结肠癌的风险减半。2.V-T If you halve something, you divide it into two equal parts. 把对半分开例：Halve the pineapple and scoop out the inside. 把菠萝对半切开，并取出内瓤。vessel /vsl/ |CET4 TEM4 血管：blood vesselN-COUNT A vessel is a ship or large boat. 船; 舰例：.a New Zealand navy vessel. 一艘新西兰海军舰艇。prey /pre/ |CET6 TEM41.N-UNCOUNT-COLL A creatures prey are the creatures that it hunts and eats in order to live. 猎物例：Electric rays stun their prey with huge electrical discharges. 电鳐释放大量的电荷将他们的猎物击昏。2.V-I A creature that preys on other creatures lives by catching and eating them. 捕食例：The effect was to disrupt the food chain, starving many animals and those that preyed on them. 后果是打断食物链，使许多动物和捕食它们的动物饿死。3.N-UNCOUNT You can refer to the people who someone tries to harm or trick as their prey. (某人的) 坑害对象例：Police officers lie in wait for the gangs who stalk their prey at night. 警官们埋伏起来等待捉拿那些夜间悄悄追踪作案对象的黑帮成员。4.V-I If someone preys on other people, especially people who are unable to protect themselves, they take advantage of them or harm them in some way. 坑害例：Pam had never learned that there were men who preyed on young runaways. 帕姆从未了解到有些人专门坑害那些年轻的离家出走者。5.V-I If something preys on your mind, you cannot stop thinking and worrying about it. 困扰例：It was a misunderstanding and it preyed on his conscience. 这是个误会，让他的良心很不安。saturate /stret/ |CET6 TEM41.V-T If people or things saturate a place or object, they fill it completely so that no more can be added. 使饱和; 使充满例：In the last days before the vote, both sides are saturating the airwaves. 在投票前的最后几天，双方的宣传充斥着各个广播频道。2.V-T If someone or something is saturated, they become extremely wet. 使湿透例：If the filter has been saturated with motor oil, it should be discarded and replaced. 如果过滤器已被机油浸透，就应该丢掉并更换一个。notion /nn/ |CET4 TEM41.N-COUNT A notion is an idea or belief about something. 例：We each have a notion of just what kind of person wed like to be. 我们每个人都对自己要做个什么样的人有各自的想法。例：I reject absolutely the notion that privatization of our industry is now inevitable. 我绝不接受我们的产业私有化在当今是不可避免的这种看法。crop /krp/ |CET4 TEM41.N-COUNT Crops are plants such as wheat and potatoes that are grown in large quantities for food. 庄稼例：Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops by hand. 这里的稻农仍然用手工种植和收割庄稼。2.N-COUNT The plants or fruits that are collected at harvest time are referred to as a crop. 收成例：Each year it produces a fine crop of fruit. 每年这里的水果收成都不错。3.N-COUNT A crop is a short hairstyle. 短发例：She had her long hair cut into a boyish crop. 她让人把她的长发剪成了像男孩子的短发。4.N-SING You can refer to a group of people or things that have appeared together as a crop of people or things. 一群 (人); 一堆 (物)例：The present crop of books and documentaries about Marilyn Monroe exploit the thirtieth anniversary of her death. 现在这批有关玛丽莲梦露的书籍和记录片是借她去世三十周年纪念之机而发行的。5.V-I When a plant crops, it produces fruits or parts which people want. 收获例：Although these vegetables adapt well to our temperate climate, they tend to crop poorly. 虽然这些蔬菜能够适应我们这里的温和气候，但它们的产量常常不高。6.V-T To crop someones hair means to cut it short. 把剪短例：She cropped her hair and dyed it blonde. 她把头发剪短并染成了金色。7.V-T If you crop a photograph, you cut part of it off, in order to get rid of part of the picture or to be able to frame it. 裁切例：I decided to crop the picture just above the water line. 我决定把这张照片裁切到刚刚高于水位线的地方。phony /fn/ 1.ADJ If you describe something as phony, you disapprove of it because it is false rather than genuine. 假的例：Hed telephoned with some phony excuse she didnt believe for a minute. 他用一些假的借口打电话，她根本就不信。2.ADJ If you say that someone is phony, you disapprove of them because they are pretending to be someone that they are not in order to deceive people. 虚伪的; 做作的例：The people are so phony. 这些人太假了。3.N-COUNT Phony is also a noun. 可作名词例：Shes a phony, a fake. 她是个伪君子、骗子。skeptical 英 skeptkl 美 skptkl adj. 怀疑的；怀疑论的，不可知论的misery /mzr/ |CET6 TEM41.N-VAR Misery is great unhappiness. 苦难例：All that money brought nothing but sadness and misery and tragedy. 那些钱带来的只有悲哀、苦难和不幸。2.N-UNCOUNT Misery is the way of life and unpleasant living conditions of people who are very poor. 穷困例：A tiny, educated elite profited from the misery of their two million fellow countrymen. 一个小小的受过教育的精英团体从他们两百万同胞的穷困中获了利。3.PHRASE If someone makes your life a misery, they behave in an unpleasant way towards you over a period of time and make you very unhappy. 使某人的生活非常不开心例：I would really like living here if it wasnt for the gangs of kids who make our lives a misery. 要不是那一群群的孩子搅得我们生活不宁，我还是挺喜欢住在这里的。4.PHRASE If you put someone out of their misery, you tell them something that they are very anxious to know. 告知情况 (使不再焦虑)例：Please put me out of my misery. How do you do it? 请别让我着急了。你是怎么做的呀？5.PHRASE If you put an animal out of its misery, you kill it because it is sick or injured and cannot be cured or healed. 杀死 (动物) 以使其摆脱痛苦例：He notes grimly that the Watsons have called the vet to put their dog out of its misery. 他难过地记录下沃森家已经给兽医打了电话，要永远结束他们家狗的痛苦。depict /dpkt/ |CET4 TEM4V-T To depict someone or something means to show or represent them in a work of art such as a drawing or painting. 描绘例：.a gallery of pictures depicting Lees most famous battles. 一批描绘李的最著名战役的图画。emergence /mdns/ |TEM4N-UNCOUNT The emergence of something is the process or event of its coming into existence. 兴起例：.the emergence of new democracies in Latin America. 拉丁美洲新民主国家的兴起。commercial /kml/ |CET4 TEM41.ADJ Commercial means involving or relating to the buying and selling of goods. 商业的例：Baltimore in its heyday was a major centre of industrial and commercial activity. 巴尔的摩在其鼎盛时期曾是工商业活动的主要中心。2.ADJ Commercial organizations and activities are concerned with making money or profits, rather than, for example, with scientific research or providing a public service. 商业化的例：The company has indeed become more commercial over the past decade. 这个公司在过去的十年里确实已变得越来越商业化了。例：Conservationists in Chile are concerned over the effect of commercial exploitation of forests. 智利的自然保护者对森林商业化开发的后果感到担忧。3.ADV 商业化地例：The plane will be commercially viable if 400 can be sold. 这飞机若能售出400架从商业上看就可行。4.ADJ A commercial product is made to be sold to the public. 商业性的例：They are the leading manufacturer in both defence and commercial products. 他们在防御性和商业性的产品方面都是领先的制造商。5.ADV 商业性地例：It was the first commercially available machine to employ artificial intelligence. 这是第一台具有商业价值的人工智能机器。6.ADJ A commercial vehicle is a vehicle used for carrying goods, or passengers who pay. 商用的例：The route is used every day by many hundreds of commercial vehicles. 这条路线每天都有成百辆商用车通过。7.ADJ Commercial television and radio are paid for by the broadcasting of advertisements, rather than by the government. 商业化的 (电视或广播)例：There were no commercial radio stations until 1920. 直到1920年才有了商业电台。8.ADJ Commercial is used to describe something such as a film or a type of music that it is intended to be popular with the public, and is not very original or of high quality. 商业化的 (电影或音乐)例：Theres a feeling among a lot of people that music has become too commercial. 许多人都感到音乐已变得太商业化了。9.N-COUNT A commercial is an advertisement that is broadcast on television or radio. 电视或电台广告例：Turn the channel there are too many commercials. 转换一下频道太多广告了。literacy /ltrs/ |CET4 TEM4N-UNCOUNT Literacy is the ability to read and write. 读写能力例：Many adults have problems with literacy and numeracy. 很多成年人有读写和计算的困难。lure /l/ |CET6 TEM81.V-T To lure someone means to trick them into a particular place or to trick them into doing something that they should not do. 引诱例：He lured her to his home and shot her with his fathers gun. 他把她诱骗到家里，然后用父亲的枪把她打死。例：They did not realize that they were being lured into a trap. 他们没有意识到正被人骗入圈套。2.N-COUNT A lure is an object which is used to attract animals, especially fish, so that they can be caught. 诱饵3.N-COUNT A lure is an attractive quality that something has, or something that you find attractive. 诱惑力; 魅力例：The excitement of hunting big game in Africa has been a lure to Europeans for 200 years. 在非洲捕捉大型猎物所带来的刺激，200年来一直吸引着欧洲人。agenda /dnd/ |CET4 TEM41.N-COUNT You can refer to the political issues that are important at a particular time as an agenda. (政治) 议题例：Does television set the agenda on foreign policy? 电视安排了有关外交政策的议题了吗？2.see also hidden agenda3.N-COUNT An agenda is a list of the items that have to be discussed at a meeting. 议事日程例：This is sure to be an item on the agenda next week. 这必将成为下周议事日程上的一项议题。issue to把发给；向分表：to issue food to the refugees向难民分发食物patron