（5月集训）浙江省绍兴县高考英语阅读理解选练（1）.doc

2014浙江省绍兴县高考英语阅读理解选练（1）及答案【吉林省吉林市2014质量检测】five years ago, david smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “i was a clothes addict.” he jokes. “i used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so i could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” today david wears casual clotheskhaki pants and a sports shirtto the office. he hardly ever wears a necktie. “i am working harder than ever.” david says, “and i need to feel comfortable.”more and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work. in the united states, the change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. in the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on friday（but only on friday）. this became known as “dress-down friday” or “casual friday”. “what started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant maisly jones.why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? one reason is that its easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code.” “a lot of young people dont want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so its hard to hire people if you have a conservative（保守的）dress code.” another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. in a study conducted by levi strauss and company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale（心境，士气）. only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative influence on productivity. supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “for the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”david smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict,” because _.a. he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirtb. he couldnt stand a clean appearancec. he wanted his clothes to look neat all the timed. he didnt want to spend much money on clothesdavid smith wears casual clothes now, because_.a. they make him feel at ease when working b. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes c. he looks handsome in casual clothes d. he no longer works for any company in this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned except _. a. saving employees moneyb. making employees more attractivec. improving employees motivationd. making employees happierc. 细节理解题。由第一段第二行可知。a. 细节理解题。从第一段最后一行david所说的话中可知。b. 细节理解题。其它三个选项在最后一段都有提及。 2013天津卷 last nights meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.according to gabe rothschild, emerald valleys mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.what they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“my family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident duane cosby.“we wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been complaining about this problem for decades.they say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.they call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.there is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. this population consists of birds, bats, frogs，snakes，etc.for example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (迁徙的)birds.according to the international darksky association，“100 million birds a year throughout north america die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”countless more animal casualties(伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting.clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.they worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.emerald valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.for years, flagstaff, arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the lowell observatory.similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.41it happened last night that _a. the citys lights affected the meteor watchingbthe meteors flew past before being noticedcthe city light show attracted many peopledthe meteor watching ended up a social outing 42what do the astronomers complain about?ameteor showers occur less often than before.btheir observation equipment is in poor repair.clight pollution has remained unsolved for years.dtheir eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.43what is the author concerned about according to paragraph 4?a. birds may take other migration paths.banimals living habits may change suddenly.cvarieties of animals will become sharply reduced.danimals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.44lighting regulations in flagstaff, arizona are put into effect to_alessen the chance of getting cancerbcreate an ideal observation conditioncensure citizens a good sleep at nightdenable all creatures to live in harmony45what message does the author most want to give us?asaving wildlife is saving ourselves.bgreat efforts should be made to save energy.chuman activities should be environmentally friendly.dnew equipment should be introduced for space study.【要点综述】 本文是一篇科普文。主要介绍了城市的光污染对日常生活、天文学家的工作以及动物的生活都产生了消极的影响。在flagstaff，arizona已经采取了灯光管理措施。 41a 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.”可知，昨天晚上由于城市的灯光太亮，影响了人们观看流星。故选a。42c细节理解题。根据第三段“have been complaining about this problem for decades. they say that light pollution prevents them from”可知，天文学家多年来一直在抱怨光污染问题未解决。故选c。43d推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句“ that suffers even more from light pollution. this population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc.”以及本段最后一句“ 100 million birds a year throughout die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”可知，第四段作者主要叙述的是动物也受到了光污染的影响，甚至它们的生存也受到了影响。故选d。44b推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at”可知，这条规定是为了给天文学家的工作创造理想的观察条件。故选b。45c主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的叙述，作者主要描述了城市的光污染对生活、工作以及动物造成的影响，因此作者在文中呼吁我们人类的活动应该对环境有利。故选c。阅读理解-ewe live in a very competitive world. everybody seems to be competing with someone at some level. each week we spend hours playing or watching others compete in sporting activities all over the world. we cannot help being impressed by the level of excellence that these people achieve.in sport and business, competition encourages excellence in performance. where there is no competition, improvement in performance is less likely. some level of competition is a have-to in all aspects of life.the following story makes this point.as two friends are hiking in the forest they come across a huge, ferocious and obviously hungry bear. its next meal has just come into sight, and they are it! the first friend calculates that the bear will catch them in 27.3 seconds. at that point, she panics, realizing there is no escape. she faces her friend, with the fear of death in her eyes. to her amazement, she observes that her friend is not scared at all. on the contrary, her friend is quickly but calmly taking off her hiking boots and putting on running shoes. “what do you think youre doing?”the first hiker says to her companion. “youll never be able to run faster than that bear”. “thats true,” says the companion,“but all i have to do is escape, faster than you.”we all compete when the motivation is strong enough. however, competition is not the real purpose of life. fulfilling the measure of our creation can only be achieved individually.most of time, we are not in competition with any other person, so we do not have to compare ourselves with others. there is only one person that can fulfill our role and that is us. this means that others cannot beat us to the finish line because there is no race. this is not to say that others do not have a similar role to us, but it is never the same. this is important to understand if we are going to enjoy life. every human being is unique and cannot be cloned. in this, i am not referring to the body, only to the spirit, soul, or the essence of a person.72. the first 4 paragraphs tell us that competition . a. is necessary though harmful b. only exists in sports and business c. is unavoidable and beneficial d. is a fight against oneself73. why is the story of two friends told in the passage? a. to advise friends to be loyal even in competition. b. to expose the weak side of friendship when tested. c. to support the authors own argument on competition. d. to persuade people to beat others, even friends. 【答案】c【解析】由第2段作者提出他对竞争的观点，第三段the following story makes this point.可知讲故事是为了证明自己的观点，故c为正确答案。【考点定位】考查作者写作意图题。74. from the last two paragraphs we learn that . a. competition plays an important role in social development b. we dont have to compete since we are all different c. we have to beat others in order to survive d. there is more to life than just competition75. as a whole the passage advises the readers to . a. realize we are living in a world of competition b. face competition in a balanced state of mind c. have a strong sense of being a possible winner d. value friendship however fierce competition may be阅读理解do you know about a series of books that say they are “for dummies”? these american self-help books have been translated into more than thirty-nine languages including chinese, arabic, russian, french, german, greek and spanish. “dummy” is a word for a stupid person. the dummies books are not really for stupid people. they are designed to show people how to do something they may never have tried before, like painting a house or learning a language. the books all say in a funny way that they are for dummies, such as world history for dummies, rabbits for dummies, chinese cooking for dummies, and wedding planning for dummies. the first such book, dos for dummies, was published in 1991. it helped people learn how to use the dos operating system for computers. since then, more than one hundred fifty million dummies books have been sold. the website explains the idea behind the books. it says that they show that people can be taught to do anything. first they can make fun of ideas that are difficult to understand. then they show how the information can be interesting and easy. the publishers say that the books do not provide more information than necessary. they give readers just enough information to do what they want. they say that the dummies books give the best and easiest way to do something. and the books use simple and easy language.there are more than one thousand different dummies books. a report in new york times says that the top-selling dummies books are those that explain technology and personal finance.the publishers say that the best-selling dummies books are those providing information many people need-like information about diseases, education and cooking. people interested in opera, car repair and wine can also find dummies books to help them. and there are even more dummies books to come. the publishers say that they publish about two hundred new dummies books every year. hich of the following can be the best title of the passage? a. books for dummies b. the easiest, the best c. books for stupid people d. new ideas behind the books ccording to the website, people can _ with the help of dummies books.a. do some personal things b. learn any foreign languagec. become expert in cooking d. do anything they wantthe dummies books have been popular because _. a. they provide just what is needed and are easy to understandb. they provide abundant information on the concerning subjectc. people can learn to do anything with just one copyd. people can save lots of money through self-teachingaccording to new york times, we know that books on _ sell best. a. diseases and education b. opera and car repairing c. technology and personal finance d. cooking and world history what can we learn from the passage? a. the first dummies book was on chinese cooking. b. the dummies books will continue to be popular. c. fifty million different dummies books have been published. d. the simple language was intended for child readers. 【参考答案】adacb阅读理解（三）global warming threatens to hold back human progress, and make unachievable all un targets to reduce poverty, according to some of the worlds leading international and development groups. in a report published today, oxfam, greenpeace, christian aid, friends of the earth, wwf and 15 other groups say rich governments must immediately address climate change to avoid even “unbearable levels” of worldwide poverty. “food production, water supplies, public health and peoples living environment are already being damaged,” the report says. “the world must meet its promise to achieve poverty reduction and also deal with climate change.”the report, which draws on un predictions of the effects of climate change in poor countries over the next 50 years, says poor countries will experience more flooding, declining food production, more disease and the worsening or disappearing of entire ecosystems(生态系统)on which many of the worlds poorest people depend. “climate change needs to be addressed now. the poor will bear the burden of it. the frontline experience of many of us working in international development indicates that communities are having to fight against more extreme weather conditions.”climate change will play havoc(浩劫)with agriculture and water supplies and will increase diseases. “by 2025 the proportion of the worlds population living in countries of great water stress will almost double, to 6 billion people. tropical and sub-tropical areas will be hardest hit those countries already suffering from food shortage”. poor countries mostly do not need high-tech solutions, but would most benefit from education, research and being shown how to farm better. the report says unchecked global warming, more than wars or political confusion,