软件需求分析复习总结.docx

一.名词解释1Requirements Management Ans: A systematic approach to eliciting,documenting,organizing,and tracking changing requirements(Ensuring that your team identifies,builds,tests and documents the right system for your customer) 2Root causes analysis Ans: basic and contributing causes are discovered in a process similar to diagnosis of disease. 3 Requirements elicitation Ans:Sometimes called requirements discovery,involves technical staff working with customers to find out about the application domain, the services that the system should provide and the systems operational constraints,and stakeholders.4 Requirements WorkshopAns:Gather all key stakeholders together for a short but intensely focused period,using an outside facilitator,brainstorming and Idea reduction and listing of possible features and attributes.5Domain ModelAns:Domain model may be considered a visual dictionary of the noteworthy abstractions, domain vocabulary and information content of the domain.6High quality softwareAns: A software is good if it meets customers expectations:it is (at least) correct, reliable, maintainable, user-friendly ;the total cost it incurs over all phases of its life cycle is minimal. 7Requirements classificationAns:Functional requirements;Nonfunctional requirements;Design constraints.8 Requirements baselineAns:The itemized set of features intented to be delivered in a specific version of the application. 二.简答题1 List the six team skills of requirements management.Ans: Analyzing the Problem.Team;Understanding User Needs.Team ;Defining the System; Managing Scope;Refining the System Definition;Building the Right System.2Describe the differences among users Needs, Features and Requirements. Ans: Needs are a service the system provides to fulfill one or more user needs; Features are A reflection of the business, personal, or operational problem that must be addressed in order to justify the use of a new system;3Describe the differences and relations between Domain Model and Class Diagram. Ans: Domain model may be considered a visual dictionary of the noteworthy abstractions, domain vocabulary and information content of the domain, Domain mode is a representation of real-world conceptual classes,not of software components;A class diagram shows the existence of classes and their relationships in the logical view of a system.UML modeling elements in class diagrams:Classes and their structure and behavior;Association, aggregation, dependency, and inheritance relationships;Multiplicity and navigation indicators;Role names4. List the technical methods of specifying requirements and give a short description of each method. Ans:5 List the artifacts of requirements document and describe the use of each artifact.Ans: 6. List the steps of how to build a Use Case Model.Ans: Step 1: Identify and describe the ActorsStep 2: Identify the use Cases and write a Brief DescriptionStep 3: Identify the Actor and use-Case RelationshipsStep 4: Outline the Individual Use CasesStep 5: Refine the Use Cases7. List the steps of how to define requirements baseline.Ans: Have feature list at hand.For each feature:1.Establish priority ;2.Assess effort required to develop feature;3.Risk involved in developing feature.三.分析题1Use decision table to specify the following requirements If there is smoke, and you have given up smoking, and someone else is not smoking ,then push the fire alarm and leave the building , but if there is no smoke, then do nothing.Ans:If there is smoke (condition 1)and you have given up smoking (condition 2)and someone else is not smoking (condition 3)then push the fire alarm (action 1)and leave the building (action 2)but if there is no smoke (condition 1)then do nothing (action1) 2Use decision table to specify the following requirements (On any given day.) I only take some leisure time after I have finished my homework; otherwise, I do my homework. For leisure on Fridays, I go out to see a repertoire movie, but only if I have completed my homework before 6pm, otherwise (because it is too late for the movie) I just read a good book at home.Ans:3Use state chart to specify the behavior of a traffic signal. (week8) 1) a traffic signal facing north-south (NS) 2) another one facing west-east (WE) Requirements: 1) The red light only stays on for 25 seconds, then it is blinking for five seconds to indicate the approaching of the light change, followed by the green light. 2) The green light stays for 25 seconds, at which time the yellow light is on. 3) After 5 more seconds the yellow light gives way to the red light again, and so on. 4) Consider that after startup the initial light for NS is set to green and for WE is set to red, and the traffic signals start indefinitely rotate among green, yellow and red.Ans:The traffic signals NS and WE are synchronized in time. When the traffic signal NS goes red, the traffic signal WE would go green, and vice versa.Synchronization:Product Machine of NS and WE四.设计题Main Success Scenario of use case Play DiceGame：1. Our problem domain is developing a little game DiceGame，following is its Use case Diagram：(week1/6)1）Player indicates to the DiceGame system that s/he wishes to start a new game. 2）System indicates that the player can take a turn. 3）Player indicates that s/he wishes to take a turn. 4）System simulates rolling a die and displays the face value. 5）Steps 3 and 4 are repeated 6）System calculated the total and displays congratulations message. Problems: 1、 According to scenarios ,build its Domain Model。Ans: 2、 According to scenarios，draw its UML Sequence Diagram。 Collaboration Diagram:3、According to domain model and sequence diagram in above，build its UML Class Diagram。Ans:2. Our problem domain is an information system for a video rental store. Simplifying assumptions and details: 1) It is a stand-alone store, not part of a larger organization. 2) Rents only videos, not computer games or other items. 3) A “video” can be in any medium: tape, DVD, and so on. 4) The rental charge may vary by medium. For example, DVD rentals are more expensive than tapes. 5) The store does not sell anything. For example, there are no sales of videos or food. 6) All transactions are rentals. 7) The input medium by which membership and video rentals are captured is not important. 8) Cash-only payments. 9) On completion of a rental, the renter receives a transaction report with typical information on(use your judgment). 10) Each renter has a separate membership. Problems: 1、 If you are responsible for collecting requirements of this system, design 10 questions to elicit users requirements 2、 Identify at least 4 primary use cases and related actor(s). Draw the results in a UML use case diagram. Ans:3、 Write the main scenario for the Rent Videos use case. Do not write an elaborate heading section for the use case (i.e., ignore Purpose, Overview, ); rather, start immediately with the typical course of events. Ans:Use Case:Rent VideosEssential, Expanded, Conversational