主动语态变被动语态的方法.doc

主动语态变被动语态的方法班级_ 学号 _ 姓名 _一、主动语态和被动语态概说英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成：Everybody likes him. 大家都喜欢他。 (主动语态) He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜欢。(被动语态)二、主动语态变被动语态的方法1. 主动语态变被动语态的基本方法将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)：He broke the cup. The cup was broken by him. 【注意】若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略：He was born in 1986. 他生于1986年。What is this flower called? 这种花叫什么花？2. 双宾动词的被动语态双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，通常是把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)：He answered me that question. I was answered that question by him.有的动词则通常把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)：He wrote her a letter. A letter was written to her. (与动词write搭配用介词to)She made him a new coat. A new coat was made for him. (与动词make搭配用介词for)有时以上两种方式均可用：He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。 She was given some money. / Some money was given to him.He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一块表。 A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.3. 被动语态的时态被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”中的动词be来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(1) 一般现在时的被动语态：am is, are+过去分词English is taught in our school. 我们学校学英语。We are taken good care of at school. 我们在学校受到很好的照顾。(2) 一般过去时的被动语态：was were+过去分词He was taken to the police station. 他被带到了警察局。The house was built ten years ago. 这座房子是10年前建的。(3) 一般将来时的被动语态：will be+过去分词A new building will be built here soon. 不久这里将建一栋新楼。The meeting will be held at two this afternoon. 会议将于今天下午2点举行。(4) 现在完成时的被动语态：have hasbeen+过去分词All the work has been done now. 所有的工作现在都做好了。Have the letters been posted? 信都寄了吗？(5) 过去完成时的被动语态：had been+过去分词He said the work had been finished. 他说工作已完成了。(6) 现在进行时的被动语态：am is, are being+过去分词My watch is being repaired by him. 我的表正在由他修理。The plan is now being discussed. 计划现在正在讨论。(7) 过去进行时的被动语态：was were being+过去分词He said that the man was being operated on. 他说那个人正在动手术。He told me that a new station was being built. 他说正在修建一个新车站。(8) 过去将来时的被动语态：would be+过去分词He said that the meeting would be held next week. 他说会议将于下周举于。4. 含有情态动词的被动形式若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词，其结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”：Everyone must know this. This must be known by everyone.请看以下带情态动词被动句实例： This cant be done in a short time. 这不是短期内可以完成的。Can this be done by machine? 这可以由机器来做吗?The work must be done at once. 这工作必须马上做了。被动语态专练一、区分下列句子哪句是被动语态的句子： 1. English is spoken in many countries. ( ) 2. The students are doing their homework in the classroom. ( ) 3. The students are divided into six groups. ( ) 4. My brother was chosen for the basketball team. ( ) 5. We can finish the work in two hours . ( ) 6. The sick child must be sent to the hospital at once. ( )二、写出下列动词的过去分词： 1. clean _ 2. love _ 3. speak _ 4. break _ 5. finish_ 6. know _ 7. sell _ 8. teach _ 9. find _ 10. build _ 11. blow _ 12. give _三、把下列句子改为被动语态： 1. We teach English in our school. English _ _ in our school. 2. Someone broke the glass this morning . The glass _ _ this mrning . 3. They can finish the work in two hours . The work _ _ _ in two hours . 4. The wind blew the clouds away . _ _ _ _away . 5. They sell fresh fish in that market every day . _ _ _ _ in that market every day .四、单项选择：( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( )3 This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( ) 6 Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 7 Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B . are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 8 Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 9 The flowers_often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 10 The books may_ for two weeks.A . be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 11 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended( ) 12 The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing( ) 13 The teapot _ water.A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled( ) 14 Old people must be looked after well and _ politely.A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to( ) 15 Old people must _.A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well( )16 Our house _ in 1969. A. is built B. built C. was built D. build( )17 The bridge _ stones. A. is made of B. made of C. is made into D. is made from( )18 Mrs Fangs book _ last week. A. w