重庆市江津市第五中学高中英语 Unit3 Living Planet Period five导学案 重庆大学版必修5.doc

重庆市江津市第五中学高中英语 unit3 living planet period five导学案 重庆大学版必修5【使用说明和学法指导】 20分钟独立阅读下面语法规则，并勾划出不懂的地方； 10分钟合作讨论解决疑难； 10分钟点评总结。一、过去分词作定语用法（past participles used as attributes）过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。 he is a teacher loved by his students. 也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如： fallen leaves retired workers the risen sun 注意以下几点：1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： we needed much more qualified workers.english is a widely used language.单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。 they decided to change the material used. 2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。the student dressed in white is my daughter. =the student who is dressed in white is my daughter.) 3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词做定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。 is there anything unsolved? there is noting changed here since i left this town.4辨析：过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成；现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系；不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。 the olympic games,_ in 776 b.c. did not include women players until 1912.a. first played b. to be first played c. first playing d. to be first playingfirst played in 776b.c. = which was first played in 776 b.c.5练习： 1. did you attend the meeting _yesterday? a. to be held b. having been held c. held d. being held2. do you know the name of the play_ in the hall now? a. to be put on b. being put on c. put on d. putting on 3. i borrowed a book _ by mark twain from the library last week. i like it very much. a. written b. writing c. was written d. to write4. please dont forget him. he is one of _. a. those invited b. invited those c. those inviting d. inviting those二、过去分词做表语1用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示 动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词；被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为 动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。 the glass is broken. the glass was broken by tom. the windows are closed. the windows are closed by jack.2一些表示“情绪变化”的动词，它们的动词-ing形式和过去分词形式相当于形容词,可在句中做定语和表语，如:interest, surprise, excite, frighten, disappoint, bore, tire, puzzle等. she was very disappointed to hear the disappointing result. the audience were all moved to tears by the moving film3除了系动词be以外，get， seem，look, appear, sound, feel, remain等其它系动词也可接过去分词作表语。the girl seemed frightened at the sight of the snake.the problem remained unsolved.cleaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour.a. pay b. paying c. paid d. to pay4练习：(1). the rooms are _, so you cant move in. a. painted b. painting c. being painted d. to be painted(2). as soon as he entered the city, he _. a. was losing b. got losing c. grew lost d. got lost (3). what he has done is really _.now his parents are _ him. a. disappointing; disappointed at b. disappointing; disappointed about c. disappointing; disappointed with d. disappointed; disappointing by 三、过去分词作宾补的用法过去分词作宾补时，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词作宾补表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作。能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类： 1.表“希望，要求”的动词：want, wish, expect, like, order+ object + (to be) donei want the work (to be) finished by sunday.jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.2.表“感官动词”的动词：see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find, think等+ object + p.p.we saw the thief caught by the police.people found the water polluted.3.使役动词make, get, have，let+ object + p.p.i want to get my hair cut tomorrow.= i want to get the barber to cut my hair.= i want to let the barber cut my hair.4.介词短语作宾补with/ without + n. + p.p.they left without a dish touched.the murderer was brought in , with his hands _ behinds his back . a .being tied b .having tied c .to be tied d .tied注意：1. 使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。 第一，过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。如：he had his money stolen. 第二，过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。he had his leg broken. 1. 过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。如：the big fire is reported controlled. the meeting room was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order. 四、过去分词做作状语i过去分词作状语所表示的意义：过去分词用作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随等，多数情况下相当于一个省略了连词、主语和动词be的状语从句（例句1）。其逻辑主语一般和句子的主语一致，在大多数情况下有被动的含义。它多放在句首，有时也可放在句后或句中。过去分词作状语可分为：一般式 (done) 表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生或分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。完成式 (having been done) 强调分词动作发生在谓语动作之前。scolded (as she was scolded) by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head.ii过去分词作状语时的具体用法：1过去分词作时间状语从句。asked (when he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head.2过去分词作原因状语从句。frightened (=because / as she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didnt dare to sleep alone.3过去分词作条件状语从句。grown (if these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.given (if we were given) more time, we could do it better.4过去分词作让步状语从句。left (although he was left) at home, john didnt feel afraid at all.5过去分词作状语表示伴随动作或状态。the teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students.注意：1）过去分词做状语（表原因，让步，时间，结果。） 过去分词与主句的主语是动宾关系，即过去分词与主语是被动关系。the teacher came into classroom into the lab, followed by some students. the students came into classroom, following the teacher2）过去分词的主语与从句的主语不一致，过去分词用独立的结构。其过去分词前面也要带上主语。all things considered, her paper is of great value than yours. all things 和 her paper 不是同一个主语 从上面中，我们可以看到，things 与her paper 不是同一个主语.所以过去分词前的主语不