高三英语一轮复习 第1部分 基础知识解读 课时提能练5 Unit 4 Cyberspace（A）北师大版必修2.doc

unit 4cyberspace(a).阅读理解a(2017陕西省部分学校2018届第一学期摸底检测)a new study has found the amount of antibiotics(抗生素) given to farm animals is expected to increase by twothirds over the next 15 years.researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat，milk and eggs.however，the drugs could quicken the development of antibioticresistant infections(感染)such infections are already a major public health concern in the united states.the world health organization(who)notes when people stop living in poverty(贫困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better，rather than earn more money.for most people，that means their diet should contain more meat.with the rapid development of asia，people there are eating nearly four times as much meat，milk and other milk products as they did 50 years ago.to meet the need，farmers have put many animals into smaller spaces.as the animals are crowded together，the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them antibiotics.its clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster.but bacteria call develop resistance to the drugs gradually.nowadays，doctors find antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer work.the bacteria have learned ways to fight against the drugs.the heavy use of antibiotics in farm animals is responsible for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide.each year in the united states，at least two million people get antibioticresistant infections and at least 23，000 die from these infections.europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth.and the united states is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose.【语篇解读】本文主要围绕在农场动物身上使用抗生素的负面影响展开。【长难句分析】the world health organization(who) notes when people stop living in poverty(贫困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better，rather than earn more money.分析：本句为复合句。notes后接省略了连接词that的宾语从句；该宾语从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句when people stop living in poverty；they want to do为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰the first thing；rather than连接的并列结构在宾语从句中作表语。译文：世界卫生组织指出，当人们摆脱贫穷之后，他们想做的第一件事情就是吃得好点，而不是挣更多的钱。1what accounts for the increasing amount of antibiotics given to farm animals?athe desire for new drugs.bthe less effective antibiotics.cthe outdated farm technology.dthe need for more various foods.d考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat，milk and eggs”可知，研究人员认为用于农场动物身上的抗生素的数量增加与人们对各种不同的食物的需求增加有关，故选d项。2what do most people want to do first when they get rid of poverty according to the who?amaking a lot of money.bfocusing more on health.chaving more meat in their diet.dliving in a better environment.c考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“the world health organization(who) notes when people stop living in poverty(贫困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better，rather than earn more money.for most people，that means their diet should contain more meat”可知，c项正确。3what can be inferred from the passage?aantibiotics do harm to animals.bantibiotics help animals stay healthy.cantibiotics are used heavily in europe.dantibioticresistant bacteria spread to people.d考查推理判断。结合第四段中的“each year in the united states，at least two million people get antibioticresistant infections and at least 23，000 die from these infections”可推知，抗生素耐药细菌传播到了人身上，故选d。【干扰项分析】由第三段中的“its clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster”可知，a项表述有误，可排除；由最后一段中的“europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth”可知c项表述错误，可排除；b项最具干扰性，因为b项本身是正确的，但是b项是文中的明确信息，不需要推断得出，而题干所要求的选项需要经过推理判断得来，所以b项不符合题意。诸如b项这类本身正确，但不满足题干要求的选项是考生做题时需要特别留意的。4whats the passage mainly about?athe negative effect of antibiotics on farm animals.bthe advantages of using antibiotics.cthe reason for banning the use of antibiotics.da new way of raising farm animals.a考查主旨大意。结合文章内容可以看出，本文主要说的是在农场动物身上使用抗生素的负面影响，故选a项。b【导学号：33220142】(2017河南洛阳高三第一次统考)all over the world mothers and fathers teach their children manners.other children may have manners that are not like yours.there are all kinds of manners.many years ago, children who had good manners were seen and not heard.they kept quite quiet if grownups were talking.today, wellmannered children have more freedom.sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places.suppose you are a visitor in the land of mongolia.some friends ask you to eat with them.what kind of manners do they want you to have? they want you to give a loud “burp(打嗝)” after you finish eating.burping would show that you like your food.in some countries，if you give a loud burp，you are told to say “excuse me, please.” in many places people like to eat together.but in some parts of polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating at all.people show good manners by turning their backs on others while they eat.what are manners like in an east african town? the people try not to see you.they are being polite.you may see a friend.he may not see you at all.if you are polite，you will sit down beside him.you will wait until he finishes what he is doing.then he will talk to you.suppose you visit a friend in arabia.you should walk behind the other tents until you come to his tent.if you pass in front of the other tents, you will be asked into each one.the people will ask you to eat with them.and it is bad manners if you say no.manners are different all over the world.but it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way.people need ways to show that they want to be friends.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了世界上一些地方的礼仪。5how did polite children behave?aby looking into adults eyes while talking.bby keeping silent while adults were talking.cby slipping into the house without being heard.dby not opening their mouths until spoken to.b考查细节理解。根据第二段的第二句“they kept quite quiet if grownups were talking.”可知，过去，在大人们说话时，儿童保持沉默是一种礼貌的行为。6which custom should we follow in order to look wellmannered?asaying “excuse me” on burping in mongolia.binviting guests to dinner together in polynesia.ctalking with a friend before he completes things in east africa.daccepting an eating invitation in arabia.d考查细节理解。根据第三段的最后两句“the people will ask you to eat with them.and it is bad manners if you say no.”可知，接受阿拉伯人一起吃饭的邀请是礼貌的行为。干扰项分析在mongolia饭后打嗝是一种礼貌的行为，说明你喜欢对方提供的食物；根据第三段的“but in some parts of polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating at all.”可知，在polynesia，邀请客人一起吃饭是不礼貌的行为，故b项错误；根据第三段的“you will wait until he finishes what he is doing.”可知，在东非，静静地坐在朋友身旁并等他忙完是礼貌的做法，故排除c项。7what can we infer from the text?ahear much, speak little.blove me，love my dog.cwhen in rome do as the romans do.ddo what you ought to and come what can.c考查推理判断。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段的第一句“manners are different all over the world.”可推知，礼仪因地域而各有不同，因此最好的做法是入乡随俗。.完形填空(2017长沙二模)there was once a widow who had two daughters.the 1 widow loved the elder who was like herself both in looks and personality, but didnt love the other, who resembled her 2 ，although she was pretty and friendly.the younger daughter had to 3 hard all day and live upon the leftovers of her elder sister.among her other 4 jobs，she was forced to carry water every day 5 one day 6 she had just filled her pot at the fountain, an old trembling woman asked her for a drink of water.glad to show a kindness to the old woman，she 7 now, all of a sudden, there was no old trembling woman but a(n) 8 who rewarded good deeds before her.“your face is pretty 9 your heart is gentle，” said she.“for your kindness，i will make you a gift.every time you speak, from your mouth shall come a flower or a jewel.”when the girl reached home, her ill mother 10 her for her long absence.“pardon me for being away so long，” she replied.as she spoke some pearls and diamonds dropped from her 11 “what is this i see，child？” asked the 12 widow.the poor girl was so happy to be 13 child by her mother that she eagerly told her mother about her 14 with the old woman at the fountain.the widow immediately 15 her favorite daughter to do as the 16 girl had done.when the impatient girl was filling the pot with water at the 17 ，a beautiful lady appeared and 18 a drink of water from the girl.“i have not come here to serve you，” she 19 replied.the lady，who was the fairy，said, “i will make you a gift to 20 your rudeness.every time you speak, from your mouth shall come a snake or a toad(蟾蜍)”【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了两个性格和外表不同的姐妹对给予他人帮助的不同反应以及她们得到的相应的结果，彰显了善有善报的道理。1a.goodtemperedbbadtemperedckinddbeautifulb根据下文中的“her ill mother”并结合下文她训斥小女儿可推知，她脾气不好。2a.daughterbteachercmotherdfatherd根据语境中的转折可知，此处与“herself”形成对比。小女儿不像她而是像父亲。3a.complainbplaycworkdstudyc根据下文中的“among her other 4 jobs，she was forced to carry water every day 5 ”并结合“live upon the leftovers of her elder sister”可推知，小女儿整天要做许多工作，靠吃姐姐的剩饭菜生活。4a.easybhardcinterestingdboringb根据上文中的“the younger daughter had to 3 hard all day”可推知，小女儿的工作都很辛苦，很累人。5a.within reachbwith easecwithout hesitationdfrom a great distanced根据本段的整体内容可知，小女儿过得很艰难。由“she was forced to carry water every day”可推知，小女儿每天还得从很远的地方挑水，这与其艰难的生活境况呼应。6a.whenbwhileconcedbeforea此处when引导时间状语从句。7a.hesitatedbagreedcleftdarguedb根据空前的“glad to show a kindness to the old woman”可推知，小女儿答应了老妇人的请求。8a.boybold womancold mandfairyd根据下文的“the lady，who was the fairy”可推知，老妇人是仙女变幻来的。9a.althoughbbutcwhiledandd根据语境可知，空处前后句表示逻辑上的并列关系，故选d。10a.scoldedbpraisedcthankeddforgavea