福建省南安一中高一英语 语法梳理之定语从句.doc

南安一中2015届高一学段语法梳理定语从句 一. 定语从句的作用与引导词作用在句子中作定语,修饰句子中的某一名词或代词,从句须放在先行词之后。关联词关联词用于引导一个定语从句,代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分。关系代词: who(人), whom(人), whose(人/物), that(人/物), which(人/物), as(人/物)关系副词: when, where, why.二.关系代词的作用作用例 句1.作主语1. the student who is talking with the monitor is lucy.（指人作主语）2. a dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.（指物作主语）2.作表语3.she is no longer the girl that she used to be.（指人作表语）3.作宾语(可以省略)4the student (whom/ who/that)you want to see has come already.（指人作宾语）5.the letter(which) i received yesterday was from a friend of mine.（指物作宾语）4.作定语(whose既可以指人亦指物)6.the girl whose mother is a teacher studies very hard. =of whom the parents7. please pass me the dictionary of which cover is black.whose cover = the cover of which =of which the cover三. 关系副词的用法：关系副词代替先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当状语,相当于介词+which.oct1,1949 was the day when（=on which） the peoples republic of china was founded.can you tell me the name of the factory where (=in which)you once worked?who can tell me the reason why(=for which) tom was absent today?补充: 判断选用关系代词或关系副词方法: 取决于定语从句中的谓语动词.如果是及物动词,且后面无宾语,用关系代词.反之,如果是不及物动词,则用关系副词this is the mountain village where i stayed.this is the mountain village which i visited.ill never forget the days when i worked together with you.ill never forget the days which i spent in the countryside.i believe the reason that he has given for his being late.is this museum you visited a few years ago. da. where b. that c. on which d.the oneis this the museum the exhibition was held. aa. where b. that c. on which d.the one四. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去,主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标 点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开五定语从句在选择关连词that 与which时，常常容易出错，所以应记住什么时候只能用that，什么时候只能用which.1).须用that引导的定语从句情 况 例 句1. nothing, everything, anything, much, all, little, few等不定代词作先行词时，常用that引导从句.is there anything that i can do for you?all that can be done has been done.2.指物的先行词前被序数词,形容词最高级修饰时。the first thing that we should do is to help him.this is the best foreign film that i have ever seen.3. 先行词被all, any, few, little, much, no, some,each等修饰时 you can take any seat that is free .4.指物的先行词前被the very(正好的，恰好), the only, the same修饰时。thats the very tool that we are looking for.5.先行词既指人又指物时。they talked about the things and friends that they could remember.6.主句是由who/which引导的特殊疑问句时。who is the man that is standing over there?which is the tool that you are looking for?2) 指人时不可由that引导的定语从句 1.在非限制性定语从句中。mr smith ,who lives in chicago, is a doctor .2.关系代词在从句中作前置介词的宾语时。he has two sons, both of whom are lawyers.3.someone.somebody,nobody,anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,those等指人的不定代词作先行词时。anyone who breaks the law will be punished.3）指物时只用which 情况有两种情况：a非限制性定语从句，关连词要用which；b做介词宾语时只能用which。请看下列两组例句：i said nothing , which made him more angry .i have the book about which you are talking .六、在定语从句的非限制性定语中，which 和as 是容易混淆的。1) as 通常出现在一些固定短语之中如： the sameas : suchas as is well known 众所周知 as was expected 正如预料的那样 as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样 2) as 引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个句子时,可置于句首或句中,常译为“正如”. 3) which只能在逗号之后，在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词，指前句整个的意思,常译为“这一点,这件事“.相当于and this/and that, 含有并列,因果关系. 如：she has married again, which surprises us .巩固练习：1.the days are gone _physical strength was all you needed to make a living. a. when b. that c. where d. which2. she showed the visitors around the museum, the construction_ has taken more than three years. a. for which b.with which c. of which d.to which3. the school shop, customers are mainly students,is closed few the holidays. a.which b.whose c.when d.where4. mary was much kinder to jack than she was to the others, , of course, made all the others upset. a. who b. which c. what d. that5. i walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. a.which b. where c. who d.that6. ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a t-shirt,_is a stupid thing to do in such weather. a. this b. that c. what d. which7.the prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination. a. that b. which c. whose d. what8. english is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of_ uses it somewhat differently. a. which b. what c. them d. those9. a bank is the place _they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain . a. when b. that c. where d. there10. julie was good at german, french and russian, all of _ she spoke fluently. a.who b. whom c. which d. that 11. whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator , _ it will keep for two or three weeks. a. when b. which c. where d. while12.the old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other. a. theyb. wherec. whatd. that13. this is the most important chapter _ we should pay attention to. a. whom b. which c. that d. what14. he talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. a. which b. that c. who d. when15._ we know now, bats comes out only at night. a. as b. which c. that d. what16. john got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. a. as b. that c. what d. who17. is this the house _shakespare was born? a. at which b. which c. at where d. in which18. in the dark street, there wasnt a single person _she could turn for help. a. that b. who c. from whom d. to whom19. mr green has two daughters, both of _are doctors. a. them b. whom c. who d. that20. i like to live in the house _the windows face south. a. which b. of which c. whose d. where21.those _ have any questions please put up your hands. a. which b. that c. whom d. who22anyone_ breaks the law will be punished. a. whoever b. whom c. who d. no matter who23. i dont like _you speak to her. a. the way b. the way in that c. the way which d. the way of which24. can you tell me the name of the factory in _you once worked? a. what b. where c.which d. that25. in this game, our team got 28gold medals, _were won by women. a.18