作文模版应用文文体

一、信函的格式英文书信是典型的应用文写作，我们在四、六级作文中所能涉及到的各种应用文基本上全部都是书信的写作。英文书信大抵可分为私人信函与公务信函两大类。公务信函一般为单位之间或单位与个人之间就某些非个人事务而往来的信件。私人信函则是亲朋好友之间就个人事务、情感交流而往来的信件。公务信函比较讲究格式和语体。 信函的写作主要涉及信函必须遵循的特殊格式，另外英文信函还讲究个“A、B、C”。A即Accuracy-准确，B即Brevity-简洁，C即Clarity清晰。英文信函的格式。英文书信通常由七个部分组成。它们是信封、信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结尾套语和署名，有时候还会带有附件。以下我们就来介绍一下书信写作格式上的要求以及各个部分具体所要写到的内容。一、信笺的写法信笺包括： 1、信头：信头是指写信人的地址和写信日期， 一般写在或打在第一面信纸的右上角，先写地址再写日期，地址的写法是从小到大，先写门牌号、路号，再写区名、市名、省名，最后写国名。时间的写法对英国人和美国人而言是不同的。英国人习惯按日、月、年的顺序写，而美国人习惯按月、日、年的顺序写。例如：英式：1st October，1999美式：October 1，1999在使用前一种形式时，月和年之间的逗号可用可不用，但是在后一种形式中，必需要使用逗号。信头的写法有缩进式和齐头式。缩进式每行开头向右缩进一两个字母；齐头式左边对齐排列，如下所示：1）缩进式Wang Ming Dept. of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 Liaoning Province P. R. China2）齐头式Wang MingDept. of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116023Liaoning ProvinceP. R. China2、信内地址：信内地址要写出收信人的姓名和地址。一般给比较生疏的亲友的信和公事信件要写出信内地址，而熟悉朋友可以省去这一步骤。信内地址写出在日期下一两行的左上角，第一行写收信人的称呼姓名，然后写出地址。地址也是从小到大写出，也分缩进式和齐头式两种。例如：1）缩进式 The President Oxford University England2）齐头式Jiang Bin64Heping RoadP.R.China3、称呼：称呼是对收信人的称谓。在信内地址下一两行处顶格写起，自成一行。末尾用逗号或冒号。（1）当给一位熟悉的人写信时可以用Dear 或是My Dear。在英国，My Dear 比Dear亲切，而在美国，Dear比My Dear 亲切。（2）当给一位你不知婚否的女性写信时，可以用Ms.，这是指“女士”。（3）在给不熟悉的人写信时，可以用Dear sir, Dear Madam, Dear sirs, Gentleman 等等。4、正文：正文是一封信的主体部分。通常在称呼的下一行写出。正文也可采用齐头式或缩进式的方法。齐头式是反映每段开头一行和后面行并齐。缩进式是指每段的第一行向右缩进几个字母。信笺讲究简洁、效率。开头几句简单地寒暄后就不如正题，在结尾处要有祝愿和敬语。常用的开头语有： I have received your letter of July Ist. 7月1 日来信已经收悉。 I have the pleasure to tell you that .很高兴告诉你。 I am very much delighted to receive your letter. 非常高兴收到你的来信。 It is my honor to inform you that 很荣幸告诉你。常用的结束套话有： I am looking forward to hearing from you 盼早日回信。 Wish best regards. 祝好。 Thank you for your help 感谢你的帮助！ Wish my best wishes for your success. 祝你成功。 Wishing you a happy holiday. 祝假日愉快！ Hoping to hear from you soon. 希望能尽快收到你的回信。5、结尾客套：指写信人的谦称。正文下方23行从中间偏右处开始书写。常用的谦称客套有（需大写首字母）:Yours Faithfully或Faithfully Yours， Yours Truly或Truly Yours，Yours Sincerely或Sincerely（Yours），Yours Ever，Yours Respectfully等。结束语在正文之后隔一两行的偏右方开始写出。开头字母用大写，以后的字母用小写，最后一个词后面用逗句。常用的结束语有： 一般非正式的关系：Yours sincerely,Yours truly, Yours faithfully,Most sincerely,Faithfully yours, 亲密的关系：Love,Yours love,Yours Affectionately,With love, Lovingly yours,Yours ever, 上级和长者：Yours respectfully,Faithfully yours,6、署名：指写信人最后落笔。位于结尾套语下方。在结束语的下方是签名，先手写出，再打出来。如果收信人不认识写出信人，可以在署名前用括号标出Mr.、Miss或Ms。在名称下面可注上头衔。如：Yours sincerely,Lucy Blake (手写)Lucy Blake (Miss)(打印)Sales Manager、附言（Postscript）,附件（Enclosure）在信件正文写作时可能漏掉了某些事，或临时发生了某事需要补充时，可以在信下面左下方写出上P.S.如果随信有附件可在爱左下端注明。如：Enclosure:1.Invoice(发票) 2.Resume(个人简历)范文：公务信函求职信（信头、信内地址略）: Dear Mr.Cavendish， I saw your advertisement in the local paper this evening，and I wonder if you would consider me for a job as a waiter this summer. I am seventeen years old and at divsent am studying for my A levels in English and economics.When I leave school，I will hope to take a course in hotel management.During the school holidays last summer，I worked as a waiter at the Central Hotel.The head waiter there，Mr.Macintosh，will be pleased to send you a recommendation for me. I would divfer to work in your hotel in Filey because it is near my home. However，if there isnt any job there for me，perhaps you could consider me for the Scarborough Hotel. I would be pleased if you will send me information about the pay and conditions of the job to be offered.I will be free to begin work in the fourth week of July when the school holidays start. Yours Sincerely， Peter Tuck二、.信封的写法 Li Hua (发信人姓名) Stamp (邮票) 78, Heping Street (地址) Beijing, 100029 (城市 邮编) P. R. China (国名) Mr. John McLaren (收信人姓名) 16 Jelong Road (地址) Footscray 310 (区 邮编) Melbouren (城市) Australia (国名) 二、五个供大家参考的小例子上面介绍了英文信函的主要组成部分、格式以及各部分的写作特点，以下五种常见英文书信的范例，供大家参考。、祝贺信当朋友有了喜事，如结婚、高升、获奖的时候，你可以向他写出一封祝贺信，表达你的嘱咐与恭贺。例文Mechanical Engineering Department Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116023Liaoning,ChinaNovember28,1999Mr. WangXimingMechanical Engineering DepartmentMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, Mass. 02139U.S.A.Dear Mr. Wang,Thank you for your letter of November 3,1999. I am sorry not to have written back earlier but time seems to pass so quickly.I learnt from your letter that you had received you masters degree. I would like to congratulate you on your splendid success. In this letter I am bringing you a piece of good news：your wife gave a birth of a boy last week and she ins in good health now. The baby weighed eight jin at birth. Yesterday my wife and some other neighbors went to the hospital to see your wife and to congratulate her on the birth. She told them that she had been nursed with the best care since she was in hospital.Now Im taking the Visiting School Test in Beijing. If I pass the examination, Ill leave for America soon. If not, Ill wait for another chance. Ive never been to the U.S.A., and I know little about the institutions and customs there. I hope that you will write to me and tell me more about them.With best regards to you and your classmates. Yours sincerely, Zhang Jiao2 、感谢信当别人帮了你一个忙时，你应该给他写封信，以示感激。例文Dear John:Thank you very much for the nice birthday divsent you have sent me! I have been longing for a dictionary for a long time. It will surly be very helpful to my study.Its very nice of you to remember my birthday. Ill make good use of the dictionary and Ill think of you with gratitude and affection every time I use it. Love, Sally3、邀请信当邀请某位朋友参加活动，如交游、宴会时，可以写一封邀请信。信的语气应该谦逊，热情。例文Dear Mr. Clark:We are wondering if you and Mrs. Clark want to have supper with us on Friday, January 21st at seven oclock?James and I are looking forward with great pleasure to seeing you and Mrs.Clark. We do hope you can come. Sincerely yours, Lucy Wheeler4、申请信当申请一项工作，或是申请一个学校留学时，都应该使用申请信。申请信应该简洁、明确、如实地反映你的才能、成绩、愿望和目标。例文下面是一封申请留学的书信：The Department of Civil EngineeriDalian University of TechnologyDalian 11602Liaoning ProvinceP.R.ChinaNovember 20,1999Prof. Steeve HunterThe Dept. Of Civil Engineering UniversityNew Your, NY 10017U.S.ADear Professor Steeve Hunter, I have for many years cherished the hope of studying civil engineering under your personal guidance as a graduate student in your university, to which your name has added so much luster. I was enrolled to study civil engineering in the Department of Civil Engineering Of Zhejiang University in September 1992.I graduated from Zhejiang University in July 1996. And ever since my graduation, I have been teaching in the Department of Civil Engineering of Dalian University of Technology. If you could tell the necessany procedure of taking the graduate course of your department, I will be very grateful to you. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. Sincerely yours, ZhaoHui(手写) ZhaoHui（打印）5、个人简历当我们需要申请某份工作的时候，个人简历就是比不可少的了。个人简历是新大纲上提到的另一种应用文写作题型。简历有普通简历和标准格式简历两种，两种简历格式不同但作用完全一样，都是为了让他人了解自己的年龄、地址、家庭背景、婚姻状况、教育、专业、工作及其他经历等情况。简历要求别人看了能相信你的自我介绍，正是为了提高简历的可信度，写简历的语言要求简洁明了、朴实，忌用华丽的词藻。 普通简历与一般的自荐信正文相类似，全部个人信息通过一段文字表述。 例: An Applicants Resume The following is my resume: My name is Ho Ping.I was born on May10，1956，in Wujiang City，Jiangsu Province.My father is a professor of chemistry and my mother，a doctor in charge.I received a very good home education，both moral and intellectual，in my childhood.During the six years in the middle school，I was particularly interested in and fairly good at science subjects，In1977，I was admitted into the Civil Engineering Department of Southeast Polytechnic University，where I stayed for four years，majoring in bridge building.Upon graduation with honors in1981，I got a job as an assistant in a research institute.I loved my work and devoted all I had to it.Urged by a strong determination to improve myself in basic knowledge and theories，I began to study in my spare time all the courses required by the graduate program.Three years of hard work has yielded some great progress.Now I seem to have got a better grasp of the fundamentals of my speciality. The authorities of the institute in which I am working have always been showing utmost solicitute for my growth and development.To improve my English they sent me to a special English class training personnel to go abroad for advanced studies.What with my hard work and diligence，and what with the loving care and sincere help of the teachers，I made mighty advances in my English.I am sure after a few weeks of adaptation and familiarization I will have no difficulty in functioning on a daily basis in an Englishspeaking society or in participating fully in graduate studies. Since my childhood，I have always been trying to cultivate a good character，paying attention to good manners and noble ideas.I frequently examine myself as to whether I am honest and faithful to friends，respectful and responsive to teachers and superiors，loyal and devoted to duties.I put strict demands on my speech and behavior in my daily activities. Besides，I am physically strong，which owes greatly to constant training and exercise.It is true that health is the sure guarantee for ones success in career. I have，of course，weaknesses and shortcomings，conspicuous among which are impatience with difficulties and hesitation in making some decisions.I consider them my bitter enemies，which I must make every effort to overcome. Now，I am applying for admission to the Graduate School of Civil Engineering of Yoyo University in the U.S.A. If accepted，I plan to stay there for three years leading to a Ph.D.degree.I hope my further studies as a graduate will help improve my service for my country and its people. 三、写好热门信函求职信的七个步骤求职信分为推荐信和自荐信两种，写求职信可按下列七个步骤进行。第一步：介绍消息来源介绍消息来源实际上是求职信的开篇交待句，它可使求职信显得自然、顺畅；而不介绍消息来源，会使收信人感到意外、突然，文章也缺乏过渡、照应，本文消息来源可作如下介绍：Dear manager, I learned from the newspaper that your company wanted to hire an English translator.第二步：表明求职心愿介绍完消息来源后，应向收信人表明自己的求职心愿，即写信的目的，本文求职心愿可作如下介绍：Im interested in this job very much. Id like to get this job. 第三步：介绍个人简历某单位需要新人，求职人也有求职心愿，但这并不意味着这项工作非你莫属。如果你没有干好这项工作的经历、实力，也是难以适应的。因此，介绍个人简历是必不可少的。本文个人简历可介绍如下：Now Id like to introduce myself to you. My name is Li Ping. Im 30 years old. Im 180 cm tall. Im healthy. I like swimming, singing and dancing in my spare time. I graduated from Beijing University in 1994.Then,I went to work in Nantong Middle School. In 1996，I began to work in Suzhou Middle School and I have worked there until now. 第四步：摆出求职优势仅有一定的工作经历而没有自身的优势和特长，也很难求得称心如意的工作。因此，求职时应表明自己除了具有一定的工作经历之外，还具有一定的优势和特长，这样才能稳操胜券。本文可通过如下方法摆出自己的优势：I work hard and I can get along well with others. Im good at English and especially my spoken English is very good. Ive translated many Chinese books into English. I can understand Japanese and I can talk to foreigners in Japanese freely. 第五步：提出获职打算丰富的工作经验，一定的优势和特长，只能代表过去和现在的情况，如果获职后自以为心愿已了，从此高枕无忧，马虎从事，那也是得不到用人单位认可的。显然表明获职后努力工作的决心是感动用人单位的领导从而顺利谋得此项工作的重要一环。本文获职打算可作如下介绍：If you agree with me, Ill work hard and try to be a good translator. 第六步：请求答复联系如果单位领导同意了你的求职要求，你必然要请他和你联系，以便你及时做好准备，到用人单位应聘或报到。为准确起见，请求答复联系时你还应当提供你的通讯地址、邮政编码、电话号码、电子信箱等。本文答复联系的内容可作如下介绍：If you agree with me, please write a letter to me or phone me. I live at No.1 Renmin Ro