主谓一致t Word 文档.doc

语法形式上的一致。主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如： Jane and Mary look healthy and strong The number of mistakes was surprising 2意义上一致 1) 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 例如： The crowd were running for their lives 单数形式表示复数意义的词有people，police，cattle，militia等。 2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。 例如： The news was very exciting 形复意单的单词有news，works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics，mathematics等。 3就近原则。即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，eitheror，neither.nor，not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。例如： Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this 4应注意的几个问题。 A)名词作主语 1)某些集体名词(如family，team等)作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： The whole family are watching TV His family is going to have a long journey 这类名词有：audienee，class，club，committee，company， crew，crowd，enemy，government，group，party，public，team，etc. 名词population一词的使用情况跟上述类似。例如： The population in China is very large，and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. “a group(crowd)of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。 2)某些集体名词(如people，police，cattle，militia等)只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。例如： The police are searching for him 3)单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。例如： A sheep is over there, Some sheep are over there 4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。例如： My Uncles is not far from here The doctors is on the side of the street 常见的省略名词有：the bakers，the barbers，the carpenters，the Zhangs，etc, 表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语 动词往往用复数。例如： Richardsons have a lot of leather goods to sell 5)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。例如： Five minutes is enough to do this exercise The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago Three years has passed 6)不定代词each，every，no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如： Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future 7)如果主语有more than one.或many a构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如： Many a ship has been damaged in the storm More than one student has seen the film， 是，在“more+复数名词+than one结构之后，谓语词一般用复数形式。例如： More members than one are against your plan 8)一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具主语时；谓语通常用复数形式，如scissors，chopsticks，compasses，shoes，trousers，clothes，glasses等。但如果主语由“a kind of ，a pair of，a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如： A pair of shoes was on the desk . 9)this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书)，其谓语用单数；短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kinds of men(口语)(这一类人)，但this kind of men的谓语用单数， men of this kind和these kinds of men的谓语用复数。all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。例如： Men of this kind are dangerous This kind of men is dangerous 10)复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，作单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means(方法)，works(工厂)，species(种类)，Chinese，Japanese等。例如： The (This) glass works was set up in l970 (这家玻璃厂建于1970年。) The(These)glass works are near the railway station (这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。) 当它们前面有a，such a，this，that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all，such，these，those修饰时，谓语用复数。但“means，“no means，“the means等词前没有以上修饰词时，可作单数，也可用作复数。 注：work作“工作”解时是不可数名词，作“著作”解时是可数名词，有单复数之分。 11)如果名词词组中心词是all，most；half，rest，part等词语，表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。例如： All of the water is gone。 All of my classmates work hard 12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture B)由连接词连接的名词作主语 13)用and或both.and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如： Walking and riding are good exercises Plastics and rubber never rot 但是，并列主语如果指的，是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用：单数形式，这时，and后面的名词没有冠词。例如： A knife and forkis on the table Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit The girls teacher and friend is a young doctor Truth and honesty is the best policy。 14)当主语后面跟有as well as，as much as，no less than, along with，with, like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如： The room with its furniture was rented The teacher as well as the students was excited 15)以or，either.，neither.nor，not onlybut also等连接的名词(代词)作主语，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。例如： Neither you nor I nor anybody else knows anything about it Either you or he is to go Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room C)代词作主语 16)名词型物主代词后的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。例如： Ours(Our Party) is a great party our shoes are black，mine (=my shoes) are brown 17)such，the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。例如： Such are his wordsSuch is our plan 8)关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如： Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun Those who want to go please youre your names here 19)疑问代词who，：what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单复数。例如： What produce(s)heat? Which is (are) your book(s)? Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu 20)不定代词any，either，neither，none，all some，more等作主语时，有以下两种情况： 单读用作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。例如： All are presentlets begin the meeting Now all has been changed either，neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。 后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。 例如： None of them has(have)seen thefilm Do(es) any of you know his address? D)分数、量词作主语 21)某数词单纯表示数字作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式，但是当基数词表示的不是数值而是数量时，谓语动词可用复数形式。例如： The billion is a large number Twelve were boys. 英语中算术式作主语时，若是减法或除法算术式，谓语通常用单数形式；若是加法和乘法，谓语动词有时也可用复数形式。例如： Three times five is/are fifteen Two and (plus) two is/are four. Twelve divided by four is three Three taken from eight leaves five 在提问加、减、乘、除得数时，如用how much，谓语动词多用单数形式；如用how many，谓语动词多用复数形式。例如： How many are two times five? How much is eight divided by two? 22)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成短语，以及由“some，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a(1arge)quantity of，the rest of，a heap of，heaps of+名词”构成短语时，其名词可以是可数名词或不可数名词。作主语时，采取就近一致的原则，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中of后面的名词是中心词，而名词前面的量词是修饰语。例如： A quantity of blouses were on sale A large quantity of beer was sold Plenty of English books are on the shelf Lots of damage was caused by fire Three-fifths of the workers here are women About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water 23)A(great)number of，many；a few修饰可数复数名词， 其短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数；a little，much，a great deal of，a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如： ； A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time A great deal of trouble lies before us A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest 24)(large)quantities of修饰可数 复数名词或不可数名词其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。例如： Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge 25)The number+可数复数名词，the amount of+不可数名词，the quantity of+可数复数名词或不可数名词构成的短 语，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，例如： The amount of money is great. The quantity of heat in the office has not been increased The quantity of books in the library is amazing The number of students in our school is increasing 26)表示数量的one and a half 后，名词要用复数形式。但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： One and a half bananas is left on the table. 27)half of，(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。 E)名词化的形容词作主语， 28)如果主语由“the+形容词或过去分词)”结构充当时。谓语通常用复数。这类词有；the brave，the poor，the rich， the blind，the young，the old, the sick，the dead，the deaf and dumb，the oppressed，the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。例如： The departed(死者) was a well-known engineer The blind study in special schools 这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man，person或表示人的单数连用。如：all old man，a rich person，the(a)wounded soldier F)从句作主语 29)由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数；所指的具体内容若是复数意义，谓语动词一般用复数形式。例如： What we need are doctors What we need is more time 30）在复数名词引导的从句结构中，关系代词的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。例如： This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. 但是，当之前有等修饰时，关系代词的先行词是，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。例如； she was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，从近年来中考的试题来看，对主谓一致的考查主要集中在以下内容：1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数。2、由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：The poet and writer has come.3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.4、主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，as well as ，together with along with，like 等引导的介词短语时 ，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。例如：The women with two children is my aunt .注意：主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语，谓语要与主语保持一致。Mr Smith , followed by his wife and three children , has just arrived.5、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。6、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；看作每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。 7、 当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 纽约时报8、 news ，maths，physics ，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数.9、“the +形容词”(如the poor ，the rich ，the young， the old ， the dead ，the sick，the brave 等)作主语，谓语动词往往用复数10、由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。11、有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。注意：如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：Here are some new pairs of shoes.My new pair of socks is on the bed.12、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。13、不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone.14、疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。Who is your brother?Who are League members?15、分数(百分数)+of +名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。 但要注意population 一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。Part of the work has been done by us .Ten percent of the apples were bad .The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population are peasants .16、half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：17、由what 引出的从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。18、由连词notbut, or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。19、There be句型、以here开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 20、a number of后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。 21、“one or two +复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数。22、 many a 单数名词 (许多) ； more than one 单数名词(不止一)作主语，尽管意思是复数，但谓语动词还是用单数。注意： “more than +基数词复数名词”结构或“more 复数名词 than one做主语时，谓语用复数。 Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.More than twenty students are playing football on the playground.More members than one are against your plan. 23、this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书)，作主语，谓语用单数；this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(这类人，口语中用)，但this kind of men的谓语用单数，men of this kind=these kind of men的谓语用复数。all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数。This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.24、在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。注意：在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only， 就用复数形式。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.He was the only one of the students who was late for school.【技巧点拨】中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择，完型填空，翻译句子，单句改错，短文改错、同义句转换，时态填空等。做这类题时，必须找出句子的真正主语，然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。例 1：Each of the students_ a dictionary.(2004资阳)A. have B. is C. are D. has 剖析：此题意思是“每个学生都有一本字典”，所以先排除B、C 。句中of students作each的定语，真正的主语是each，故又排除A 。答案：D例 2： How time flies! Ten years _ passed. (2004天津)A. have B. has C. is D. are剖析：Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。答案：B例 3： Not only his parents but also his brother _to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. (2004南通)A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone剖析：由not onlybut also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词根据就近原则同相邻的主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。答案：D例 4：Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square.(2004包头)A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deersC. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers剖析：句子的主语a number of deer。当a number of + 名词作主语时，谓语用复数。因此首先排除C、D，而deer单复数相同，所以B也不正确。答案：A例 5：The Smiths _ sending e-mails _ letters.because it is faster.(2005云南)A.prefer, to writing B.prefer，to writeC.prefers，to writing D.prefers，to write剖析：姓氏名词用复数且前面加上定冠词时，表示一家人或一对夫妇。作主语时，谓语用复数。再如：The zhous live upstairs.(姓周的那家住在楼上)。此题答案应在A、B中选，而短语prefer to中的to是一个介词，故又排除B。答案：A例 6：Everyone except Bill and Jim _there when the meeting began.(2005黑龙江)A. was B. is C. are D. were剖析：根据主、从复合句时态一般要一致的原则，本题首先可排除B、C，而主句主语含有except等时，其谓语的单复数取决于except前边的名词的单复数，所以D答案也不正确。答案：A例 7：Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now.(2005重庆)A.were B.is C.are D. was剖析：根据就近原则，应排除A、C，而题中单词now表明现在，所以D也不正确。答案：B例 8：Since 2000, Nanchang has become a new city. Everything _.(2005江西)A. are changed B. was changed C. has changed D. had changed剖析：根据“不定代词作主语，谓语往往用单数”这一点，首先可以排除A答案。又由于change属于不可数名词，它没有被动语态，所以B也不正确。由since引出的一个含具体过去时间的句子，主句用现在完成时。答案：CI. 改错：1. Both paper and ink is used up.2. Eating too much are bad for your health.3.This pair of shoes are my brothers.4. Each of the boys have a dictionary.5 Every one of the students in Class Two have two books .6.I think maths are very difficult to learn.7. A large number of students has gone to work in Xingjiang.8.The mother with two children often go to the town. II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空9. _ (be) everything OK?10. Nobody _ (know) the answer to the question.11. Ten divided by two _ (be) five.12. Most of the drinking water _ (be) from the Black River.13. Not only she but also I _ (do) morning exercises every day.14. Either you or she _ (have) made a wrong decision.15. The family _(be) spending the weekend together.16. Bread and butter _ (be) her daily breakfast.17. The police _ (be) trying to catch the thief.18. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. . 选择填空。( )19.There _ many new words in Lesson One. It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isntD. are( )20. -These bananas look different and they are sweet. -Right. They _ here from Taiwan yesterday.A. was brought B. were brought C. bring D. are brought( ) 21. The Olympic Games _ held every_ years. A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five( ) 22. Look, here come some _. A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow( ) 23. The injured in the tsunami _ good care of by some medical teams. A. is taken B. are being taken C. are taking D. is being taken( ) 24. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that _ us excited. A. makes B. is made C. make D. are made( ) 25. On the closet _ a pair of trousers his parents bought for his birthday. A. lying B. lies C. lie D. is laid( ) 26. Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out. A. is B. was C. are D. were( ) 27. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south; the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries. A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are( ) 28. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were( ) 29. -When are you going to Kumming for your holidays? -I havent decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK.A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also( ) 30._ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China. A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B( ) 31.The paper for books and new papers _ made of wood. A. are B. is C. has D. have( ) 32. Not only my brother but also I_ good at painting. Both of us _good painters. A. are.are B. am.are C. is.is D. are.is( ) 33. _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each( ) 34. Are there any _ on the farm? A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep( )35. One-third of the area _ covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees _ been planted. A. are; have B. is; has C. is; have D. are; has ( ) 36. The number of teachers in our college _ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school _ from the countryside. A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; is ( ) 37. What _ the population of China? One-third of the population _ workers here. A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is ( ) 38. Not only he but also we _ right. He as well as we _ right. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are( )39. What hed like _ a digital watch. What hed like _ textbooks. A. are; are B. is; is C. is; are D. are; is( )40. My shirt _ white and my trousers _ blue. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are( ) 41.-Two months _ quite a long time.-Yes. Im afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were( ) 42.He is one of the boys who _ here on time. He is the only one of the boys who _ here on time. A. has come; have come B. have come; has come C. has come; has come D. have come; have come ( )43. Either you or he _ interested in playing chess. _ you or he fond of music at present? A. are; Are B. is; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is( )44. Many a professor _ looking forward to visiting Germany now. Many scientists _ studied animals and plants in the last two years. A. is; have B. is; has C. are; have D. is; are ( )45. A knife and a fork _ on the table. A knife and fork _ on the table. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are ( )46. Her family _ much larger than mine four years ago. Her family _ dancing and singing when I came in last night. A. were; was B. was; were C. was; was D. were; were ( )