大学公共医学英语-第一单元四级词汇及知识点.doc

Unit 1 You Can Be Healthy and Happy一四级词汇总结1. Concern: vt. 1）. (不用被动语态)关于2）. 涉及,关系到;影响到。 The news concerns your brother. 3）. 使担心;使不安 (+about/for)The boys poor health concerned his parents. He is concerned for her safety. 4）使关心 (+about/with)He was very concerned about her.名词n. 1）. 关心的事,重要的事CThats no concern of mine. 2）. 担心,挂念;关怀(+about/for)Andrew expressed his concern. 2. decline： vi. 下降,下跌;减少;衰退,衰落As one grows older ones memory declines. Unemployment declined to 4 percent last month. vt. 婉拒;谢绝+to-vShe declined their invitation. She declined to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasnt feeling well. n.下降;减少There is a decline in real wages. 实际工资有所减少。 3.eliminate： vt. 1）. 排除,消除,消灭(+from)Our goal is to eliminate poverty. 2）. (比赛中)淘汰(+from)Our team was eliminated from the competition in the first round. 3）. 杀人4.discount： n. 折扣;打折扣We give a special discount of 10 per cent for cash. 如用现金购买,我们给予九折优待。 vt. 将.打折扣;将商品打去.折扣That store discounts all its slow-selling goods. 那家商店削价出售所有滞销货。 vi. 打折扣出售商品Many stores do not discount at all. 许多商店出售商品一概不打折扣。 5.deliver： vt. 1）. 投递;传送;运送(+to)The mailman delivered the letters promptly. 那个邮差准时地投递信件。 2）发表;讲;宣布He delivered an important report at the meeting. 3）. 给.接生;生(婴儿)She delivered twins in the evening. 6.environment： n. 环境;四周状况7.feature：n.1）. 特征,特色(+of)This is a key feature of our society. 2）. 面貌,相貌PHe could recall her features very distinctly. 他能够清晰地回想起她的容貌。 8.express： vt. 1）. 表达,陈述;Really, I hardly know how to express my gratitude. 2）. 特快发送,快运;快递3）. 榨,挤压出(+from/out of)The doctor expressed poison from her wound. 9.inherit： vt. (+from)1）. 继承(传统、遗产等)He inherited his fathers farm. 2）. 经遗传而获得(性格、特征等)Jane inherited her mothers big eyes.10.tendency：名词 n. C1）. 倾向;癖性;天分(+to/toward)+to-vHe has a tendency towards pessimism. Bob has a tendency to exaggerate things. 2）. 趋势,潮流(+to/toward)+to-vThere is a tendency towards regional cooperation. 。 11.despite： prep. 不管,尽管,任凭in spite ofHe went to work despite his illness. 12.prone:1）. 有.倾向的,易于.的F(+to)+to-vMother is prone to headaches. 2）. 倾斜的;陡的13.approach: vt. 接近,靠近He cautiously approached the house. n. 1）. 接近,靠近;即将达到U(+of)Snow announced the approach of winter. 2）. 通道,入口C(+to)3）. 方法,方式;态度C(+to)I like her approach to the problem. 14.maintain: vt. 1）.维持;保持;使继续Ann and Mary maintained their friendship for the next thirty years. 2）. 维修,保养Frank maintains his car very well. 3）. 坚持;主张;断言+(that)He maintains that he once saw a UFO. 4）. 供养,抚养;负担,支持Mr. Smith maintains his son at college. 史密斯先生供养念大学的儿子。 15.permit: vt. 允许,许可,准许They permitted her to leave. 许可证,执照Have you got a permit to fish in this lake? 16.counter: n. 柜台 计算者 计算器 I bought the watch at the jewelry counter. adv. 反方向地,相反地(+to)He acted counter to old conventions. 他的行为与旧习俗背道而驰。 a. 相反的;反对的;对立的(+to)Our neighbors opinion was counter to that of my parents. counter- 前缀 pref. 表示反对;对抗;报复(如:counterrevolution)17.contribute: vt. 1）. 捐(款);捐献,捐助(+to/towards)He contributed half of his savings to the relief fund. 2）. 贡献,提供(+to/towards)He didnt contribute one idea to the document. vi. 1）. 捐献(+to/towards)He contributed generously to the Red Cross. 他对红十字会慷慨捐助。 2）. 贡献,出力(+to/towards)He never contributes to the discussion. 他在讨论时从不发表意见。18.immune: 免疫的19.pursue: 1）. 追赶;追踪;追捕The policemen pursued the bank robbers. 2）. (疾病等)纠缠;跟随He has been pursued by misfortune. 他厄运连连。 3）.追求;向.求爱She pursued the goal of perfection in her art. 她的目标是追求艺术上的完美境界。 4）. 进行;从事;继续He has set his heart on pursuing his studies abroad. 他下决心到国外求学。 20.reinforce： 1）.增援,加强The general reinforced the fort with more troops. 将军派更多的军队增援要塞。 2）. 增加,补充3）. 加固4）. 强化,加深;使更具说服力Newspapers like this tend to reinforce peoples prejudices. 21.enhance: 提高,增加(价值,品质,吸引力等)Beautiful coloured illustrations enhanced the book. 漂亮的彩色插图使这本书更具吸引力。 二文章知识点1. Health, as is known 非限定性定语从句，as可换成 which，但不可用that 2. turn out to be 结果是 3. born healthy 天生的 Everybody is born equal(独立宣言) 4. lead a life 生活 过日子 5. in detail 详细的 6. be succeed in doing 成功做某事 manage to do 经过一番努力之后取得成功7. diminish 降低 减少 8. contrary to widespread belief 与普遍理念相对的是 9. succumb to 屈服于 死于 give in 妥协 屈服 10.many more of us than now do can succumb not to illness,but merely to old age: many more of us succmb not to illness but succmb to old age11. asas not so as12. die young as late in life as possible 尽量将健康的状态保持到生命的最后一刻 13. despite in spite of 尽管14. driven 驱使 压迫Driven approach to lifes task 紧迫的生活方式15.prone to 有某种趋势的 易受影响的Susceptible to predisposed to16ego 自我弗洛伊德心理学：idle本我 ego自我 super-ego超我17.contribute to result in lead to 导致 引起18. due to thanks to because of 由于 归因于19. in infancy 婴幼儿时期（一般指3岁以前）20. Doctors may fix the broken plaster on ceiling,but not the chronic leak that caused it:Doctors can just fix the broken plaster on ceiling, but they can not fix the chronic leak.21. make a difference :有关系，有影响，有重要性 取得成功make no difference：没有关系，没有重要性 It wont make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 22. take responsibility for 为.负责任 You have to take responsibility for your action. 23. regular irregular regulation规则 条例24.be armed with 以 武装自己25. call into play发生作用26Bear in mind 铭记三 课后小结1. turn out to be turn out Dont worry, everything will turn out to be fine.The guy we talked to turned out to be his second cousin.It is turned out that she didnt get the job. 2. concern: vt. to whom it may (the beginning of a letter that anyone may read) 敬启者（写在正式信函开头的一句套话，用于写信人不知道收信人的姓名时）These problems s all of us.to make someone feel worried or upset It s me that ，这令我担忧。 about / over 3. contrary to widespread belief contrary to popular belief contrary to what you might think contrary to expectation4. succumb: vi. （to sth.） “屈从，放弃抵抗，抵挡不住（攻击、诱惑等）”；医学中指“病情加重，死于He finally ed to Lucys charms and agreed to her request. His career was cut short when he ed to cancer.5. -hood “集体”,“团体”：knighthood “(同等性质或状况等的)成员”：brotherhood “状态”,“状况”：likelihood “时期”：childhood -ship “身份”、“地位”、 “职业”：governorship “情况”,“状态”,“性质”：hardship, friendship “之间的关系”：fellowship6. 倾向于be prone toMother is prone to headaches. 倾斜的;陡的be predisposed to be liable to 7. contribute vt. 1. 捐(款);捐献,捐助(+to/towards)He contributed half of his savings to the relief fund. 2. 贡献,提供(+to/towards)He didnt contribute one idea to the document. vi. 1. 捐献(+to/towards)He contributed generously to the Red Cross. 他对红十字会慷慨捐助。 2. 贡献,出力(+to/towards)He never contributes to the discussion. 他在讨论时从不发表意见。. 8. cripple v. He was crippled in the war.9. counter:. 柜台计算者 计算器I bought the watch at the jewelry counter. adv. 反方向地,相反地(+to)He acted counter to old conventions. 他的行为与旧习俗背道而驰。Our neighbors opinion was counter to that of my parents. counter-前缀表示反对;对抗;报复(如:counterrevolution)One way of ing these problems would be to redistribute wealth among the poor10. decline： vi. 下降,下跌;减少;衰退,衰落As one grows older ones memory declines. Unemployment declined to 4 percent last month. vt. 婉拒;谢绝+to-vShe declined their invitation. She declined to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasnt feeling well. n. 下降;减少There is a decline in real wages. 实际工资有所减少。 11.eliminate： vt. 1. 排除,消除,消灭(+from)Our goal is to eliminate poverty. 2. (比赛中)淘汰(+from)Our team was eliminated from the competition in the first round. 3. 杀人12.discount： n. 折扣;打折扣We give a special discount of 10 per cent for cash. 如用现金购买,我们给予九折优待。 vt. 将.打折扣;将商品打去.折扣That store discounts all its slow-selling goods. 那家商店削价出售所有滞销货。 vi. 打折扣出售商品Many stores do not discount at all. 许多商店出售商品一概不打折扣。 13.deliver： vt. 1. 投递;传送;运送(+to)The mailman delivered the letters promptly. 那个邮差准时地投递信件。 2发表;讲;宣布He delivered an important report at the meeting. 3. 给.接生;生(婴儿)She delivered twins in the evening. 14.feature：n.1. 特征,特色(+of)This is a key feature of our society. 2. 面貌,相貌PHe could recall her features very distinctly. 他能够清晰地回想起她的容貌。 15.express： vt. 1. 表达,陈述;Really, I hardly know how to express my gratitude. 2. 特快发送,快运;快递3. 榨,挤压出(+from/out of)The doctor expressed poison from her wound. 16.inherit： vt. (+from)1. 继承(传统、遗产等)He inherited his fathers farm. 2. 经遗传而获得(性格、特征等)Jane inherited her mothers big eyes.17.tendency：名词 n. 1. 倾向;癖性;天分(+to/toward)+to-vHe has a tendency towards pessimism. Bob has a tendency to exaggerate things. 2. 趋势,潮流(+to/toward)+to-vThere is a tendency towards regional cooperation. 。 18.despite： prep. 1. 不管,尽管,任凭in spite ofHe went to work despite his illness. 19.approach: vt. 接近,靠近He cautiously approached the house. n. 1. 接近,靠近;即将达到U(+of)Snow announced the approach of winter. 2. 通道,入口C(+to)3. 方法,方式;态度C(+to)I like h