高考介词、连词 牛津高阶全解释.docx

about 1 / baut; bat/ adv (also esp US around) a little more or less than; a little before or after; approximately 比.稍多或稍少; 在.稍前或稍後; 大约; 左右: It costs about 10. 这需10英镑左右. * Hes about the same height as you. 他大约像你那麽高. * She drove for about ten miles. 她开车行驶了大约十英里. * They waited for about an hour. 他们等了大约一个小时. (infml 口) nearly 将近: Im (just) about ready. 我（就）快准备好了. (infml 口) (in understatements 用於含蓄的言语): Ive had just about enough, ie quite enough. 我已经差不多够了（十分够了）. * Hes been promoted, and about time too, ie it ought to have happened earlier. 他获提升了, 也差不多到时候了（早就该提升了）. (idm 习语) thats about it/the size of it (infml 口) that is how I see it or assess it 大致如此大小差不多（据我所看到或估计到的）.about 2 / baut; bat/ adv part (in senses 1, 2 and 3 esp Brit; in these senses also, esp US, around123义尤用於英式英语; 这些词义, 尤於美式英语, 也可用around) (a) (indicating movement) here and there, in many directions; all around （表示动向）到处, 各处, 处处: The children were rushing about. 孩子们到处乱闯. * The boys were climbing about on the rocks. 男孩子都在岩石上乱爬呢. (b) (indicating position) here and there (in a place) （表示位置）（在某一地方）到处; 各处: books lying about on the floor 散置地上的书 * people sitting about on the grass 在草地上各处坐着的人们. in circulation; moving around 在传播中; 在流动中; 在周围活动: There was nobody about, ie Nobody was to be seen. 周围没有人. * Theres a lot of flu about, ie Many people have flu. 有许多人患流感. * Hell soon be about again, eg after an illness. 他不久就又能四处走动了（如病愈後）. somewhere near; not far off 附近; 不远: Shes somewhere about. 她就在附近. facing around 向後转: put the ship about, ie so as to face in the opposite direction 使船掉头（转成相反的方向） * Its the wrong way about. 刚好相反了. * A,bout turn! ie Turn to face the opposite way (as a military command). 向後转! （军事口令）.# a,bout-turn (US a,bout-face) n 1 turn made so as to face the opposite direction 向後转. 2 (fig 比喻) complete change of opinion, policy, etc 意见 政策等完全改变: These new measures indicate an about-turn in government policy. 这些新措施表明政府的政策彻底改变了.about 3 / baut; bat/ prep (in senses 1, 2 and 5 US around; Brit also around in these senses 125义, 美式英语用around; 这些词义, 英式英语也可用around) (a) (indicating movement) here and there in (a place); in many directions in （表示动向）在.到处, 在.各处: walking about the town 在城里到处走 * travelling about the world 环游世界 * Look about you. 看看你的周围. (b) (indicating position, state, etc) here and there in (a place); at points throughout （表示位置 状况等）在（某地）到处; 在所有各点: papers strewn about the room 散置於室内各处的文件. near to (a place); not far off from 在.附近; 离.不远: Shes somewhere about the place. 她就在附近. * I dropped the key somewhere about here. 我把钥匙掉在这儿附近了. on the subject of (sb/sth); in connection with; concerning or regarding 关於; 对於; 有关: a book about flowers 关於花卉的书 * Tell me about it. 把这件事告诉我. * What is he so angry about? 他对什麽事这麽生气? * He is careless about his personal appearance. 他对自己的仪表毫不在意. =Usage 见所附用法. concerned or occupied with (sth) 从事於; 忙於: And while youre about it., ie while youre doing that. 在你做那件事的时候. * Mind what youre about, ie Be careful. 注意你正在做的事（小心）. at a time near to; at approximately 将近.的时候; 大约在.: He arrived (at) about ten oclock. 他大约（在）十点钟到的. (idm 习语) be about to do sth intend to do sth immediately; be on the point of doing sth 即将; 正要: As I was about to say when you interrupted me. 我正要说的时候, 你插嘴了. * Were about to start. 我们即将动身. * Im not about to admit defeat, ie I have no intention of doing so. 我还不想认输. how/what about.? (a) (used when asking for information or to get sbs opinion 用以询问消息或徵求意见): What about his qualifications (ie Is he qualified) for the job? 他有资格做这件工作吗? (b) (used when making a suggestion 用以提出建议): How about going to France for our holidays? 咱们到法国去度假好吗?NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Both about and on can mean on the subject of. *about和on均意为关於. A book, film or lecture on Chinese art, education or prehistory suggests a serious, academic presentation. 在关於中国的艺术 教育或史前时期的书 电影或演讲中, 用on意味着具有严肃的学术性的内容. A book, discussion or TV programme about China, schools or dinosaurs is of more general interest and more informal. 在关於中国 学校或恐龙的书 讨论会或电视节目中, 用about则更具一般性和通俗性.above 1 / bv; bv/ adv at or to a higher point; overhead 在较高处; 到较高处; 在头顶上方: My bedroom is immediately above. 我的卧室就在上面. * Put the biscuits on the shelf above. 把饼乾放到上面的架子上. * Seen from above, the fields looked like a geometrical pattern. 从高处往下看, 那些农田像是几何图案. * A voice called down to us from above. 从上面传来叫我们的声音. earlier or further back (in a book, an article, etc) （书 文章等的）前文, 上文: in the above paragraph 在上一段 * As was stated above. 如上所述. * See above, page 97 见前文, 第97页. (rhet 修辞) in or to heaven 在天上; 到天上: the powers above 上天神明 * blessings from above 上天的祝福 * gone above 上天堂了. Cf 参看 below, under, underneath.# ,above-mentioned, ,above-named adjs mentioned or named earlier (in this book, article, etc) （在本书中 在本文中等）上述的. Cf 参看 undermentioned.above 2 / bv; bv/ prep (a) higher than (sth) 高於; 在.之上: The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳已升到地平线之上. * The water came above our knees. 水没过了我们的膝部. * We were flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行. (Cf 参看 We were flying over/across the Sahara.) (b) higher in rank, position, importance, etc than (sb/sth) 级别 地位 重要性等高於.: A captain in the Navy ranks above a captain in the Army. 海军的captain（上校）军阶高於陆军的captain（上尉）. * She married above her, ie married sb from a higher social class than herself. 她嫁给了社会地位比她高的人. greater in number, price, weight, etc than (sth) 数目 价钱 重量等超过.: The temperature has been above the average recently. 近来的气温一直比平均温度高. * Theres nothing in this shop above/over a dollar. 这个店里没有一样东西价钱超过一元. * It weighs above/over ten tons. 这东西的重量超过十吨. * Applicants must be above/over the age of 18. 申请人年龄必须超过18岁. (fml 文) more than (sb/sth) 超过; 胜过: Should a soldier value honour above life? 军人应视荣誉重於生命吗? beyond the reach of (sth) because too good, great, etc （因优良 出色等）超出.的范围: He is above suspicion, ie is not suspected because he is completely trusted. 他无可怀疑（因为他是可以完全信赖的人, 所以不受怀疑）. * Her behaviour was above/beyond reproach. 她的行为是无可指责的. too good, etc for (sth) （因好 优越等）不做, 不为, 不屑: She wouldnt lie shes above that. 她不至於说谎-她不屑做那种事. * She is above deceit, ie is not deceitful. 她不会骗人的. * Although shes the manager, shes not above asking (ie she isnt too proud to ask) for advice from her staff. 她虽身为经理, 却并不耻於向下属请教.upstream from (a place) 在（一处）的上游: the waterfall above the bridge 在桥的上游的瀑布. (idm 习语) above all most important of all; especially 最重要的; 尤其: He longs above all (else) to see his family again. 他尤其渴望再见到家里的人. above oneself too pleased with oneself; conceited; arrogant 兴高采烈; 得意忘形; 自高自大; 趾高气扬. Cf 参看 below, under, underneath.# above-board adv, adj = above board (board1).NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 When they indicate a position higher than something, above and over can often be used in the same way *above和over表示在比某物高的位置时, 用法往往相同: They built a new room above/over the garage. 他们在车房上面加盖了一个房间. 2 When there is movement across something, only over can be used 在表示一动作越过某物时, 只能用 over: She threw the ball over the fence. 她把球扔过了篱笆. * jump over the stream 跳过小溪. 3 Over can also mean covering *over还可表示盖着的意思: Pull the sheet over the body. 拉起被单盖住身体. * Throw the water over the flames. 把水泼在火焰上. 4 Over and above can mean more than in number, measurement, etc. *over和above可以表示在数目或量度上等等多於的意思. Above is generally used in relation to a minimum or standard *above一般用於表示与最低限度或标准有关的事物: 2000 ft above sea-level 海拔2000英尺 * above average intelligence/height 在一般智力高度以上 * two degrees above zero 零上二度 * Hes over fifty. 他已年过半百. * Shes been here over two hours. 她在这里已超过两小时了.across 1 / krs; US krs; krs/ adv part from one side to the other side 从一边到另一边; 横过: Can you swim across? 你能游过去吗? * Will you row me across? 你划船把我送过去行吗? * I helped the blind man across. 我帮助那个盲人过去了. * Come across to my office this afternoon. 你今天下午到我办公室来一趟. on the other side 在另一边: We leave Dover at ten and we should be across in France by midnight. 我们十点钟离开多佛, 午夜时应能抵达法国那边. from side to side 从这边到那边之间; 宽: The river is half a mile across, ie wide. 这条河有半英里宽.# across from prep (esp US) opposite (sth) 在.的对面: Just across from our house theres a school. 就在我们房子的对面有一所学校.across 2 / krs; US krs; krs/ prep from one side to the other side of (sth) 从（某物）的一边到另一边; 横过（某物）: walk across the street 走过这条街 * row sb across a lake 划船送某人过湖. on the other side of (sth) 在（某物）的另一边: We shall soon be across the Channel. 我们不久即将渡过英吉利海峡了. * He shouted to me from across the room. 他从房间的另一边向我喊. * My house is just across the street. 我的房子就在马路对面. extending from one side to the other side of (sth) 从（某物）的一边向另一边伸展: a bridge across the river 横跨河上的一座桥 * Draw a line across the page. 在这页上画一条横线. so as to cross or intersect (sth) 交叉; 与（某物）相交叉: He sat with his arms across his chest. 他两臂在胸前交叉坐着.after 1 / ft(r); US f-; ft/ adv later (in time) （在时间上）以後, 之後, 後来: The day after, he apologized. 次日, 他道歉了. * It reappeared long/soon after. 过後很久不久又出现了. * They lived happily ever after. 他们後来一直生活得很幸福. behind (in place) （在位置上）在後: She followed on after. 她在後面跟着. Cf 参看 before1. =Usage at before2 用法见before2.# afterglow n U glow in the sky after sunset （日落後天空中的）余晖; 夕照; 晚霞.after 2 / ft(r); US f-; ft/ prep (a) later than (sth) 比.更晚: leave after lunch, shortly after six, the day after tomorrow, the week after next 午餐後 刚过六点钟 後天 下下星期离去 * (US) half after seven in the morning, ie 7.30 am 上午七点半. (b) sth sth (indicating much repetition 表示多次重复): day after day/week after week/year after year/time after time, ie very often 日复一日一星期一星期地/一年一年地/一次又一次地 * He fired shot after shot, ie many shots. 他一枪一枪地发射. Cf 参看 before2 1. =Usage at before2 用法见before2. behind (sb/sth) 在.後面: Shut the door after you when you go out. 出去时请随手关门. next to and following (sb/sth) in order, arrangement or importance （在顺序 排列或重要性上）在.之後, 跟在.後面, 仅次於: C comes after B in the alphabet. 在字母表中C接在B後面. * Your name comes after mine on the list. 在名单上你的名字在我的名字之後. * His book is the best on the subject after mine. 他的书对这一问题的论述是最好的, 仅次於我的书. * After you, ie Please enter before me, serve yourself first, etc. 您先请（然後再轮到我）. * After you with the salt. 您先用盐, 然後给我. =Usage at before2 用法见before2. because of (sth); following 因为; 由於; 在.以後: After what he did to my family, I hate him. 由於他对我家的所作所为, 我才恨他. * After your conduct last time, did you expect to be invited again? 有了你上次的行为, 你以为还会邀请你吗? in pursuit of or in search of (sb/sth) 追赶; 寻找; 探求: We ran after the thief. 我们追赶窃贼. * The police are after him. 警方正在追捕他. * Shes after (ie She wants) a job in publishing. 她正在找一份出版业的工作. about (sb/sth); concerning 关於: They inquired after you, ie asked how you were. 他们问候你. in spite of (sth) 尽管; 虽然: After everything Ive done for him, he still ignores me. 尽管我什麽都为他做了, 他还是不理我. in the style of (sb/sth); in imitation of 依照; 仿照: a painting after Rubens 一幅仿鲁本斯的画 * draw up a constitution after the American model 仿照美国模式起草宪法 * Weve named the baby after you, ie given him your first name in honour of you. 我们是用你的名字给这个婴儿取名的. (idm 习语) ,after all (a) in spite of what has been said, done or expected 毕竟; 终究; 归根结底: So youve come after all! 你到底还是来了! * After all, what does it matter? 归根结底, 那有什麽关系呢? (b) it should be remembered 应该记住: He should have offered to pay he has plenty of money, after all. 他应该主动提出付款-他有的是钱, 别忘了.# afterbirth n sing placenta and foetal membrane discharged from the womb after childbirth 胞衣; 胎盘和胎膜.after-damp n U poisonous mixture of gases after the explosion of firedamp in a coal-mine （煤矿沼气）爆炸後的毒气.afterlife n sing existence that is thought by some to follow death 来生; 来世: Do you believe in an afterlife? 你相信有来生吗?aftershave n U, C lotion used on the face after shaving （剃须後搽的）润肤液: attrib 作定语 aftershave lotion 剃须後搽的润肤液.after 3 / ft(r); US f-; ft/ conj at or during a time later than (sth) 在.以後的时间或期间: I arrived after he (had) left. 我在他走後到的. * Well arrive after youve left. 我们将在你走以後到达. Cf 参看 before3.after 4 / ft(r); US f-; ft/ adj attrib 作定语 later; following 以後的; 後来的: in after years 在以後的年月里. nearer the stern of a ship 靠近船的後部的: the after cabins 後舱. aftermost adj furthest aft 最後面的.# after-care n U attention or treatment given to a person who has just left hospital, prison, etc （对出院出狱等的人给予的）事後护理或安置: attrib 作定语,after-care services 事後服务.after-effect n effect that occurs afterwards, eg a delayed effect of a drug used medically 後效（如用药後延迟的效应）; effect that occurs after its cause has gone 後遗效应; 副作用: suffer from/feel no unpleasant after-effects 感到未感到有不良的副作用.after-image n sensation retained by one of the senses, esp the eye, after the original stimulus has stopped 後遗感觉; （尤指）残留影像, 後像, 余像; 余音; 余味; 余感色.after-taste n sing 1 taste that stays after eating or drinking sth 余味: wine which leaves an unpleasant aftertaste (in the mouth) （在口中）留有不良余味的酒. 2 (fig 比喻) impression or feeling that stays in the mind 回味.afterthought n thing that is thought of or added later 事後想到或添加的事物: Just as an afterthought why not ask Jim? 这是事後想起的-为什麽不问问吉姆呢? * The film was made first and the music was added as an afterthought. 这部电影是先拍摄画面的, 音乐是後加上的. * Mary was a bit of an afterthought her brothers and sisters are all much older than her. 玛丽算是後添的-她哥哥姐姐都比她大得多.as / z; z; strong form z; z/ prep so as to appear to be (sb) 好像（某人）: dressed as a policeman 打扮得像个警察 * They entered the building disguised as cleaners. 他们化装成清洁工人的模样进入大楼. having the function or character of (sb) 有（某人）的身分或特性; 作为; 当作: a job as a packer 包装者的工作 * work as a courier 当导游 * Im speaking as your employer. 我以雇主的身分和你说话. * Treat me as a friend. 把我当作朋友. * accept sb as an equal 把某人视为同等的人 * I respect him as a writer and as a man. 我尊重他这位作家, 也尊重他这个人. =Usage 见所附用法. (a) since sb is (sth) 因某人是（某身分）: As her private secretary he has access to all her correspondence. 他是她的私人秘书, 能接触到她所有的信件. (b) when or while sb is (sth) 当某人是（某身分）时: As a child she was sent to six different schools. 她儿时前後上过六所学校. as adv 1 as.as (used before advs and adjs in order to make a comparison 用於副词和形容词之前, 以构成比较句型) (a) (with the second as a prep 第二个as用作介词) to the same extent.; equally.as 达到与.相同的程度; 与.等同: as tall as his father 和他父亲一样高 * This dress is twice as expensive as that. 这件连衣裙比那件贵一倍. * He doesnt play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半. * I havent known him as long as you. 我没有你认识他的时间长. * As likely as not (ie Very probably), it will rain. 很有可能要下雨. (b) (with the second as a conj 第二个as用作连词) to the same extent.as; equally.as 同.一样达到某种程度; 与.等同: He looks as ill as he sounded on the phone. 他的样子和他在电话中说话的声音反映的病情是一样的. * His eyes arent quite as blue as they look in the film. 他的眼睛不像在电影里见到的那麽蓝. * Run as fast as you can. 你能跑多快就跑多快. * He recited as much of the poem as he could remember. 他把诗中记得住的都背诵出来了. * Shes as good an actress as she is a singer. 她当演员和当歌手都一样出色. 2 not differently from; like 和.无不同; 像; 如: As before he remained unmoved. 他和以往一样无动於衷. * The h is silent as in hour. 在hour这个字中, h不发音.as conj 1 during the time when; while 在.期间; 当.的时候: I watched her as she combed her hair. 她梳头的时候我一直看着她. * As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening. 他年纪越来越大, 除了喜欢园艺以外, 对一切都失去了兴趣. 2 (usu placed at the beginning of the sentence 通常置於句首) since; because 由於; 因为: As you werent there I left a message. 因为你不在那里, 我留了个信儿. * As shes been ill perhaps shell need some help. 她由於生病可能需要些帮助. (used after an adj or adv to introduce a clause of concession 用於形容词或副词之後, 引导让步从句) although 尽管; 即使; 虽然: Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 我虽然还小, 可是对要从事的职业已胸有成竹了. * Talented as he is, he is not yet ready to turn professional. 别看他有天分, 他还没把心用到专业上去. * Much as I like you, I couldnt live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你, 却不能和你在一起生活. * Try as he would/might, he couldnt open the door. 他试过多次了, 却仍打不开那门. in the way in which 以.方式: Do as I say and sit down. 照我说的, 坐下. * Leave the table as it is, ie Do not disturb the things on it. 那桌子就那样吧（不要动上面的东西）. * Why didnt you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎麽不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢? a fact which 为.之事实: Cyprus, as you know, is an island in the Mediterranean. 如你所知, 塞浦路斯是地中海的岛国. * The Beatles, as many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. 你们这样年纪的人大多还记得披头士乐队吧, 他们都是利物浦人. (usu followed by be or do + subject 通常後接be或do +主语) and so too 也一样: Shes unusually tall, as are both her parents. 她特别高, 她父母也都那麽高. * Hes a doctor, as was his wife before she had children. 他是医生, 他妻子生儿育女之前也当过医生. =Usage 见所附用法. (idm 习语) as against sth in contrast with sth 与.对照; 与.相比: She gets Saturdays off in her new job as against working alternate weekends in her last one. 她新找的这份工作星期六放假, 而原来的那份工作周末是隔周放假. * We had twelve hours of sunshine yesterday, as against a forecast of continuous rain. 昨日有十二小时的晴天, 预报却说仍有雨. ,as and when (a) (referring to an uncertain future event or action 指将来的某一未定的事或行动) when 到时候: Well decide on our team as and when we qualify for the competition. 我们来决定自己的队到什麽时候才有资格参加比赛. Cf 参看 if and when (if). (b) (infml 口) when possible; eventually 可能时; 终於; 最终: Ill tell you more as and when, ie as soon as I can. 有可能时我再多跟你说. as for sb/sth with regard to sb/sth 至於某人某事物: As for the hotel, it was very uncomfortable and miles from the sea. 至於旅馆呢, 非常不舒服, 而且离海边有好几里地. * As for you, you ought to be ashamed of yourself. 至於你, 你应该感到惭愧. as from; esp US as of (indicating the time or date from which sth starts 指某事物开始的时间或日期): As from next Monday you can use my office. 从下星期一起, 你可以使用我的办公室. * We shall have a new address as of 12 May. 我们自5月12日起将用新地址. as if; as though with the appearance of; apparently 好像; 似乎; 彷佛: He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子. * As if unsure of where she was, she hesitated and looked round. 她彷佛茫然不知身在何处, 犹犹豫豫向四周打量. * He rubbed his eyes and yawned as though waking up after a long sleep. 他又揉眼睛又打哈欠, 好像睡了一大觉刚醒似的. ,as it is taking present circumstances into account; as things are 照现状看; 看样子: We were hoping to have a holiday next week as it is, we may not be able to get away. 我们原来盼望着下星期放假-看样子走不了了. * I thought I