成本与管理会计亨格瑞第13版英文版CA16.ppt

2020 1 10 1 CostAllocation JointProductsandByproducts CHAPTER16 2020 1 10 2 Learningobjectives Identifythesplitoffpointinajoint costsituationDistinguishjointproductsfrombyproductsExplainwhyjointcostsareallocatedtoindividualproductsAllocatejointcostsusingfourmethodsExplainwhythesalesvalueatsplitoffmethodispreferredwhenallocatingjointcostsExplainwhyjointcostsareirrelevantinasell or process furtherdecisionAccountforbyproductsusingtwomethods 2020 1 10 3 JointCostTerminology JointCosts costsofasingleproductionprocessthatyieldsmultipleproductssimultaneouslySplitoffPoint theplaceinajointproductionprocesswheretwoormoreproductsbecomeseparatelyidentifiableSeparableCosts allcostsincurredbeyondthesplitoffpointthatareassignabletoeachofthenow identifiablespecificproducts 2020 1 10 4 ExampleofJointCoststituation 2020 1 10 5 ChartofJointCostTerminology 2020 1 10 6 JointCostTerminology conts CategoriesofJointProcessOutputs OutputswithapositivesalesvalueOutputswithazerosalesvalueProduct anyoutputwithapositivesalesvalue oranoutputthatenablesafirmtoavoidincurringcostsValuecanbehighorlow 2020 1 10 7 JointCostTerminology conts MainProduct outputofajointproductionprocessthatyieldsoneproductwithahighsalesvaluecomparedtothesalesvaluesoftheotheroutputs P452 574 JointProducts outputsofajointproductionprocessthatyieldstwoormoreproductswithahighsalesvaluecomparedtothesalesvaluesofanyotheroutputsByproducts outputsofajointproductionprocessthathavelowsalesvaluescomparetothesalesvaluesoftheotheroutputs 2020 1 10 8 JointProcessFlowchart 2020 1 10 9 ReasonsforAllocatingJointCosts Determinationofinventoriablecostsandcostofgoodssoldforexternalfinancialreportingandincometaxdetermination Determinationofinventoriablecostsandcostofgoodssoldforinternalreportingpurposessuchasdivisionprofitabilityanalysis Costreimbursementwhenacompanyhascost reimbursementcontractsaswithagovernmentalagency 2020 1 10 10 JointCostAllocationMethods PhysicalMeasures allocateusingtangibleattributesoftheproducts suchaspounds gallons barrels etc Market Based allocateusingmarket deriveddata dollars SalesvalueatsplitoffNetRealizableValue NRV ConstantGross MarginpercentageNRV 2020 1 10 11 SalesValueatSplitoffMethod UsesthesalesvalueoftheentireproductionoftheaccountingperiodtocalculateallocationpercentageIgnoresinventories 2020 1 10 12 Examplep454 576 2020 1 10 13 JointCostIllustrationOverview 2020 1 10 14 SalesValueatSplitoffExample 2020 1 10 15 SalesValueatSplitoffExample 2020 1 10 16 Physical MeasureMethod Allocatesjointcoststojointproductsonthebasisoftherelativeweight volume orotherphysicalmeasureatthesplitoffpointoftotalproductionoftheproductsp455 577 2020 1 10 17 Physical MeasureExamplep456 578 2020 1 10 18 Physical MeasureExample 2020 1 10 19 NetRealizableValueMethod AllocatesjointcoststojointproductsonthebasisofrelativeNRVoftotalproductionofthejointproductsNRV FinalSalesValue SeparableCosts 2020 1 10 20 NRVExamplep457 579 2020 1 10 21 NRVExample conts 2020 1 10 22 NRVExample conts 2020 1 10 23 NRVExample conts 2020 1 10 24 ConstantGrossMarginNRVMethod Allocatesjointcoststojointproductsinawaythattheoverallgross marginpercentageisidenticalfortheindividualproductsJointCostsarecalculatedasaresidualamount 2020 1 10 25 2020 1 10 26 ConstantGrossMarginNRVExample 2020 1 10 27 MethodSelection Ifsellingpriceatsplitoffisavailable usetheSalesValueatSplitoffMethod p459 581 Ifsellingpriceatsplitoffisnotavailable usetheNRVMethodIfsimplicityistheprimaryconsideration Physical MeasuresMethodortheConstantGross MarginMethodcouldbeusedDespitethis somefirmschoosenottoallocatejointcostsatall 2020 1 10 28 Sell or ProcessFurtherFlowchart 2020 1 10 29 Sell or ProcessFurtherDecisions InSell or ProcessFurtherdecisions jointcostsareirrelevant Jointproductshavebeenproduced andaprospectivedecisionmustbemade p461 583 tosellimmediatelyorprocessfurtherandselllaterJointCostsaresunkSeparableCostsneedtobeevaluatedforrelevanceindividually 2020 1 10 30 Byproducts TwomethodsforaccountingforbyproductsProductionMethod recognizesbyproductinventoryasitiscreated andsalesandcostsat