宿州学院外国语学院本科论文参考模板-定.docVIP

论文分类号： 按中图分类号，可上网查询2014届学士学位毕业论文题目： 论英语隐喻的翻译 封面填写内容格式：宋体；小二；加粗，适当居中排列。下划线的长度要相等。系 别 专 业： 外国语学院 英语 研 究 方 向： 英语语言学 学 生 姓 名： 李明 学 号： 2010010000 指导教师姓名： 陈文琦 指导教师职称： 副教授/讲师/ 助教(硕士) iiiA Study on Translating English Metaphors into Chinese1. 英语标题需遵循表达习惯，不必逐字翻译。如标题太长，可另行；2. 格式：Times New Roman；三号；加粗；居中ByLI MingSupervisor: CHEN Wen-qiMay/June 2014注意日期变化，字体：Times New Roman 字号：小四号，行距：1.5首行缩进：4个英语字母AcknowledgementsIm extremely grateful for the support from my supervisor, associate Professor Chen Wenqi, for his invaluable guidance. Though quite busy, he showed unfailing patience in proof-reading my thesis and provided many valuable suggestions for my improvement. His instruction offered enlightenment for the completion of my thesis.I must also thank all the teachers who have taught me in my whole college life for they have offered me warm encouragement and good advice.Finally I wish to express my deep gratitude for all the teachers and friends who have helped me with my thesis, my study, and my college life in the four years. Their help and friendship will inspire me to go ahead always.1. 论文正文之前的页码用罗马数字、等表示;2. 论文正文的页码用阿拉伯数字：1、2、3、表示3. 标题页绝不能出现页码，可使用分隔符解决各段首行空4字符，或word TAB键自动距离AbstractMetaphors are pervasive in our daily life. They appear not only in various texts but also in spoken English. People use metaphors extensively to express their feelings and thoughts. Many subjects with universal meanings are described by metaphors. Cognitive linguistics has proved that metaphor is not only a rhetorical device but also a reflection of culture and thinking pattern. This paper makes a general introduction of metaphor. The focus of this paper is chapter 5, which explores five methods translating metaphors. Metaphors in English and Chinese must bear some similarities. But metaphors in each of the languages are deeply embedded in its particular culture. Therefore, translators should take every factor into consideration. In the process of translation, translators should follow the principle and criteria of translation. A qualified translator should method flexibly according to varied situation and cultural background. 加粗，3-5个关键词，各关键词之间用分号隔开Key words: English metaphor; translation; method; literal translation; free translation字体：黑体字号：三号，加粗此处两个字之间空四格,摘 要 隐喻在日常生活中普遍存在。隐喻不仅出现在各种文本中，还存在于口语中。人们大量地使用隐喻来表达感情与想法。许多具有普遍意义的主题都是用隐喻来表达的。认知语言学已经证明，隐喻不仅是一种修辞手法，而且是一种文化和思维方式的反映。本文对英语的隐喻做了基本的介绍。重点是第五章，主要探讨了隐喻的五种翻译方法。中英文中的隐喻肯定存在一些相识点，但是每一种语言的隐喻都深深嵌入其文化中。因此，译者要将每个因素考虑在内。在翻译的过程中，译者要遵循翻译的原则与标准。一名称职的翻译应该根据不同的形势与文化背景灵活选择翻译方法。关键词：英语隐喻；翻译；方法；直译；意译1. 与上文空一格2. 关键词要求有3-5个，注意词与词之间的标点符号3. 字体小四4. 行距1.5倍注：此部分可以采用word自动生成目录大纲，可百度搜索方法；如不会，手工处理，排版注意两端对齐，美观 ContentsAcknowledgements.iAbstract. ii摘要.Contents.目录采用MLA样式，二级标题缩进，与一级首字符对齐， 三级类推，一般不要超过三级。注意编号不同I. Introduction .1II. Overall Introduction of English Metaphor2.1 Definition of English Metaphor2.2 Characteristics of English Metaphor 2.3 Functions of English Metaphor 2.4 Classification of English Metaphor III. Principles and Difficulties of Translating English Metaphor3.1 Principles of Translating English Metaphors 3.2 Difficulties of Translating English Metaphor IV. Methods of Translating English Metaphor 4.1 4.2 V. ConclusionBibliographyTranslating English Metaphors into Chinese奇数页页眉：论文标题英文；注意下划线。都是从正文页开始Translating English Metaphors into Chinese正文中各部分有小标题的，小标题应顶格打出，加黑。一级标题要另起新页I. Introduction 参考文献用夹注：包括作者，作品年代，页码，页码前冒号。或作者与其它二者之一，无标点。完整文献集中列于文末(不重复)。Metaphors are pervasive in our daily life. They appear not only in various texts but also in spoken language. Metaphors are widely used to express the feelings and thoughts, and many subjects with universal meanings are described by metaphors. Cognitive linguistics has proved that metaphor is not only a rhetorical device but also a reflection of culture and thinking. Language and culture are closely related to each other. Language is the carrier of culture. “The translation of any metaphor is the epitome of all translation”. (Peter Newmark 1988: 113) From the translation of metaphor, it can be inferred whether the translator is targetlanguage oriented or sourcelanguage oriented or even reach a compromise. It is well known that translation is cross cultural communication. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of target text and convey the message effectively, Translators should take such factors as context and cultural difference into consideration and make use of different methods in translating metaphors.II. Overall Introduction of MetaphorMetaphor usually has two purposes. The first is cognitive while the second is aesthetic. Firstly, its referential purpose is to describe a mental process or state a concept, a person, an object, a quality or an action more comprehensively and concisely than is possible in literal or physical language.( Newmark )2.1 Definition of MetaphorThere are many definitions of metaphor. George Lakoff and Mark Johnson define metaphor as a means for representing something as if it were something else and no single metaphor can encompass the full reality of the subject it seeks to describe.正文偶数页页眉：“宿州学院外国语学院2014届本科毕业论文”I. A. Richards gives metaphor such a definition: “It is the use of one reference to a group of things that are related in a particular way in order to discover a similar relation in another group.” III. Classification of Metaphor:According to Peter Newmark, metaphors are classified into six types: dead, clich, stock, adapted, recent and original metaphors:3.1 Dead metaphorPeter Newmark defines dead metaphor as metaphors where one is hardly conscious of the image: they are usually related to universal terms of space and time, the main part of the body, general ecological features and the main human activities, such as: “space”, “field”, “line”, “top”, “bottom”, “foot”, “mouth”, “arm”. They are particularly used for the language to clarify or define. For example: IV. Conclusion Metaphor is widely used in English. As we know, the study of metaphor is related to many areas of academic field, such as semantics, pragmatics, aesthetics, etc. For English learners in China, it is necessary to understand the different forms and intended meanings of English metaphors if they want to have a better understanding of English language in use. Metaphors in English and Chinese must bear some similarities. But metaphors in each of the languages are deeply embedded in its particular culture. One cannot have a thorough understanding of them without studying the particular culture they represent. For the same image may have different metaphorical meaning in English and Chinese; so in the process of translating English metaphors, a translator should follow certain translation principles and criteria. This paper mainly explores five methods of translating English metaphors, such as literal translation, free translation, image-converted translation, literal translation with addition and translation by simile. A qualified translator should be capable of choosing methods flexibly according to varied situations and cultural background instead of using a method mechanically. No matter what method is taken, it should help to live up to proper criteria to the maximum.V. Conclusion英语专著标注方 法，多人的话最后一人前加 “&”所提供文献需10本以上，不同参考文献间1.5倍行距，同一参考文献如有换行则采用单倍行距，同时悬挂缩进3字符BibliographyBerry, J., J. Foose , & T. Jones. Up from the Cradle of Jozz: New Orleans Music Since World War II. Athens: University of Georgia Press,1986.网络资源引用，此为纽约时报论坛上的一篇文章，很遗憾，由于防火墙打不开，不过标注方法值得参考Nye, Joseph S. The Paradox of American Power: Why the Worlds Superpower Cant Go It Alone. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Halliday, M.A.K., & R. Hasan. Languag