陕西省白水县高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解摸底选练（5）.doc

陕西白水县2016高考英语阅读理解（二轮）摸底选练（5）阅读理解。technology has been an encouragement of historical change.it acted as such a force in england beginning in the eighteenth century，and across the entire western world in the nineteenth.rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture(制造) of goods，which has changed ideas about work.one of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time.people also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product：each nail was exactly like every other nail，meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail.this means that goods could be mass production，although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.once this was done，workers no longer started on the product and laboured to complete it.instead，they might work only one thousandth of it，other workers completing their own parts in certain order.there is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by todays standards.highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques，as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand.but the skilled worker wasnt the only loser，the common workers lost too.similar changes forced farmers away.the increased mechanization(机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops.they had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers.increasingly，standards were set by machines.workers no longer owned their own tools，their skill was no longer valued，and pride in their work was no longer possible.workers fed，looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.36in this passage，which of the following is not considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?aother forms of energy have taken the place of human power.bthe increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.cthe increased use of machines to make products in less time.dthe use of machines producing parts of the same standard.37the underlined word “this” in the first paragraph refers to_.athe use of scientific findingsbthe practice of producing the same parts for a productcthe human power being replaced by other forms of energydthe technology becoming the encouragement of historical change38the underlined word “this” in the second paragraph refers to the change that_.aeach nail could be taken the place of by every other nailbeach nail was exactly like every other nailcproducing tasks became smaller and smallerdgoods could be mass produced39according to the writer，highly skilled workers_.acompletely disappeared with the coming of the factory systembwere dismissed by the bosscwere unable to produce goods of high standarddwere unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines40according to the passage，what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agriculture?amany of them had to leave their farmland for industrial centers.bthey stuck to their farm work.cthey refused to use machines. dthey did their best to learn how to use the machines.36b原文中并未说对工人剥削的增加，故选项b为正确答案。37c倒置的一个主要目的就是使句子间连接紧密，因此单词this指上一句的内容。38d在条件句中，this 指上文的内容：货物批量生产。39d可从第二段第四句知道d项为正确答案。40a可根据第二段第六句及第八句判断a项为正确答案。阅读理解。a senior united nations childrens fund(unicef) official on may 29 praised china for its remarkable achievements in childrens welfare. a. h. m. farook, unicefs operations area officer for china and mongolia said that china “can be very satisfied to tell the whole world what can be done with limited resources to help its children to grow healthily and happily.” chinas child population makes up one-fifth of the worlds total. “the reason behind the tremendous(巨大的) achievement is chinas long tradition of caring for children both at home and in society,” he said. “whats more is that chinese people have always given special attention to children who are in special need.” the un official made the remarks when addressing a group of 50 children and staff from the beijing childrens welfare home at the shangri-la hotel, beijing. the hotel invited the orphans to share snacks, sing, dance and play games at a park inside the hotel for a “share the sunshine” party, as a prelude(前奏) to celebrations to mark the childrens day. the beijing childrens welfare home, set up soon after new china was founded in 1949, has at present more than 400 children. a leading official of the welfare institution said that the children live a happy life and that the agency spends 400500 yuan a month for an average orphan. an average chinese workers earned 440 yuan a month during the first quarter this year. gu xiaojin, deputy secretary-general of the china youth development foundation(cydf), said people from all walks of life have contributed to the welfare of the chinese children. she said that cydf set up the project hope in 1989, which calls on people across the country to donate money to help poor children to continue their schooling. by the end of last year, she said, cydf had collected nearly 700 million yuan in donations, which has helped the establishment of 2, 074 hope primary schools and enabled more than 1. 25 million dropouts to return to school classrooms. three “hope stars” also attended the party. they were model teenagers chosen among students who are economically supported by the project hope to further their nine-year compulsory(义务) studies in the poverty-stricken regions. they will be torchbearers(火炬接力者) for the chinese team for the up coming atlanta olympic games this year. 1. children can grow healthily and happily as long as _. a. parents take good care of them both at home and in society b. the whole society care for children as well as their parents c. schools and teachers pay much attention to the growth of children d. chinese people always give special attention to children who are in special need 答案解析：答案为b。本题为细节题。由第三段 “the reason behind the tremendous achievement is chinas long tradition of caring for children both at home and in society,” 可知，儿童能够健康快乐地成长的条件是社会和家庭共同的关心，故b选项符合文意。a选项只强调了父母的作用，c选项只强调了学校和教师的作用，都太片面，均不选；d选项的 “always”一词显得太过绝对化，故不选。2. every year the beijing childrens welfare home spends _ on the orphans a. 1, 920, 000 yuan b. 2, 160, 000 yuan c. over 2, 400, 000 yuan d. 2, 200, 000 yuan or so答案解析：答案为d。本题为推理计算题。题干要求推算出beijing childrens welfare home在孤儿身上一年的花费，由第六段 “the beijing childrens welfare home, has at present more than 400 children.” 和第七段 “ the agency spends 400500 yuan a month for an average orphan.” 可以推算，一年的费用在1, 920, 000元到2, 400, 000元之间，然而费用不会恰好是2, 160, 000元，只有d选项的答案最为准确。3. cydf collected 700 million yuan with the purpose of _. a. reducing dropouts b. helping homeless orphans c. supporting the chinese team for the coming atlanta olympic games d. establishing 2, 074 hope primary schools all over the country答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节推理题。由倒数第二段 “ by the end of last year, she said, cydf had collected nearly 700 million yuan in donations, which has helped the establishment of 2, 074 hope primary schools and enabled more than 1. 25 million dropouts to return to school classrooms.”可知，cydf筹集的资金用于帮助建立希望工程小学，让失学儿童返校，a选项和d选项都是文章所提到的，然而a选项“减少失学儿童”是这笔资金的最终目的，d选项是达到此目的的方式，故答案为a。4. we can infer from the text that _. a. every chinese child has its own special need, so we should pay special attention to each. b. all the children in the poverty-stricken regions of china are too poor to go to school. c. ever since liberation. the chinese communist party has been concerned about the growth of the younger generation. d. with the help of unicef officials, there are no more dropouts in china. 答案解析：答案为c。本题为推理题。由第六段 “the beijing childrens welfare home, set up soon after new china was founded in 1949, has at present more than 400 children.” 可知，自从新中国建立以来，the beijing childrens welfare home 里收养了400多名孤儿，可以推断c选项 “自从解放以来，中国共产党一直关心儿童的成长”与文意符合。故答案为c。由第四段 “whats more is that chinese people have always given special attention to children who are in special need.” 可知，需要给予有特别需求的儿童特别关注，a选项意为“给每个儿童特别关注” 曲解了文章的意思，故错误，b、d选项表述错误，均不选。5. it is possible that this passage was written in _. a. 1992 b. 1996 c. 1998 d. 2000答案解析：答案为b。本题为细节题。由最后一段最后一句话 “they will be torchbearers for the chinese team for the up coming atlanta olympic games this year.”可知，此文章写于亚特兰大奥运会举办的那一年，而这年是在1996年。故答案为b。阅读理解 belton and canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart. both towns have many hotels, and in summer the hotels are full of holiday- makers and other tourists(观光者).last august there was a fire at the sea breeze hotel in belton. the next day, this news appeared on page two of the towns newspaper, the belton post:fire at seabreezelate last night firemen hurried to the sea breeze hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom. the hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire. we say again to all our visitors: “please dont smoke cigarettes in bed.” this was beltons first hotel fire for five years.the canfield times gave the news in these words on page one.another beldon hotel catches firelast night belton firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the sea breeze hotel. an angry holiday-maker said, “an electric lamp probably started the fire. the bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels. when i put my bedside light on, i heard a funny noise from the lamp.” we are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in canfield.what are the facts, then? it is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. there was a fire at the sea breeze hotel last august: that is one fact. do we know anything else? yeswe know that firemen went to the hotel.now what do you think of the rest of the “news”?1. which of the following best gives the main idea of this text?a. belton and canfield are both good places for tourists in summer.b. a fire broke out one night in sea breeze hotel last summer.c. it was not easy to find out exact truth from newspapers.d. two newspapers gave reports on the same matter. 答案解析：答案为c。本题为主旨大意题。文章前面的内容陈述了两则不同的新闻报道，后面的内容对新闻报道进行总结，由倒数第二段第二句话 “it is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident.” 可知，答案为c。2. which of the following are probably facts?a. the fire broke out in a bedroom at the hotel.b. a cigarette started the fire.c. an old lamp started the fire.d. the fire broke out at night.e. there has never been a fire in canfield.a. b and c b. a and dc. c and e d. a and c答案解析：答案为b。本题为细节题。由第一则报道的第一句话 “late last night firemen hurried to the sea breeze hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom.” 和第二则报道的第一句话 “last night belton firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the sea breeze hotel.”可知，火灾都发生在晚上和房间里，故答案为b。3. the canfield times used the headline (标题) like this in order to make its readers think _.a. hotels in belton often catch fireb. hotels in belton dont often catch firec. this was the second fire at the sea breeze hoteld. belton was a good place except that hotels there are not quite safe答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节推理题。canfield times报纸报道的新闻标题使用 “another” 意在告诉读者belton的旅馆经常发生火灾，这样可以使得自己城市的旅游业更具有竞争力。故答案为a。4. the canfield newspaper gave a report just the opposite to the belton post by saying that _.a. the bedroom lamps were very old at the sea breeze hotelb. the bedroom lights made funny noise when the fire took placec. the firemen failed to save clothing, bedclothes and other thingsd. such accidents never happened in canfield for the past 5 years答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节题。 canfield报纸报道的第一句话 “last night belton firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the sea breeze hotel.” 一语中的，把最重要的信息首先传递给受众，“消防员到达太晚未能挽救房间里的衣服，床单被褥和一些家具”， c选项的意思与此吻合，故答案为c。干扰项a选项是该则报道后面的内容，不可选。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(三)】d“if there is one thing im sure about，it is that in a hundred years from now we will still be reading newspapers.it is not that newspapers are a necessity.even now some people get most of their news from television or radio.many buy a paper only on saturdays or sundays.but for most people reading a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation.”the nature of what is news may change.what basically makes news is what affects our livesthe big political stories，the coverage of the wars，earthquakes and other disasters，will continue much the same.i think there will be more coverage of scientific research，though.its already happening in areas that may directly affect our lives, like genetic engineering.in the future，i think there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we doas we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates and what our feelings really are.its quite possible that in the next century newspapers will be transmitted electronically from fleet street and printed out in our own home.in fact, im pretty sure that how it will happen in the future.you will probably be able to choose from a menu，making up your own newspaper by picking out the things you want to readsports and international news，etc.i think people have got it wrong when they talk about competition among the differe