2015高考英语语法精讲精练 专题十一 特殊句式倒装、强调、主谓一致等常考点.doc

专题十一特殊句式(倒装、强调、主谓一致等)常考点近几年，高考中有关特殊句式注重考查知识之间的交叉，因此，也加大了在语境中综合考查语法知识的力度。在考查强调句的同时，把定语从句、省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句等融合到一起，考查学生综合把握语法知识的能力。强调句 构成和判断：“It is/was被强调的部分(时间状语/地点状语/原因状语/方式状语/名词/代词/从句)that(指人可用who)句子的其余部分”。如：It was because he was ill that he was absent.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句。如：Was_it on the street that_you met Tom?What_was_it_that made him upset?Do you know what_it_was_that_made_him_upset?注强调句型用于宾语从句时应用陈述语序。not until的强调句，其结构为“It is/was not until被强调部分that句子剩余部分”。如：It was not until I came back that he left.强调谓语用“does/do/did动词原形”。如：He did come back yesterday.In my opinion，Mr.White _ good to his students in his class at present.A. does does B. does didC. does do D. did doWhat did she want to know，Tom?She wondered _ we could complete the experiment.A. when was itB. it was when thatC. it was whenD. when it was thatIt was on the farm_ they visited _ they got to know.A. where；that B. which；whenC. that；that D. which；which_ that he managed to get the information?Oh，a friend of his helped him.A. Where was it B. What was itC. How was it D. Why was itIt was about 600 years ago _the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. that B. untilC. before D. when【答案】CDCCAit 用法 指代上文的同名同物。如：There is no more than one copy left. Will you buy it?作形式主语和形式宾语。如：It is impossible to get there in time.I owe it to him that I can succeed.We should bring it to his attention that he should work hard.like/dislike/hate/appreciate/prefer/want/stand/.it从句depend on/rely onit从句；see toit从句用于固定短语或句型中。如：get it/make it/catch it/forget it/its worth it/I cant help it/as sb. put it/mean it。指代时间、天气、距离、温度或在打电话、有人敲门等情形时。I dislike_ when people talk with their mouths full.A. it B. thatC. this D. themIt worried her a bit_ her hair was turning gray.A. while B. thatC. if D. forYou must see to_ all the children are being taken good care of.A. that B. itC. it that D. whether_ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger，more prosperous economy.A. As B. ThatC. This D. It【答案】ABCD倒装句 表方式或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，主语是名词时要全部倒装，且不用进行时倒装。若主语为人称代词则不倒装。如：In came the teacher.老师进来了。In he came. 他进来了。分词、形容词放在句首全部倒装。如：Hanging on the wall are two pictures.“Only副词/介词短语/状语从句”放在句首时倒装(在强调句中不可倒装，not until也是如此)。如：Only then did he realize he was wrong.Only when you work hard will you succeed.否定词和否定短语(in no case，under no circumstances，on no account，in no way，on no condition，by no means，at no time)放在句首时倒装。如：He said that under no circumstances would_he_give_upHardly/Scarcely.when.No sooner.than 用过去完成时，主句倒装。如：Hardly had the football game begun when it started raining.No sooner had the football game begun than it started raining.not only.but (also).中not only后的句子需倒装。如：Not only is the young man clever but also he is hardworking.表示“A.B也(不).”，用so，neither/nor 倒装。如：He speaks Chinese，and so do I.He doesnt speak Japanese，and nor/neither do I.so/such. that.(如此以至于) 放在句首时倒装。如：Such a good teacher is_he that we all like him.So good is_the_teacher_that we all like him.as表示 “虽然” 时，用“名词(不带冠词)/形容词/副词/动词原形as.”。如：Child as he is，he knows a lot.表虚拟语气中的had，were，should提到主语前。如：Were it to rain tomorrow，I would not go there.Should it rain tomorrow，I would not go there.Had I attended the meeting yesterday，I would have seen him.Only when I left my parents for Italy _ how much I loved them.A. I realized B. I had realizedC. had I realized D. did I realize_，his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A. Strange as might it soundB. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might soundD. Strange as it might soundI have been living in the United States for twenty years，but seldom_ so lonely as now.A. have I felt B. I had feltC. I have felt D. had I feltSo sudden_ that the enemy had no time to escape.A. did the attack B. the attack didC. was the attack D. the attack wasNot until _ on TV _ that the Chinese ship was rescued by the European Union Task Force.A. I turned；did I knowB. did I turn；did I knowC. did I turn；I knewD. I turned；I had known【答案】DDACA主谓一致 and连接同一个人、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语用单数。如：The writer and worker is in the room.动名词、不定式和从句作主语，谓语用单数。如：Educating girls is very important.度量衡、国家、报刊、组织、书等后的谓语用单数。如：5，000 dollars is a large sum of money.all of./most of./some of./half of./part of./the rest of./百分数/分数词/后的谓语用单数或复数取决于所修饰的名词。如：All of the books have been sold out.All of the money has been lent.team/band/class/family/public/population/government/committee等集体名词作主语时，需根据其所表示的意思来确定谓语的单复数形式。如：The family is made up of five members.The family are watching TV.“the rich/poor/old/young/wounded/dead/living/.(表示“一类人”)复数谓语”“the new/old/beautiful/unexplained/.(表示“抽象概念”)单数谓语”。如：The old are easily taken in.以many an.，more than onen.，each/every/non.(each/every/non.)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Many a student has seen the film.Each girl and each boy has a book.“A number of.复数谓语”“The number of.单数谓语”。如：A number of students are fond of the book.The number of students in our class is 50.“Quantities of单数名词/复数名词复数谓语”“A quantity of单数名词单数谓语”“A quantity of复数名词复数谓语”。如：Large quantities of water are badly polluted.A large quantity of water is badly polluted.就近原则(either.or.，not only.but also，not.but，neither.nor.，there be)；就远原则(with，along with，together with，as well as，such as/like，rather than，besides，including，but，except)。如：Not I but Tom and Jack are right.Nobody but Tom and Jack is right.用所给词的适当形式填空：Many a student_(have) already made such an interesting experiment.The teacher and writer_(be) delivering a speech now.Mary along with her parents _(be) going to attend the meeting.Not only the students but also their teacher _(be) interested in the book.Ten years _(be) a moment in history.Only 60 per cent of the work _(be) done yesterday.Quantities of good earth_(be) being washed away each year.More than one student _(have) failed the exam.【答案】hasisisisis was arehas反意疑问句 must，may，might，can，could表示推测时，可先将句子改为I am sure that句型，反意疑问句部分的动词形式根据be sure后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。如：He must be a doctor，isnt he?I am sure that he is a doctor，isnt he?He must have seen the film last week，didnt he?I am sure that he saw the film last week，didnt he?You must have heard about it.I am sure that you have heard about it，havent you?当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，反意疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。但陈述部分主句的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine，guess，be sure等，且主语为第一人称时，要对宾语从句的主语反问。如：Tom doesnt believe Jane will succeed，does he?I dont believe Jane will succeed，will she?在并列句中，要对第二个分句反问。如：He is a doctor but his wife is a teacher，isnt she?祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：否定祈使句，will you?肯定祈使句，will/wont you?Lets.，shall we?Let us/me/him/.，will you?陈述部分含有seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little，nothing，nobody 等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如：He could hardly believe his own eyes，could he?陈述部分含有used to的反意疑问部分用usednt或didnt 均可。若含有ought to时，则用oughtnt 或shouldnt。如：There used to be a bridge here，usednt/didnt there?当主语是everything，anything，something等时，用it反问。当主语是everyone，anyone，somebody等时，用they或he反问。如：Everything is all right，isnt it?Everybody is here，arent they/isnt he?回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则：看所提到的事物是否已发生或未发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。如：You havent been here long，have you？(你在这儿不久，是吗？)No，I havent. I am new here.(是的，我是新来的。)there be 结构用there反问。如：There are two people waiting outside, arent there?Thats., This is.用it 反问。如： That is a book, isnt it?完成下列句子：Dont forget to turn off the light，_？He knows little about English，_？Mary，feed the chickens，_？He couldnt have been told about it，_？Bob told you that there was nobody in the room，_？Everything is all right，_？Everybody is here，_？I dont believe he is wrong，_？You wont go to his party，will you?_，if he invites me.【答案】will youdoes hewill you/wont youhas hedidnt heisnt it；arent they/isnt heis heYes否定句 不带否定词的否定。如：far from(决不；一点也不)anything butnot nearlynot at allnowhere nearfree from.(无的)He is the last person I want to see(他是我最不想见的人)带否定词的肯定。如：I can hardly wait to see him.I cant wait to see him.Ive never heard a better voice.His voice is the best one that I have ever heard.Hes no richer than me.He is as poor as me.Theres nothing but a table in the room.There is only a table in the room.部分否定和全部否定部分否定用not both/all/every/.both/all/every/.not.；全部否定用“neither/none/no名词”。如：All the students dont like the film.Not all the students like the film.Neither of them has a car.否定省略。如：I hope/guess/am afraid so.的否定省略为：I hope/guess/am afraid not.I think/suppose/believe/imagine/expect so.的否定省略为：I think/suppose/believe/imagine/expect not.I dont think/suppose/believe/imagine/expect so.Would you like to go to the cinema with us?Yes，_. What time are we going to meet?A. I would B. I would likeC. I like to D. Id like toIt cant be Mike who has done such a foolish thing. He is_ but a fool.A. nothing B. somethingC. everything D. anythingArent you cold?_. Im boiling.A. Take it easyB. Far from itC. Not a littleD. Thats all rightWhile I agree with most of what you said，I dont agree with_A. something B. anythingC. everything D. nothing【答案】DDBC省略 上下文对话中。如：What made him so upset?Losing his bike.并列句中。如：One side of the board should be painted white and the other red.同时省略句子的几个成分，保留副词。如：Do you like the film?Yes，very much.Really./No，not very much.Not really.类似的有：perfectly，absolutely，exactly，very，not exactly，not likely(impossible).不定式的省略(保留to，to be，to have，to have been)。如：Are you a doctor?No，but I used to be.Do you smoke?No，but I used to.He hasnt finished yet.Well，he ought to have.if necessary如果有必要if possible如果有可能if so假如这样的话if not如果不if ever如果曾经有过(表示时间)if any如果有一些的话(表示数量)if anything若要说的话Correct your mistakes，if any.He is seldom，if ever，late for class.祈使句结构。如：One more week and Ill finish the job.Work hard and you will succeed.“连词分词”的省略(前提条件为状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be)。如：When finished，the project will be a great success.When waiting for a bus，I met him.用适当的词填空：When did the accident happen?It was in 1980_ he was in middle school.What should I do with the passage?_(find) out the main idea.Its wise of you to come around but why?_(see) that it is right.Whom do you want to see?The man _(call) himself Mr. Smith.【答案】whenFindTo seecalling替代 区别it，one，that，those：it与上文名词是同名同物；onea(n)上文的可数名词；thatthe上文的单数名词，后面常有一个后置定语；thosethe onesthe上文的复数名词，后面常有一个后置定语。替代动词：用does，do，did替代上文同一动词。如：He spends more time watching TV than he does reading.替代句子：用so替代上文的句子。如：He smokes a lot. Does his brother do so?用适当的词填空：The population of China is larger than _ of Japan.The radios in this factory are cheaper than_ in that one.I have no mobile phone and I want to buy _I want to buy a gift for my mother，_ at a proper price but of good quality.She plays the piano better than Mary _ the guitar.【答案】thatthoseoneonedoes插入语 副词修饰整个句子：luckilyfortunatelyhappily，sadly，strangely，obviously，briefly.如：Fortunately，people have come to realize the importance of protecting the environment.介词短语in conclusionin a wordin shortin brief，in ones viewin ones opinionin ones sight，in other words，to ones surprise.，(or) rather.动词不定式：to begin with，to conclude，to be exact，to tell the truthto be honest，not to mention.let alone.，to make things/matters even worsewhats worse.分词：generally speaking，strictly speaking.句子：that isthat is to saynamely，he says/he said，it is said，whats more，you know/you see，Im afraid，I mean.The students are not allowed，unless they have special passes，_ after 10：30 pm.A. to stay out B. staying outC. stay out D. stayed outI wonder why he seldom donates anything to help others.Oh，he cant even support himself though he is working hard，_ helping others.A. apart from B. in addition toC. not to mention D. in place ofOur manager is far from satisfied with you._，you failed in the job interview.A. In total B. I seeC. I mean D. In particular【答案】ACC感叹句 感叹句基本构成：Whata(n)形容词名词主语谓语！How形容词a(n)单数可数名词主语谓语！How形容词/副词主语谓语！用what，how 填空：_ an interesting book it is!_ interesting a book it is!_ interesting books they are!_ great progress he has made!_ I wish I could go to space!【答案】WhatHowWhatWhatHow1. (2014福建卷)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely，_， reaching 30C in summer.A. if not B. if ever C. if any D. if so2. (2014湖南卷)Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do_ makes life happy.A. that B. whichC. what D. who3. (2014江苏卷)The idea “happiness”， _， will not sit still for easy definition.A. to be rigid B. to be sureC. to be perfect D. to be fair4. (2014重庆卷)I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，_ you?A. mustnt B. haventC. didnt D. hadnt5. (2014北京卷) _ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.A. Observe B. To observeC. Observed D. Observing6. (2013江苏卷)Generally，students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development.A. is B. areC. was D. were7. (2013江苏卷)“Never for a second，” the boy says，“ _ that my father would come to my rescue.”A. I doubted B. do I doubtC. I have doubted D. did I doubt8. (2013湖南卷)The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ around $8，450 a year，which _ a burden for some of them.A. are; is B. are; areC. is; are D. is; is9. (2013全国卷)It was only after he had read the papers _ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.A. when B. thatC. which D. what10. (2012重庆卷)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic _ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.A. when B. thatC. after D. since【答案】1. B2. A3. B4. C5. A6. A7. D8. A9. B10. B1. No sooner_ at the desk than the telephone rang.A. had he sat downB. he sat downC. he had sat downD. did he sit down2. Nobody but Jack and Jane_ great progress in the class recently.A. have made B. has madeC. had made D. made3. A survey of the opinions of experts_ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week_ good for ones health.A. show；are B. shows；isC. show；is D. shows；are4. The women carrying babies，come in first，_？A. will you B. will theyC. do you D. dont you5. So difficult_ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.A. I did findB. did I findC. I have foundD. have I found6. The place isnt too bad，is it?No，_ it is a bit too crowded.A. but B. forC. and D. as7. _ you get into university in the future，you would have to go and take the chance.A. Will B. ShouldC. Would D. Could8. Was it not until _ out of natural resources that they began to push for other ones?A. people had runB. had people runC. did people runD. people had been9. When youve finished with that book，dont forget to put it back on the shelf，_？A. do you B. dont youC. will you D. wont you10. The students have been told that under no condition _ the mobile phone in class.A. may they useB. they may useC. they could useD. would they use11. Was it from the lake_ he often went fishing_ he saved the drowning girl?A. that；thatB. where；whereC. where；thatD. that；where12. Johnson knows much about the movie. I think he must have seen it，_？A. doesnt he B. hasnt heC. dont I D. didnt he13. So hard _ in the past few months that he has made great progress in English.I can see that，only a few mistakes _ in this exam.A. has he worked；did he makeB. he has worked；he madeC. he has worked；has he madeD. has he worked；he made14. You must have met him the other day，Im quite sure.Oh，no，I_A. didnt B. haventC. hadnt D. mustnt15. Mother hasnt come back yet.Well，she ought_A. to B. to beC. to do D. to have16. I hear that Bai San cant afford his schooling this fall._，lets do something for him.A. If soB. When possibleC. When necessaryD. What a shame17. Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?As I know，he spends at least as much time playing as he_A. writes B. does writingC. is writing D. does write18. Be careful with such things. If you_，youll drop them.A. dont B. arentC. do D. wont19. Its ages since I last saw you. I didnt recognize you at first.I_，either，if someone hadnt call