2015职称英语补全短文译文汇总.doc

What We Take from and Give to the SeaAs long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.We take fishes from the ocean -millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. (1) We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. (2) Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too1. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. (3) Seaweed becomes food of many kinds 一 even candy, and ice cream aswell as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water.(4) But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed.In the future，we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. (5) Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas,we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.注释：Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too.还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life.把垃圾往大海里倾倒就是在把海洋生物杀绝灭尽。练习：A Natural sponges become cleaning aids.B We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.C The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.D Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.E We even use their bones for fertilizer.F Some of its contents may cause illness.答案与题解：1.E前面二句讲了我们从大海捕捉大量的鱼供人们食用，这句接着讲“甚至连鱼的骨头也被 用来做化肥”。Even这个词在这里清楚地表示了这两句话的关系。2.D这句话的前一句讲的是我们可以通过水的蒸发从海水中得到一种矿物质盐，这句话 则说除了盐之外，水蒸发以后还有别的矿物质留下来。3.A前面讲到除了矿物质外，大海还给了我们珍珠、海绵和海草这三样东西。接着作者分别 用一句话来说明每一样东西的昂途。先讲了珍珠,最后讲的是海草，所以这中间的一句应该 是讲海绵的用途了o4.F前一句话说了们不能喝海水，这句话解释了为什么不能喝，很自然。5.B前面一句话用garbage词有力地回答了“我们给予大海什么”这个带有自责性的问题， 这句话则是对这个简单回答的具体解释。译文：论我们给予大海的以及向大海索取的自我们在地球上生活乏始，我们就开始利用环绕着陆地的海洋。我们向海洋索取的同时也在给予o我们从海里捕鱼为了获取百万人的食物，我们每年在海里捕数千吨的鱼，甚至连鱼的骨 头也被用来做化肥。我们从海里获得物。制盐的一种办法就是将海水放在浅底的水池里直至水 分蒸发。除了盐之外，水蒸发以后还有别的矿物质留下来，还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。但是这些物质不能通过海水的蒸发而被我们获取。海洋赐予我们的礼物还有珍珠丨海绵和海 草。珍珠能做成珠宝，海绵可用来作为清洗东西的物品，海草可加工成许多种食品，甚至糖果、 冰淇淋以及药品。不管你相不相信，淡水也是海洋赐予我们的礼物。海水不能饮用，其中有些物 质会致病。但是去掉海水中的盐分后，海水就变成了淡水。将来，我们会越来越依赖午从海水中 取来的淡水。海洋给予我们食物、化肥、矿物、水资源以及其他的礼物。然而，我们又给予了大海什么呢? 垃圾。我们把大海当做垃圾桶的时候污染了大海。海洋虽然巨大无边,却无法容纳所有我们倾倒 进去的水。把垃圾往大海里倾倒就是在把海洋生物杀绝灭尽。然而，随着世界人口的增长，我们 也许将会比以往任何时候都需要海洋以及它给人类带来的东西。我们最终认识到，如果破坏了海洋，我们就将毁灭自己。只希望这个认识还不算太迟。Teamwork in TourismGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus，trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.(1) They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services，and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. (3)Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts，considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. (4)(5) Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers，and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.注释：concerned:作定语时常常放在所修饰的词或短语的后面，表示“有关的”。例如:Everyone concerned must sign their names here.carriers and properties:指运输公司和房地产公司。optimum:形容词，意为“最佳的”。又如:an optimum temperature for this kind of flower：适合 这种花生长的最佳温度。brochure:指具有宣传性质的小册子。seminar：研讨会conversely:相反地，反过来说0 又如：The teacher gave the students knowledge, and conversely，the students offered the teacher their warmest gratitude.练习：A The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers，including car-rental and sight-seeing services.B They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.C Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. D As a result of teamwork, tourism is flouring in all countries.E Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, hotels rely upon agencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.F In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel-planes，ships，trains，motorcoaches, car-rentals，and even car purchases.答案与题解：1.C本段第二句和第三句话都以人称代词they作主语，但所指不明。在大多数情况下，其指 代对象应在同一段落的前文中找。C与这两个句子在结构和意思上都是平行的，时态也一 致，而且用travel operators这个名词去替代这两个句子中的they都讲得通。2.B这一句继续讲旅游经纪人的工作,它同本段前三句话在时态、结构和意思上一致或平行。3.F指示词this/that及其复数形式在英语中是重要的衔接手段，多数情况下this指上文刚刚 提到的事情或说过的话。本段第一句话说旅游顾问召开研讨会使代理人熟悉新业务和销售 技巧。承接这句话，F说“通过这种方式，代理人学会了怎样对旅行自的地加以解释以及向 游客建议各种不同的旅行方式及组合方式，如飞机、船、火车、公共汽车、汽车出租，甚至汽车 的购买”。“这种方式”就是指上一句话中的召开研讨会，因而F是最合适的选项。4.E本段第一句话说房地产公司和旅行社密切合作，达成了最为适当的协议。这种协议兼顾 了顾客的方便和他们自己的财政方面的安排。E实际上进一步阐述了二者之间相互依赖的 紧密关系。5.A写文章讲究句子和段落之间的衔接。第四段讲到了房地产公司和旅行社之间相互依赖 的合作关系,A说“旅行社和运输公司之间也存在着同等程度的信任”，像same, different (ly) , similar(ly), otherwise这样的词语有很强的衔接力，属于指称衔接(reference)中的比 较衔接。下一句话详细解释旅行社和运输公司之间的关系，进一步印证了应该选A。译文：旅游业中的团队合作不同旅游部门之间越来越多的合作证明对有关各方都有益。政府机构、贸易与旅游协会、运 输公司和房地产公司都一齐致力于为旅行者创造良好的条件。旅游经纪人作为旅游计划的专家提出广泛的研究方案。他们了解所有的旅游区和所有运输公 司的服务。他们的专长是组织不同类型的旅游活动以及准备有效的广告宣传。他们把材料分发给 旅行社。这些材料包括杂志、小册子和广告项目。他们提供熟悉情况和组织研讨问题的旅游，从 而使旅行社在短时间内就能获得有关他们正在推出的旅行活动的第一手资料。旅游顾问举办各种重要的研讨会以便使旅行社代理人熟悉新的方案和技巧。通过这种方式, 代理人学会了怎样对旅行目的地加以解释以及向游客建议各种不同的旅行方式及组合方式，如飞 机、船、火车、公共汽车、汽车出租，甚至汽车的购买。房地产公司与旅行社之间密切合作，达成了最为适当的协议。这种协议兼顾了顾客的方便和 他们自己的财政方面的安排。旅行社依靠旅馆提供良好的服务，反过来，旅馆依靠旅行社来完成 合同，招揽顾客。在旅行社与运输公司(包括汽车出租和观光服务)之间也存在着同种程度的信任。运输公司 依靠旅行社来提供乘客，而旅行社依靠运输公司提供受游客欢迎的旅行活动。所有服务机构都以 提高效率、价格公平及使顾客满意为宗旨。Are Online Friends Real Friends?Modern computer technology has made a new kind of human relationship possible: online friendship. _(1)_. Are online friendships as beneficial as face-to-face friendships? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having virtual friends? Can people form strong bonds online? Today these questions are the subject of lively debate1.Some people believe that the Internet is the best way to make new friends. Its convenient, its fast, and it allows to make contact with different kinds of people from all over the world. When you use social networking websites and chat rooms, you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours2. Information updates and photos add to the experience. Making friends on the Internet is especially good for shy people who feel uncomfortable in social situations. Its often easier to share thoughts and feelings online. _(2)_. They can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems.Although the Internet can encourage friendship, it has a major disadvantage. _(3)_. Online friends only tell you what they want you to know. They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hide the less positive ones, so you cant be sure of what they really like3. That is why you should not give personal information to anyone online unless youre totally sure of who that person is.Can online friendship be as meaningful as face-to-face ones? There are different points of view. Researchers at the University of Southern California surveyed 2,000 households in the United States. The results showed that more than 40 percent of participants feel “as strongly about their online buddies”as they do about their “offline”friends. _(4)_. In contrast, there are many people who believe that its not possible to have deep relationships with online friends. A young Indian software engineer, Lalitha Lakshmipathy，says，“its good to feel connected with many people, but all my e-buddies are not necessarily my close friends. ”_(5)_. They say that its hard to develop feelings of trust and connection when you dont share experiences in person4.People continue to express different opinions about online friendship. However, most of them would agree that virtual friendships must not replace face-to-face friendships. As one life coach says, “a social networking site should only be the add on in any relationship.”注释：1.Today these questions are the subject of lively debate.：现今这些问题成了人们热议的话题。2.When you use social networking websites and chat rooms, you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours.：当你浏览社交网站和进人聊天室聊天时，你会很容易找到志趣相投的人。3.They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hide the less positive ones, so you cant be sure of what they really like.：他们有时会夸大自己的优点而掩盖缺点，让你看不清他们的庐山真面目。4.They say that its hard to develop feelings of trust and connection when you dont share experiences in person.：他们认为，由于缺乏共同的经历，与网友发展信任和联系很困难。练习：A.In addition, virtual friends can offer emotional support.B.When youre not face to face, its much easier to deceive people.C.Many people would agree.D.Researchers also found that its not unusual for online friends to become face-to-face friends.E.Online friends may be of help in many ways.F.Online friends，or virtual friends，are people who have become acquainted with each other through the Internet.答案与题解：1.F开头第一句讲了现代计算机技术给人类带来了一种新型的人际关系，即网友。而这一句是对网友的定义，即人们通过网络认识的朋友。第二句的开头online friends与第一句的结尾online friendship承上启下，是文章写作的要素。2.A本段讲的是网上交友的有利因素：方便快捷;分享真情实感比社交场合容易得多。本句的开头in addition (另外)引出对以上有利因素的补充。3.B本段讲的是网上交友的不利因素。本段第一句是一个总括句：网上交友有一大不利。本句说明这一不利是什么，即没有而对而的接触，人们很容易受骗，紧接着下一句讲怎样被骗：网友只会告诉你他们想让你知道的信息。4.D该句的前一句讲的是：调查结果显示，超过40%的受访者认为“网上的友谊”同“线下的友谊”一样牢固。而这一句是对上一句的进一步解释：调查还显示，网友转变成现实中的朋友也不是不寻常的。also 词也表明了该句和前一句的关系。5.C该句的前一句和后一句都讲的是网络可以使人们多联系，但耍使人们成为亲密的朋友比较难。所以，该句(很多人也认同这一点)恰当地把它们连接起来。译文：网友算真正的朋友吗?现代计算机技术使得一种新的人际关系成为可能，即网友。网友，或称虚拟朋友，是指在网上认识的人。网友是否能像现实中的朋友一样互相帮助?交网友的利弊分别有哪些?网络上能建立起牢固的联系吗?现金，这些问题引起了激烈的争论。有的人认为，网络是结交朋友最好的方式。网络不仅方便快捷，还能让你联系到全世界各种类型的人。当你浏览社交网站或进入聊天室聊天时，你会很容易找到志趣相投的人，信息更新和照片也能增进这种体验。在网上交友对于内向的人来说尤其有利，因为他们在社交场合可能会感到不自在。在网络上，分享思想和情感也变得更为容易。另外，虚拟的朋友能够给人们以情感支持，减少人们的孤独感，帮助他们解决问题。网络虽然可以增进友谊，但也存在不少缺陷。由于没有面对面的接触，人们很容易受骗。网友只会告诉你他们想让你知道的信息。他们有时会夸大自己的优点而掩盖缺点，让你看不清他们的庐山真面目。正因如此，在不完全确定对方是谁之前，不要随便将个人信息提供给网络上的任何人。网络上的朋友能和现实中的朋友一样有意义吗?对此有许多不同的观点。南加州大学的研究人员对美国2000户家庭进行了一项调查，调查结果显示，超过40%的受访者认为“网上的友谊”同“线下的友谊”一样牢固。调查还显示，网友不能转变成现实中的朋友也不是寻常的。与此相对的是，许多人认为与网友发展深厚友谊不太可能。拉丽莎拉什米帕西是一名年轻的软件工程师，她说：“同许多人保持联系给人感觉很好，但是我网上的朋友不都是我亲密的朋友。”很多人也认同这一点，他们认为，由于缺乏共同的经历，与网友发展信任和联系很困难。人们还在为网友的问题争论不休。不过，大部分人仍认为，虚拟的朋友不能代替现实中的朋友。正如一位人生导师说：“社交网站只能成为人际关系的助益，而不能取而代之。”The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, ”Contact： The first four minutes he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships： “(1) A lot of peoples whole lives would change if they did just that. ”You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met.(2)If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear fiiendly and self-confident. In general, he says, “People like people who like themselves1. ”On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic，realizing that the other person has his own needs， fears, and hopes.Hearing such advice, one might say, But Im not a fiiendly, self-confident person. Thats not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way. ”(3) We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. ”But isnt it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we dont actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, total honesty is not always good for social relationships2 especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger3 . That is not the time to complain about ones health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about ones opinions and impressions.(4) For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5 in everyschool, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. (5) That is at least as important as how much we know.词汇：undivided 不分散的，专一的 personality 个性，人格accustomed 惯常的注释：1.People like people who like themselves.人们喜欢那些有自信心的人。这里的who like themselves不作“喜欢自己”解，根据上下文，可以解释为“有自信的人”。2.total honesty is not always good for social relationships:在社会关系上“绝对的诚实”并非总是好的。3. a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. ?在和陌生人接触的头几分钟，适当演一点儿戏是最合适不过的了。4.apply to:适用于5.required course:必修课练习：A In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable aboutchanging our social habits. B Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with family members and friends.C In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people. D Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.E He keeps looking over the other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.F He is eager to make friends with everyone.答案与题解：1.D本文主要讲与人初次见面最初四分钟对于人际交往的重要性。文章开头以自问自答的 形式提出主题,然后说Leonard Zunin博士在书中向任何想交新朋友的人提出一条建议。什 么建议呢?比较一下只有把D放在这里最合适，因为人们常用祈使句向别人提建议，D是一 个祈使句，它的意思是：“每次你在社交场合遇到什么人时，全神贯注地注意他四分钟。”和上下文意思连贯。2.E承接上一段。作者在本段第一句话告诉我们有人并不按他建议的那样做。那么这些人 怎么做呢? E说:“他不停地往其他人身后看，好像要在屋里其他地方找到更有趣的人似 的。”显然此处选E最合适。3.A文章第三、第四段建议当被引见给陌生人时,态度应当友好而自信，还应掌握好分寸。对 此有人会说友好和自信非我本性，如果硬要装出如此态度就是不诚实。这是一种反驳意见， 我们期待作者的回答。A说:“作为回答，Zunin博士说只要我们稍加练习就可以帮助我们改 变社交习惯。”下文是对此的进一步解释。4.B到此为止作者主要谈与陌生人相处要注意最初四分钟。从其他句子来看，本段谈的是家 庭成员之间在交往中也应注意在一起的最初四分钟，那么选项B是最合适的了5.C本段强调人际关系的重要性，C说:“在他看来，成功主要依赖于如何与他人友好相处。” 这句话的意思符合本段主题，后一句的主语this指的就是与人友好相处这件事。译文：最初四分钟人们什么时候决定他们是否愿意成为朋友?按列奥纳多祖尼博士的书中所说是在他们相处 的最初四分钟。在他的书接触：最初四分钟里，他向所有对开始新的友谊感兴趣的人们提出 了这样的建议：“每次你在社交场合遇到什么人时，全神贯注地注意他四分钟。许多人如果这样做了的话，他们的生活就会完全不同。”你可能已经注意到了，一般人都不会全神贯注地注意一个他刚认识的人。他不停地往其他 人身后看，好像要在屋里其他地方找到更趣的人似的。如果有人对你这样，你大概不会很喜欢他。作者建议，当我们被介绍给新认识的人时，我们应该尽力显得友好和自信。一般讲，他说：“人们喜欢那些有自信心的人。”另一方面我们不能让别人觉得我们太自以为是。表现出感兴趣、有同情心，能意识到别人有他们自己的需要、担心和希望是很重要的。听到这样的建议，有人或许会说：“但是我不是一个友好的、自信的人。那不是我的天性。我 如果那样做将是不诚实的。” 作为回答，祖尼博士说只要我们稍加练习就可以帮助我们改变社交习惯。对我们选择的个 性上的改变我们会慢慢习惯。“这就像适应一辆新车。 一开始会觉得陌生，但它比旧车好开。”但是当我们不觉得友好且自信的时候却给人那样的表象，这是诚实吗?可能是，但是祖尼博士认为在社会关系上“绝对的诚实”并非总是好的，尤其是在接触的最初四分钟里。任何事情都有时间限制。在和陌生人接触的头几分钟，适当演一点儿戏是最合适不过的了。那种时候不适于 抱怨健康状况或谈论别人的缺点，也不适于全盘托出某人的观点和印象。以上有关陌生人的建议有很多也适合于家庭成员和朋友间的关系。对于丈夫和妻子或父母与 孩子来说，久别重逢的前几分钟最容易出问题。祖尼博士建议认真对待离别重逢的最初四分钟。 如果有不愉快的事情需要讨论，也应该稍后再说。作者说每个学校都应该把人与人之间的关系作为必修课，和阅读、写作、数学等一起上。他 认为一生中的成功主要看我们如何与别人相处。至少这和我们拥有的知识一样重要。Financial RisksSeveral types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing ; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.(1) They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing.(2) Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or any other disagreement over which payment is withheld. One company，for example，shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. (3) The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.Political risk relates to2 the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility3,expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. (4) Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk4，so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market.Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years，most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects5. (5) International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. Before rates were permitted to float,devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.词汇：solvency 偿付能力contract terms 合同条款 dehydrated potato 脱水土豆expropriation 剥夺所有权;没收、征用expulsion .逐出，开除;呼出, 排出cancellation 取消，注销;作废，废除import lice