2015年12月六级答案.doc

六级阅读第四讲一、主旨题1、特征 题干问全文大意、全文意图、全文态度等 主旨是贯穿全文的核心话题，各种论据都是为了支撑和阐明主题的。 可分为：主旨型，标题型，目的型。2、提问方式 What is the passage mainly about? What is the authors purpose/intention in writing this passage? What is the message the author intends to convey? What it the best title of the passage?3、主旨题的分类： 主题型 标题型 目的型4、解法 常考察全文结构重点 文首作者的论点 直接陈述或引出的观点 文末作者的观点 文末的总结、概括、升华等5、. 解题思路 （1） TS 原则（Topic Sentence） 主旨句通常是一个具有概括性和观点性的陈述句。 下定义：is, be called as 表观点：believe, indicate 等。 主旨句的位置: 开篇段落的第一个观点陈述句 （一般段首句，有时二三句） 开篇段落转折后引出的观点句。 注意：开篇段落一般为第一段，有时候也可能是二段甚至三段 （2）主体词原则 如果文章没有明显的主题句，或者主题思想不是很明确，那么在阅读时，就要注意_，这些词可能就是蕴涵中心思想的关键词，这就是文章的主体词。 注意：五个题干中重复频率最高的词有可能就是主题词。 (3) 文章基调或作者态度6、 主旨题常见干扰 （1）. 以偏概全 只概述了文章的局部信息（某一部分或某一段落）。 （2）. 把论据当论点。 （3）. 扩大或缩小范围52. What is the authors purpose of writing the passage? (2012-6)As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting generally produces the best results. Thats partly because most people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and put more effort, to achieve those goals. Whats far less understood by scientists, however, are the potentially harmful effects of goal-setting. Newspapers convey daily accounts of goal-setting widespread in industries and businesses up and down both Wall Street and Main Street, yet there has been surprisingly little research on how the long-advocated practice of setting goals may have contributed to the current economic crisis, and immoral behavior in general.AThe goals that most people set are unrealistic.BThe goal increase peoples work efficiency.CIts role has been largely underestimated. DIts negative effects have long been neglected.62. What is the authors purpose of writing the passage? (2012-12) Youve now heard it so many times, you can probably repeat it in your sleep. President Obama will no doubt make the point publicly when he gets to Beijing: the Chinese need to consume more; they needbelieve it or notto become more like Americans, for the sake of the global economy. And its all true. But the other side of that equation is that the U.S. needs to save more. For the moment, American households actually are doing so. After the personal-savings rate dipped to zero in 2005, the shock of the economic crisis last year prompted people to snap shut their wallets.A)To urge the American government to cut deficits.B)To encourage Chinese people to spend more.C)To tell Americans not to worry about their economy.D)To promote understanding between China and America.62. What is the authors purpose of writing the passage? (2012-12) Thats what happens when youre the worlds biggest creditor: you get to drop hints like that, which would be enough by themselves to create international economic chaos if they were ever leaked. (Every time any official in Beijing deliberates publicly about seeking an alternative to the U.S. dollar for the $2.1 trillion China holds in reserve, currency traders have a heart attack.) If Americans saved more and spent less, consistently over time, they wouldnt have to worry about all that.A)To urge the American government to cut deficits.B)To encourage Chinese people to spend more.C)To tell Americans not to worry about their economy.D)To promote understanding between China and America.二、选词填空15个词都是实词名词，动词，形容词，副词，分词选词填空秘诀：分类和筛选1、 详细要点 词性分类、形式标注 单句阅读、分段做题 先判断词性、后结合语义 选一个划一个、先易后难2、词性判断 A、名词 做句子主语、宾语成分的空 空前有形容词或冠词或所有格、空后无名词的 与其它名词并列的空 介词后的空 关注点 可数or不可数 单数or复数 常见结构： 结构1：冠词+_。 结构2：形容词+_。 结构3：及物动词+_。(名词充当动词的宾语) 结构4：介词+_。（名词充当介词的宾语） 结构5: 名词 and _ B、动词 句子缺谓语的空 注意进行时、将来时、完成时、情态动词 不定式 to 后的空，需要动词原形 定语、状语、独立主格结构，需要动词分词 与其他动词并列的空 关注点 判断形式（原形、第三人称单数，ed、ing） 固定搭配 常见结构： 结构1：名词+_+名词。空格前的名词作主语，空格后的名词作宾语，所填词充当谓语动词，且为及物动词。 结构2：名词+_(+副词/介词)。空格前的名词作主语，所填词充当谓语动词，且为不及物动词。 结构3：have/has/had/be+_。空格处为动词的分词形式，与have/has/had构成完成时态;与be构成进行时态或被动语态。 C、形容词 做定语成分的空 空前是冠词，空后是名词 空前是介词，空后是名词 空前有主语和系动词，有可能需要形容词 与其它形容词并列的空常见结构：结构1：(不定冠词/定冠词+)_+名词。形容词作定语修饰名词。结构2：be/get等系动词(+副词)+_。形容词作表语。 结构3：make等使役动词+名词+_。形容词作宾语补足语。 D、副词 修饰形容词、动词的空 修饰整句的空 空位于一个完整句的句首或句末 空位于一个完整句的主语之后、谓语之前 系动词之后，表语之前。 常见结构：结构1：_+动词，或者动词+_，句中主谓宾齐全。副词修饰动词。 结构2：_+形容词，或者形容词+_，句中主谓宾齐全。副词修饰形容词。结构3：_，+一个结构完整的句子。副词作状语，修饰整个句子。3、不同词性的后缀 名词后缀1)-or/er/crat:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, actor. democrat2)-acy, 表示/性质，状态，境遇 democracy, accuracy3)-ance, -ence表示/性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度 importance, diligence, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency, 表示/性质，状态，行为，过程/ frequency, urgency5)-bility, 表示/动作，性质，状态/ possibility, flexibility, feasibility6)-dom, 表示/等级，领域，状态/ freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood, 表示/资格，身份，年纪，状态/ childhood, manhood, 8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示/行为的过程，结果，状况 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction9)-ism, 表示/制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为/ socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity, 表示/性质，状态，程度/ purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment, 表示/行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness, 表示/性质，状态，程度/ goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship, 表示/情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业/ hardship, friendship14)-th, 表示/动作，性质，过程，状态/ depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude, 表示/性质，状态，程度/ latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure, 表示/行为，结果/ exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)17)-grapy, 表示/学，写法/ biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics, 表示/学法/ logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics19)-ology, 表示/学论/biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)20)-nomy, 表示/学术/ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学) 动词后缀1)-ize, ise, 表示/做成，变成，化/ modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en, 表示/使成为，引起，使有/ quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy, 表示/使化，使成/ beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish, 表示/使，令/ finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate, 表示/成为，处理，作用/ separate, operate, indicate 形容词后缀1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome, handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost11)-less, 表示否定 countless, stainless, wireless 副词后缀1）(形容词)-ly：badbadly坏地,恶劣地，carefulcarefully小心地2）-wise: clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地); likelikewise同样地3）-wards: outoutwards向外面地，northnorthwards向北方地2014.6A) assume B) confidential C) disagree D) formula E) forthcoming F) illustrating G) mysteriously H) observe I) optimistic J) package K) radically L) reality M) separately N) spoiling O) underestimate名词D) Formula J) Package L) Reality动词A）Assume C) Disagree H) Observe O) Underestimate副词 G) mysteriously K) radically M) Separately形容词 B) confidential E) forthcoming I) optimistic-ing F) Illustrating N) spoilingMillions of Americans are entering their 60s and are more concerned than ever about retirement. They know they need to save, but how much? And what exactly are they saving for-to spend more time _36_ the grandkids, go traveling, or start another career? It turns out that husbands and wives may have _37_ different ideas about the subject.动词A) Assume C) Disagree H) Observe O) Underestimate F) Illustrating N) Spoiling副词G) mysteriously K) radically M) SeparatelyThe deepest divide is in the way spouses envisage their lifestyle in their later years. Fidelity Investments Inc. found 41 percent of the 500 couples it surveyed _38_ on whether both or at least one spouse will work in retirement. Wives are generally right regarding their husbands retirement age, but men _39_ the age their wives will be when they stop working. And husbands are slightly more _40_ about their standard of living than wives are.动词 A）Assume C) Disagree H) Observe O) Underestimate F) Illustrating N) spoiling形容词B) confidential E) forthcoming I) optimisticBusy juggling (穷于应付) and families, most couples dont take time to sit down, _41_ or together, and think about what they would like to do 5, 10 or 20 years from now. They _42_ they are on the same page, but the _43_ is they have avoided even talking about it.动词A）Assume C) Disagree H) Observe O) Underestimate F) Illustrating N) Spoiling副词 G) mysteriously K) radically M) Separately名词 D) Formula J) Package L) Reality If you are self-employed or in a job that doesnt have a standard retirement age, you may be more apt to delay thinking about these issues. It is often a _44_ retirement date that provides the catalyst (催化剂) to start planning. Getting laid off or accepting an early-retirement _45_ can force your hand. But dont wait until you get a severance (遣散费) check to begin planning.形容词 B) confidential E) forthcoming I) optimistic名词 D) Formula J) Package L) Reality三、信息匹配题信息匹配题不考理解，考的是快速搜索信息的能力1、 题目介绍 1200字的文章 10道信息匹配题：文章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。一、题目考法 文后10个句子 原文信息的重现、改写或归纳 不符合顺序原则 可能两句来自同一段落 有段落无对应句2、 解题要点 重点是看到，而非看懂 带着句子信息看文章 以词带句扫读、重点抓词 优先确定来源明显的句子3、 解题步骤 看大标题 选定位词 读文解题 查漏补缺1. 看大标题 熟悉文章主题 主题词不能作为定位词2. 选定位词 带着定位词快速扫文章 定位词 不易被改写、在文中极可能原样重现且易被找到 数字、特殊文字 大写专有名词：人名、地名、书名、机构名特定概念：合成词、专业概念、独特说法、偏具体的名词47. A recent study found that most old people in some European countries had regular weekly contact with their adult children. (样题)K) Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majority of them were in touch at least once a week.54.Gender-awareness education is becoming more and more popular in state-subsidized preschools in Sweden. (2014-6)A) On the surface, Sweden appears to be a feminist paradise. Look at any global survey of gender equality and Sweden will be near the top. Family-friendly policies are its norm-with 16 months of paid parental leave, special protections for part-time workers, and state-subsidized preschools where, according to a government website, “gender-awareness education is increasingly common.” 48. More American women hold elite job positions in business than Swedish women. (2014-6)B) Though the United States has fewer women in the workforce (68 percent compared to Swedens 77 percent), American women who choose to be employed are far more likely to work full-time and to hold high-level jobs as managers or professionals. They also own more businesses, launch more start-ups, and more often work in traditionally male fields. As for breaking through the glass ceiling in business, American women are well in the lead.54. The best solution to the pension crisis is to postpone the retirement age. (样题)E) The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal meltdown, public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. 3. 读文做题 关注选项句中词在文中的重现或改写，时刻准备找句子与原文信息的对应 定位词优先，剩余信息确认 关注定位词的出现 定位词在文中某处出现时，马上寻找对应句，核对该句信息是否出现 信息充分对应时，再确定答案！2014.6 What If Middle-Class Jobs Disappear?46. Even factory floor work today has become intellectually challenging rather than physically demanding.47. Increases in productivity prove beneficial though some people may lose their jobs temporarily.48. The unemployment rate remained high even two years after the government declared the recent recession was over.49. The author suggests that the recent high unemployment rate is mainly caused by a decrease of middle-class jobs.50. The creation of a suburban economy in the 1950s created lots of office jobs.51 In the first decade of the 21st century, only people with postgraduate degrees experienced an increase in earnings.52 One economics theory suggests using monetary and fiscal stimulus to cope with an economic recession.53. The popularity of online courses may eliminate many teaching jobs.54. Computer technology has brought about revolutionary changes in the record and book business.55. White-collar workers accounted for more than half of the labor force by the end of the 20th century.46. Even factory floor work today has become intellectually challenging rather than physically demanding.I) The trend away from manual tabor has continued. Even within the manufacturing sector, the share of production and non-supervisory workers in manufacturing employment went from over 85% just after World War II to less than 70o in more recent years. To put this another way, the proportion of white collar work in manufacturing has doubled over the past 50 years. On the factory floor itself, work has become less physically demanding. Instead, it requires more cognitive skills and the ability to understand and carry out well-defined procedures.47. Increases in productivity prove beneficial though some people may lose their jobs temporarily.O) Its important to bear in mind that when we offer a structural interpretation of unemployment, a “loss of jobs” means an increase in productivity. Traditionally, economists have argued that productivity increases are a good thing, even though they may cause unemployment for some workers in the short run. In the long run, the economy does not run out of jobs. Rather, new jobs emerge as old jobs disappear. The story we tell is that average well-being rises, and the more people are able to adapt, the more widespread the improvement becomes.48. The unemployment rate remained high even two years after the government declared the recent recession was over.A) The most recent recession in the United States began in December of 2007 and ended in June 2009, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research. However, two years after the official end of the recession, few Americans would say that economic troubles arc behind us. The unemployment rate, in particular, remains above 9%. Some labor market indicators, such as the proportion of long-term unemployed, arc worse now than for any postwar recession.49. The author suggests that the recent high unemployment rate is mainly caused by a decrease of middle-class jobs.C) I want to suggest a third interpretation. Without ruling out a role for aggregate demand or for the regulatory environment, I wish to suggest that structural change is an important factor in the current rate of high unemployment. The economy is in a state of transition, in which the middle-class jobs that emerged after World War | have begun to decline. As Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee put it in a recent e-book Race Against the Machine:“ The root of our problems is not that were in a great recession, or a great stagnation（停滞）. but rather that we are in the early throes（阵痛）of a great restructuring. ”50. The creation of a suburban economy in the 1950s created lots of office jobs.H) What took place after World Warwas not the revival of a 1920s economy, with its small farming units, urban manufacturing, and plurality of laborers. Instead, the 1950s saw the creation of a new suburban economy. with a plurality of white-collar workers. With an expanded transportation and communications infrastructure（基础设施）, businesses needed telephone operators, shipping clerks and similar occupations. If you could read, follow simple instructions, and settle into a routine, you could find a job in the post-war economy.51 In the first decade of the 21st century, only people with postgraduate degrees experienced an increase in earnings. M) Using the latest Census Bureau data. Matthew Slaughter found that from 2000 to 2010 the real earnings of college graduates (with no advanced degree) fell by more in percentage terms than the earnings of high school graduates. In fact, over this period the only education category to show an increase in earnings was those with advanced degrees.52. One economics theory suggests using monetary and fiscal stimulus to cope with an economic recession. B) There are two widely circulated narratives to explain whats going on. The Keynesian narrative is that there has been a major drop in aggregate demand. According to this narrative, the slump can be largely cured by using monetary and fiscal（财政的）stimulus. The main anti-Keynesian narrative is that businesses are suffering from uncertainty and over-regulation. According to this narrative, the slump can be cured by having the government commit to and follow a more hands-off approach.53. The popularity of online courses may eliminate many teaching jobs.N) The outlook for mid-skill jobs would not appear to be bright. Communications technology and computer intelligence continue to improve, putting more occupations at risk. For example, many people earn a living as drivers- including trucks and taxicabs. However, the age of driverless vehicles appears to be moving closer. Another example is in the field o